Điều kiện sống của công nhân có rối loạn tâm thần ở khu công nghiệp biên hòa

TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HQC DONG NAI, S6 03 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 DIEU KIEN SONG CUA C O N G NHAN CO ROI LOAN TAM THAN Cf KHU C N G NGHIEP BIEN HOA TkS Li Mink Cong^ TOM TAT Ddng Nai la mgt tinh eong nghiep nam khu tam gide kinh te trgng diim phia Nam Hien nay, Dong Nai ed khodng han 30 khu cong nghiip v&i han 420 ngdn cdng nhdn, da sd cdng nhdn la ddn nhdp cu tie cde tinh phia Bde, Trung vd Tdy Nam bg Dieu kien sdng vd diiu kiin ldm viie eung nhu dge diim eua viec di ddn da ndy sinh nhieu vdn de kho khdn ddi v&i ngu&i cdng nhdn, mgt nhirng vdn de la tinh trgng rdi logn tdm thdn Nghiin cuu dugc khdo sdt tren 840 cdng nhdn tgi khu cdng nghiep Biin Hda di sdng lge 120 ngu&i ed rdi logn tdm thdn (chiim 14.29%), tie xem xet diiu kiin sdng ciia hg nhu the ndo Kit qud nghiin ciru thong ke md td cho thdy da so cdng nhdn cd rdi logn tdm thdn cd thu nhdp thdp, diiu kien song khdng ddm bdo, dp luc cdng viec vd mdi tru&ng ldm viic khdng ddm bdo Tir khda: Rdi logn tdm thdn, dieu Men sdng, diiu kien ldm viec, cdng nhdn, Khu cdng nghiip Bien Hda l.Datv4nd^ Trong nhirng nam qua, thuc hien dudng ldi ddi mdi ciia Dang va Nhd nudc, Ddng Nai da kip thai nam bat van hgi mdi, khai thdc van dung tidm nang, lgi the d dia phuang, tich cue thu hiit ddu tu frong va ngodi nude, ddy manh san xudt kinh doanh, phat trien cdng nghigp, dich vu, ndng nghigp, gidi quydt viec lara, chuyen dich ca cdu kinh te theo hudng cdng nghi?p - dich vu ndng nghiep, tgo nen kinh td lien tgc phat trien vdi tdc cao Song song vdi viec phdt trien kinh td cua tinh nhd, dgi ngu cdng nhan lao ddng (CNLD) d Ddng Nai cung phat friln khd nhanh, cd nhidu biln dgng d cdc thdnh phdn kinh te tang nhanh d cdc doanh nghiep til nhan, doanh nghiep cd von ddu hi nudc ngoai vd gidm frong cac doanh nghiep nhd 'Trudng D?i hoc KHXH & NV TP H6 Chi Minh nudc Hien nay, toan tinh Ddng Nai cd khoang hon 30 khu cdng nghiep, hon 420 ngdn cdng nhan Da sd cdng nhdn, ngudi lao ddng tai cac khu cdng nghidp la ddn nhdp cu tu nhieu tinh frdn cd nudc Chl luang, didu kidn lam vide, thidu thdn vdt chdt, nhd d khiln ddi sdng cua cdng nhdn gap rat nhidu khd khan Trong thdi gian qua, cae cap nganh tai Ddng Nai da cd gdng rdt nhieu vide ndng cao ddi sdng cua ngudi cdng nhdn Tuy nhidn vdn nhidu van de dang dgt cdn phdi giai quyet nham giiip ngudi cdng nhdn cd radt cugc sdng thodi raai ea ve vat chdt lan tinh than, giiip hg an tdm cdng tdc va cd thd dinh cu lau dai Trong thdi gian qua, tai khoa Khdm benh ciia Benh vien Tara than Ttrung uong 2, chiing tdi ghi nhan cd su TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HOC BONGNAI, SO 03-2016 gia tang ngudi benh ddn khara la cdng nhan tgi cac khu cdng nghi?p Rat nhieu tmh ti^g rdi loan tara thdn nhu fram cam, lo au, rdi logn dang co thd, sfress, loan than, md ngudi cdng nhan thudng mdc phai Nam 2006, chung tdi cd triln khai radt dd tdi nghien cftu cap CO sd vd cho thdy ket qud cd khoang 20 - 25% cdng nhdn nu tai cac khu cdng nghidp d TP Bidn Hda cd rdi logn hon hgp lo au va trara cdra, cao hon nhidu so vdi cac cdng ddng khac Tuy nhien cd radt thuc frgng la da sd cdng nhan khdng dli tidn dd kham va dieu trj dftng phdc dd, dd tinh frgng benh tdt cang nang va gia tang lam cho ddi sdng cua hg cdng khd khan Ddng thdi vdi Id viec ngudi cdng nhan ciing nhu ngudi qudn ly lao ddng khdng cd nhieu hieu biet de phdng ngua tinh frang rdi loan tdm thdn Dieu dd cho thdy ty le rdi logn tara than d cdng nhdn ngdy cdng tang De nghien ciru dilu kien sdng nhu Id mdt frong cac yeu td nguy co ddn tdi rdi loan tam than d cdng nhdn tai cac khu cdng nghidp, chung tdi tridn khai de tai nghien cftu "Didu kien sdng cua cdng nhdn cd roi logn tam thdn tai Khu Cdng nghiep Bidn Hda 2" Muc dich cu till cua nghien cftu ndy nhdm xdc dinh cae dieu kidn sdng, dieu kien ldm viec eua cdng nhdn cd rdi logn tdra tiidn tgi Khu Cdng nghidp Bidn Hda 2, tu dd dl xudt mdt sd kien nghi giup nang cao chdt lugng sftc khde tdm than ciia cdng nhan Phuffng phap nghidn cuii 2,1 Mdu ngkiin ciru Mdu nghidn eim dugc phdn giai dogn: ISSN 2354-1482 " - Giai doan 1, xac dinh ty le roi loan tdm thdn d cdng nhan giai dogn chung tdi nghien cftu tren 840 cdng nhan tai Khu Cdng nghiep Bien Hda 2, Ddng Nai dl khdo sat sdng lgc ty Id mgt sd rdi loan tara thdn d cdng nhan (rdi logn frdm cam, rdi logn lo au, suy nhugc, rdi logn gidc ngu) Mdu nghien euu dugc xac dinh la: 210 cdng nhdn a nhdra cdng ty ngdnh nghe san xudt co khi, didn; 210 cdng nhdn d nhdra ngdnh nghi san xudt ddt, raay mac; 2010 cdng nhan d nhdm nganh nghd sdn thuc phdm; 210 cdng nhan d nhdm nganh nghd sdn xudt vat lieu xay dung - Giai doan 2, nghien cftu mdt sd dieu kidn sdng cua cdng nhdn ed rdi loan tam thdn d giai dogn ndy, chiing toi tien hdnh khdo sdt fren 120 cdng nhan dugc xdc dinh mac mOt frong rdi logn tdm than d giai doan I 2.2 Pkuang pkdp nghiin cuu Phuang phdp nghien cftu dugc chiing tdi thiet kd theo phuong phap md ta cdt ngang - u giai doan nghien cftu xac dinh ty le rdi loan tam thdn d cdng nhdn, chftng tdi sft dgng cac tiac nghidra ed dft tin cdy dd khdo sdt sang lgc, sau dd chiing tdi sft dgng cac tieu chuan cd frong Bang tidu chudn chdn doan bdnh tdt ciia td chftc y tl die gidi (ICD - 10) dl phdng van lam sang va xac dinh ro roi logn tara than d cdng nhdn - O giai doan nghien cftu cac dieu kien sdng cua cdng nhdn, chiing tdi xay dung bang khao sat tti didn ve cac dgc diem tam ly - xa hdi va dilu ki?n ISSN 2354-1482 TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016 sdng cua cdng nhdn cd rdi logn tdm thdn dugc chung tdi thidt ke dua vao cdc mien nhu sau: ydu td thu nhap cua cdng nhan (3 iem); yiu td dieu kign sdng (6 item); yeu td dieu kien noi ldra vide (4 iera); ddi sdng van hda - tmh thdn (6 iem); ddi sdng tinh cdm (5 item) vd mdt sd bien phu thudc lidn quan den Ket qua nghiSn ciru 3.1 Dgc diim mdu ngkien ciru tudi, hgc van, ITnh vgc cdng viee kinh nghiem, nguydn qudn, hdn nhan Ngodi ra, chftng tdi sft dgng phuang phdp phdng vdn sau de lam sang td vdn dd nghien cftu Thu philu va xft ly sd lieu vdi phdn mira SPSS 11.5 Bdng D^e diem mdu ngkien ciru N S a c diem Tyl?(%) Tinh trang roi loan Tram cam Nhe 56 6,19 tam than (n = 61; 7,26%) Vita 0,71 Nang 0,35 Roi loan lo au 30 3,57 Suy nhuac 97 11,5 Roi loan giac ngu 80 9,5 Nam 43 53,8 NO 77 64,2 18-25 48 40 26-35 63 52,8 7,5 (N = 840) Gioi (N=I20) Tu6i CN = 120) Tr6n 36 Hoc van Tieu hoc (N = 120) THCS 19 15,8 THPT 62 51,7 Trung cap 31 25,8 Cao dang, dai hpc 6,7 LTnh virc nghe nghiep San xuat ca khi, dien 37 30,8 (N=120) Det, may mac 50 41,7 Thuc pham 25 20,8 V^t li?u xay d\mg 6,7 Duai nam 58 48,3 nghi?p - nam 41 34,2 (N=120) Tren 10 nam 21 17,5 Kinh nghiem ngh6 TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 3.2 Bgc diim diiu kiin sdng, dieu kien ldm viic cua cdng nhan co rk logn tdm tkdn tqi Khu Cong nghidp Bien Hoa 3.2.1 Thu nhqp vd cki tiiu Bdng Thu nhgp cua cong nhan Nguon thu nhap Muc thu nhSp >5 trieu Til luang caban 3000000 7.5 TSng 120 100.0 TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HQC B N G NAI, SO 03 - Bdng cho thay da phdn cdng nhdn cd rdi logn sftc khde tam thdn diu chi trd cho cdc dich vg thiet ydu nhu an udng, sinh hogt chi khoang 500 ngan 1,5 trieu ddng (58,3%), muc chi frd tu 1,5 ttidu - ttidu (22,5%), tiidm chi cd den 21,7% chi fra cho an udng, sinh hogt chi dudi 500 ngan dong, vd chi cd 7,5% cong nhdn ed tien d l chi frd cho dich vu fren frieu ddng Vdi mgt phd loai nhu Bidn Hda, mftc chi 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 frd cho dieh vu an udng va sinh boat cua cdng nhdn nhu vdy Id qua thdp so vdi cgng ddng Nhilu cdng nhan chftng tdi phdng vdn cho biet budi sdng chi an vdi ngdn tidn an sdng, thara chi nhin an, trua vd tdi thi dn d cdng ty vi lara tang ca Chi phi an udng va sinh hoat khd khan nhu vdy ldm ngudi cdng nhan khdng du sftc d l lam viec va cd thd dan tdi suy nhugc Bdng Cdc dick vu cki tid Thli Cac dich vv chi tra N Trung binh SD Tien an hang thang 120 1.1833 40962 Tien thue nha 120 1.5250 59356 120 1.5250 66056 120 1.8833 66337 Tien sinh hoat phi (bao gom quSn ao, mua sSm vat dung ca nhan, ,) Tien di chuyen Cac dich vu van hoa - tinh than (xem bac 120 2.0833 62957 Tien gui ve que 120 2.1583 78853 Chi khac (dam cuoi, sinh nhat, ) 120 2.6333 64734 phim, di du lich, tham gia cac cau lac bp) Mac dft vdi ngudn thu rdt ban chl chi vdi trieu ddng I thdng, cdng nhdn van phdi chi tra rat nhieu cdc khodn khac bdng chftng tdi chi dua cae dich vu chi tra la thiet yeu nhat vdi ngudi cdng nhdn frong cac sinh hoat hdng ngdy Qua dd cho thay, da phdn cdng nhdn chi tra cho tidn an hdng ngdy frong thang (thft bac 1), tidn thud nha va sinh boat phi (bac 2), tien di chuyen den noi lam vi?c nhu xdng xe hay tidn xe buyt (bde 3) Rat it kinh phi dugc chi tra cho cdc hogt dgng nhu vui chai giai tri, chu yiu Id uong ca phe va cac hgi qudn hdt vdi (bac 4), tien giri cho gia dinh (bac 5) va cde khoan chi phi khac nhu cd khach, dam cudi (bae 6) Ket qud khdo sat cho thdy, mac du chi chi frd cho cac dich vg thidt yiu nhdt cua ca nhdn, cdng nhdn vdn rat khd khdn frong van dd tdi ehinh vi ngudn thu qua it di Hg khdng ed du kinh phi de tham gia cac hoat dgng van hda, tinh thdn khdc Hon the, da phdn cdng nhan ddn tii cdc vung ndng thdn khd khan, vi?c hg di lam la mudn giftp dd tai chinh cho gia dinh Tuy nhien qua bdng khao sdt cho thay viec gui tidn ve nha TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HQC B N G NAI, SO 03 - cfta hg Id rdt it, dieu lara cho hg cd nhirng lo ldng vd kho khan ve cdm xuc Ddng thdi bang khdo sdt ciing cho thdy hg dudng nhu khdng cd ngudn kinh phi 3.2.2 Yeu to diiu kiin song ISSN 2354-1482 2016 chi frd cho van de kham vd didu tri benh tdt, mgc dft hg dugc ddnh gia Id cd rdi loan tdm than Bdng Nffi sinh sing eua cong nhan Noi sinh song N Ty le (%) Thue phong song cung ban be 30 25.0 Thue phong song Cling gia dinh 42 35.0 Thue phong trp song mpt minh 28 23.3 cung gia dmh tai nha 17 14.2 Khac (a nha, a ky tuc xa, ) 2.5 120 100.0 Tong Bdng cho thdy da phdn cdng nhdn phdi thue nhd de sdng (83,3%), frong dd ty Id cdng nhdn thud nhd de sdng cung gia dinh nhu anh chi era, bd me, vg/ chdng chiem 35%, cdng nhdn thue phdng sdng cung ban be Id 25%, va thud phdng sdng mdt minh la 23,3% Chi ed rdt it edng nhdn sdng ciing gia dinh tgi nhd minh (nha ciia gia dinh, khdng phdi tiiue) (14,2%), ngoai rdt it cdng nhdn d nhiing noi khac, md chu yiu la d nhd nha ngudi quen, vi cac cdng ty dudng nhu chua cd he thdng ky tiic xd (2,5%) Kit qud cho thay Id da phan cdng nhdn d cac khu cdng nghidp la sdng d nhd time, cac nhd thud ndy la cfta tu nhan xdy dgng d gdn cac khu edng nghiep vd cho cdng nhan thue vdi gia khoang tii 500,000 1,500,000 radt phdng, dieu kien ve sinh, an toan khdng cao Bdng Phuomg tiin di lgi Phuomg ti^n di lai N 27 Tylf(%) 22.5 Dibo 36 30.0 Di xe buyt 32 26.7 Xe cong ty dua nrac 2.5 Khac (xe may, di nha ban) 22 18.3 Tdng 120 100.0 Xedap ISSN 2354-1482 TAP CHI KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016 Bdng eho tiidy phuong ti^n di lai cua cdng nhan chft ydu la di bg (30%), di xe buyt (26,7%), xe dap (22,5%) hoac di xe may ca nhdn, di nhd ban be (18,3%) Vi^c cdng nhdn dugc di chuyin bdi xe dua rude cua cdng ty la rat it (2,5%) Qua phdng vdn sdu cho thay, raac du dudng tft chd frg ddn cdng ty cung khdng gan nhung cdng nhdn van chgn gidi phap di bd de cho tdn kera, hoac neu cd lua chgn phuang tien di lai thi lua chgn xe dgp de di ehuyen cung Id phucmg ti?n khdng tdn kem Nhidu ngudi d rat xa so vdi khu cdng nghiep thi lua chgn phuang tidn la xe buyt cdng cdng, sau dd di chuyen tft dudng ldn vao cdng ty bang each di bOXe dua rude cua cdng ty dudng nhu rdt it, hogc khdng bao gid td chftc cd ma Id cdc cd nhdn d ngoai mua xe, sau dd hgp ddng vdi Cdng dodn cdng ty, nhdn lam dich vu va cdng nhdn phdi trd tien theo thang Viec khd khan frong di ehuyen lam cho ngudi cdng nhdn m^t mdi sau gid ldm vide, nhat la phdi lam theo chl ca kip Dieu ciing phdn dnh ro Id vide ngudn thu nhap thap nen cdng nhdn thudng chgn phuong tidn it tdn kem nhdt Bdng Dieu ki$n cko & Thu N Mean Std Deviation Khong gian sinh hoat chung 120 1.5083 53446 Nai ngii 120 1.6333 63422 Nai niu an 120 1.8417 75588 Dieu kien ve sinh 120 1.8500 69391 Dieu kien anh sang 120 1.9583 83410 Dieu iden cho & Vide da phan cdng nhdn phdi thue phdng d l d cung ddng nghia vdi vide dieu kidn chd d rat hgn che Bang cho thay cdc dilu kidn anh sdng, ve sinh, noi ndu an (thft bac 5, 4, 3) Id khdng dam bdo nhat theo ddnh gia cua cdng nhan Ddng tiidi noi ngu cua cdng nhan cung khdng dugc dam bdo (bac 2), chi cd khdng gian sinh hoat chung la tdt bac hon ehftt Tuy nhien khdng gian sinh boat chi la khodng sdn nhd trudc cdc nha frg, hogc radt khu dat frdng ndo rad cdng nhan cd thd ngdi ndi chuyen, trao ddi vdo budi chieu tdi Kdt qud cho thay dieu kien an d cfta cdng nhan rat khdng ddra bdo, dieu ndy dnh hudng rat ldn den sftc khde ciia hg ISSN 2354-1482 TAP CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC BONGNAI, SO 03-2016 Bdng Di$n tich cho & Tyl6(%) Dien tich chd & N