Mối quan hệ giữa hành vi ứng xử của cha mẹ với các nét nhân cách mặt n (nhiễu tâm) và mặt c (có ý thức phấn đấu) ở học sinh trung học cơ sở

MOI QUAN HE G I O A H A N H VI Q N G X J CUA CHA ME VOI CAC NET NHAN CACH MAT N (NHI§U T A M ) V A MAT C (CO Y CHI PHAN DAU) HOC SINH TRUNG HOC CO SO TS Tran Thanh Nam Trudng Dai hgc Gido due, Bai hgc Qudc Gia Hd Ndi ^ T O M TAT Nghien cuu dugc tiin hdnh tren 315 hgc sinh khoi l&p vd nham ldm ro mdi quan he giira hdnh vi irng xu cua cha me cd lien quan nhu the ndo vai cdc net nhdn cdch mat N (nhieu tdm) vd mat C (cd y chi phdn ddu) d hoc sinh THCS Sii dung phdn tich hdi quy vd tuang quan, kit qud nghiin ciru khdng dinh hdnh vi ldm cha me nhu dm dp vd nhdl qudn cd tuang quan nghich vdi mpl so net nhdn cdch mdt N (nhu lo du de tdn thuang) vd tuang quan thudn v&i mpl sd net nhdn cdch mat C (nhu ngan ndp, y ihuc, thdnh dgt vd than trong) Nghien ciru ciing khdng dinh rdng, su thieu nhdt qudn, hdnh vi kiem sodl ldm ly vd nhirng hinh thirc Irung phat qud thd bgo cita cha me Id bien sd du bdo su gidm ndng luc hodc de bi Ion ihuang Hgn che cua nghien ciru vd nhirng ggiy nghien ciru tuang lai cUng dugc dua bdn ludn Tir khoa: Ndng dm; Nhdl qudn; Kiem soc'il ldm ly; Nhieu tdm Cd y chi phdn ddu Ngdy nhdn bdi: 24/5/2016; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi 25/3/2017 ABSTRACT This study investigated 315 students from secondary' school 7' and S"" grade to examine the relalionships between jxirenting behavior and adolescents' personality characlerislic (facet N - Neuroiicism and facet C - Conscienliousne.ss) Using correlation and regression analysis, results indicated that parenting behaviors like warmth and firm are negatively correlated with facets of Neuroiicism (for example Anxious and Vulnerability) and positively correlated with facets of Conscientiousness (such as Order Self-discipline Achievement Striving and Deliberation) Results also suggested thai lack of consistency and high level of psychological control and harsh punishments in parenting behn'iors predict low level of capacity as well as high level of vulnerability Study's limilailon and future research recommendations are discussed Kej-A^ords: Warmth: Firm Psychological control Neuroiicism Conscienliousness TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (217), - 2017 63 l.BJtvinfle Gia dmh la mdi truong xa hpi hoa diu tien cila tre Cha me Ih nhOng ngucri gin bo su6t dcri va co vai tro quan trpng khong thi thay the cupc ddi mdi dua tre Vi vay, hanh vi ung xu cua cha me hang se la hinh mlu gdp phin xay dung nhimg net nhan each tich cue hoac t?io nen nhung net nhan each tieu cue d cae em Rit nhieu bang chiing nghien ciiu di tnroc khing dinh ring, rit nhiiu yiu tS anh hudng den su phat triin nhSn each cua tre (nhu di truyin, giao due nha trudmg va anh hudng cua nhom b^n va cong dong xa hpi) thi hanh vi iing xii eua cha me dong vai trd quan trpng nhit Cu thi 14 tre song trpng cae gia dmh dan chii (dac tnmg bdi cac hanh vi im ap, quan tam va kiim soat dua tren su trao ddi) thi cai thudng tu tin, cam nhan ban than cd gia tri, ed siic khde tam than tdt hon (Moscatelli va Rubini, 2009) c6 tich hpc tip cao hon (Pratt, Green, Mac Vicar vii Bountrogianni, 1992) co kha nSng Idem soat cam xiic tdt hon (Coplan, Reichel va Rowan, 2009) Ngupc lai, nhUng tre sdng ba nhdm gia dinh sir dung nhung hanh vi kiem soat tSm ly, thieu nhat quan va trimg phat khac nghiet thudng cd nhieu hanh vi ngd nghich, tinh, pha vd nguyen tic va vi pham phap luat (Forehand va Nousiainen, 1993) Ngoai ra, nhirng cha me cd phong each de dai - nudng chieu dac tnmg bdi sir thieu nhit quan, thiiu am ap va thieu kiem soat se dir bao cac bieu hien rdi loan lo au, trim cam ciia tre hong giai doan tieu hpc (Williams va cdng su, 2009) hay dp tudi thiiu nien (Mandeep va cong sir, 2011) Tuy vay, phan Idn cac bang chiing nghien eiiu den hidn tai diu dupe tien hanh teen nhdm khach thi tre phucmg Tay Mue dich cua nghien ciiu se xae dinh mdi quan he giiia phong each, hanh vi iing xil eua cha me (ndng am, kiem soat, nhat quan) vdi cac net nhan each ciia tre mat N (nhiiu tam) va mat C (cd y chi phin diu) bing thang nhan each NEO-PI phien ban Viet tten nhdm tre Viet Nam sdng tai khu vuc ngoai Ha Ndi Dua tren viee diem luan eac cdng frtoh nghien ciiu di trude nhu (MoscateUi va Rubini, 2009; Coplan, Reichel va Rowan, 2009), cd hai gia thuyit nghien ciiu dupe dat de kiim chimg hrong nghien ciiu gdm (i) Mire dp thuc Men hanh vi ndng am va nhat quan eiia cha me ty le nghich vdi nhung net nhan each mat N (nhu lo au, thii nghich, tmh, team cam, xung dpng, dl tdn thuong ) va ty le thuan vdi cae net nhan each mat C (nhu nang luc, y thiic, dat ); (ii) Tan suat thuc hien hanh vi kiim soat tam ly eua cha me ty le thuan vdi cae net nhan each mat N (nhiiu tam) va ty le nghjch vtii cac net nhan each m|t C (ed y chi phan dau) 2, Khach the va cong cu nghiSn cihi Nghien ciiu dupe tiln hanh tren 315 khach thi nghien cihi la hpc sinh thudc khdi va khdi Trudng THCS Thuong Cat va Tnrdng THCS Tu Lap dupe 64 TAPCHITAM lyHOC, Sd-4 (217), - 2017 diiu tra thdi gian tCl thang - nam 2014 DJc diem cua khach the nghien cftu duoc trinh bSiy chi tilt bang Bang 1: Ddc diim nhdn khau hgc cua nhom khach the nghien ciru Giod tioh khach th^ nghien cihi: Nam (Nv) 51,3% (48,7%) Tinh trang hon nhan cua cha me Kit hon vd song chung 93,8% Lythdn 1,7% Lyhon 1,7% Ban thdn 1,8% Tinh trang nghe nghiep cua cha me Cd cong viec dem lai thu nhap ngodi gia dinh 89,4% Tu kinh doanh hg gia dinh 7,2% That nghidp 2,1% Nghi huu So anh chi em gia dinh (trung binh, dp lech cbuan) Ty I^ % cha me c6 trinh hoc van t6t nghidp THPT tro" len Thu nhap binh quan cua gia dinh/thang (VND)' 1,3% 2,3 (0,5) 20,1% 8.800.000 Bp cdng cu nghidn ciru ciia dl tai gdm phin vdi he thdng cac bang cau hdi nhu sau: (i) Bdng hdi Ihdng tin chung gdm eae thdng tin nhan khau hpc nhu tudi, gidi, trinh dp hpc vin, tinh trang hdn nhan gia dinh, tinh trang kinh te; (ii) Bdng hdi ve hdnh vi tmg xir cita cha me gdm 30 cau dupe djch tir thang Child's Report of Parental Behavior tac gia Earl S Schaefer phat triin nam 1965 (Schaefer E., 1965) Thang dupe chia tieu thang phin gdm (a) hanh vi nhat quan - 10 eau; (b) hanh vi kiim soat tam ly - 10 cau va (c) hanh vi ndng am - 10 cau Cac thang da dupe chiing minh dp tin cay vdi he sd Alpha eiia Cronbaeh duoc tinh cho timg thang lan lupt la 'De tham gia nghien cim ndy nhom nghien cim da co Ihu giai thieu nghien ciru giri ve cho cha m^ kem vai bdng hoi khau hgc Nhiing cha me ndo dong y cho tham gia nghien ciru se ky xdc nhan dong y diin thong tin chung, co thong tin ve thu nhgp di gin lai cho nhom nghien cdu TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, So (217), - 65 0,81; 0,85 va 0,78 Diem s6 cang cao thi cha me cang co xu hudmg iing xii tuong ling (Hi) Bdng hdi vi cdc ddc diem nhdn cdch mgt N va mat C gom 80 cSu trich tir thang NEO-PI-R dugrc thich nghi bdi Tnrdng D^ii hoc Giao due, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi He s6 Alpha cua Cronbaeh dupe tinh eho hai mat N va C iin luat la 0,88 va 0,86 (xem them Nguyin Thi My LOc va cpng s\r, 2011) Diim s6 d timg thang cang cao thi tte cang c6 dac diem tinh each tuong ling (iv) Bdng hdi vk cdc hinh thtic dp dtfng ky lugt cua cha me gom 21 cau dupe xay dung tren kit qua phdng vin sau phu huynh dudi d p g thang Likert miic dp Bang hdi dupe kiim dinh dp tin cjy vdi he s6 Alpha dugc tinh toan cho toan thang la 0,89 Quy trinh vd vdn de 3go dire nghien ciru: Diu tien nhom nghien ciiu lien lac vdi Ban Giam hi?u va cac giao vien chi nhi6m ciia hai khdi va khdi ciia Trudmg THCS Thuong Cat va Trudng THCS Tu Lap dl gidi thieu va xin phep nghi6n ciiu Budc thii hai, giao vito chii nhiem s5 giii thu mdi tham gia nghien eiiu cho gia dmh kem bang hdi thdng tm ehung qua hpe sinh NhOng gia dinh nao ddng y cho tham gia nghien ciiu se ky xae nhan, dien bang hoi thdng tin chung va hpc smh chuyen lai cho giao vien dl giii dSn nhdm nghien eiiu Budc thii ba, nghidn ciiu viSn xac dinh lich xudng phat phieu dieu tta va giii thdng bao cho nhiing hpe sinh da chap n h ^ tham gia nghien ciiu Sd phieu dupe phat va thu lai sau hpc sinh hoan Giao vien chu nhiem cac lop hd frp trpng edng tae phat phieu va thu phieu Khai niem, thuat ngir ve phong each hanh vi irng xv cua cha me, dac diem nhan each va eac moi lien h^ i.l Khdi niem, Ihugt ngir vSphong cdch hanh vi ungxit cua cha m( Cac nghien eiiu tren the gidi vl phong each hanh vi ling xir eda cha me tit trude den phan Idn deu sti dung quan diem phan loai cua Baumrind (1967) cho rang, phan Idn cha me dang sii dung mdt ba phong each ddc doan, dan chu hpae nudng chieu trpng ling xu vdi cpn cai Ba phpng each dupe chap nhan khoang 15 nam kl tir dupe dl xuit Din nam 1983, mdt nghien ciiu sau ban cua Maccoby va Martin da bd sung them mdt phong each lam cha me la bd mae/thd o, khdng quan tam (Maccoby va Martin, 1983) Cho den nay, cae hpc gia nghien ciiu ve phong each hanh vi lam cha me deu tiep can theo bdn phong each dac tnmg tren ciia Baumrind, Maccoby va Martin Ndi dung ciia timg phong each dupe trinh bay dudi day: Phong cdch ddn chii: Theo Diana Baumrind, cha me cd phong each dan chu ed xu hudng the hien nhieu hanh vi am ap vdi tre (vi du: diin ta nhieu cam xtie tich cue toi diia tre), dua nhimg nguyen tie gia dinh phii hpp vdi 66 TAP CHI TAM L"? HOC, So (217) - Ilia tuoi cua tte nhung sin sang thao luan nhOng nguyen tac dua ra, mSc du cha me sS la ngudi quyit dinh cuoi ciing sau thao luan, Phong cdch 3QC Soon: Ngupc lai vdi phong each cha me dan chu, cha me vdi phong each dpc doan co xu hudng c6 ^ g kiem soat tit ea, ke ck Idem soat hanh vi Ian cam xuc cila ttd Cha m? dpc doan thuong it thi hien svr ndng im ho5c thdng cim vdi tre, tre lam p sai ho?c khong dat dugc svr mong dpi cua cha me thi sS bj ttiing phat nghiem khSc, bap gdm ea nhOng htah phat vl thi chit (vi du: danh, tit) Phong cdch de ddi - nudng chieu: Tuong tu nhu phong each lam cha me dan ehii, phong each lam cha m? de dai - nudng chieu luon than thi^n va chap nhan tte Nhiing cha me khong thich kiem soat tte va cd rat it nhiing hinh thiic ky luSt danh cho tre mic Idi, tham chi rit khoan dung cho nhihig hanh vi boc dong, sai quay cua tre Phong cdch bd mgc/tha a - khdng quan tdm: Nhiing cha mp vira khdng than thien va the hien ndng im, vira khong kiem soat cai NhOng cha me khdng the hien tinh cam ddi vdi tte va eOng khdng cd hinh thOc k^ luat nao vdi Cha me thd o - khdng quan tam cd it yeu cau ddi vdi tte vi can ban la hp khdng thich thu ddi vdi ciia hp Tuy nhien, viee phan chia phong each nhu tten cung cd nhihig diim khong hgp Iy, bi phe phan vi ban than cha m? cd the sti dung nhieu hon mpt phong each ttong sudt cupc ddi cua tre Tai mpt thdi diem, cha me cung cd the ap dung nhieu phong each thudc vao eae dieu kien hoan canh khach quan (mdi trudng xung quanh, sir cd mat cua nhihig ngudi k h a c ) va chu quan (phan irng ciia tre, tSm ttang ca nhSn) Vi vay, mpt sd nha nghien euu chp ring phan Ipai cac tuyp hanh vi iimg xu ciia cha me se phii hpp ban (Gershoff E.T va cdng su, 2010) Theo hp, nhOng hanh vi irng xu ciia cha me gdp phan cau nen phong each tren gdm: (i) hanh vi ndng am; (ii) hanh vi kiem soat tam Iy va (ill) hanh vi nhat quan Cu the nhu sau: Hdnh vi ndng dm: nhirng hanh vi ndng am cua cha me dupe the hi?n true tiep qua cac hanh vi biiu cam nhu dm, hdn, cudi, khen bang Idi hoac cir chi hoac thi hien gian tiip qua nhOng hanh vi quan tam, chSm sdc nhu danh thdi gian dua tre den trudmg, bd cdng sii:c nau mdn ngon cho tre Hdnh vi kiem sodt tdm ly: la nhiing hanh vi ma cha me thuc hien nham kiim soat trang thai cam xuc va suy nghT ctia tre Mpt sd vi du cua hanh vi kiim soat tarn ly cua cha me la lam eho tre xau hd va cam thay toi Idi vi mpt viee gi dd, hat hui tre neu tre khdng lam theo y mudn cua minh ma khdng khuyen khieh sir suy nghT ddc lap ctia tre, day dd tre tren quan diim phai lam cho tre sp thi mdi day dupe TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, Sd4 (217), 4-2017 67 Hanh vi nhit qudn: bao gdm viSc cha me dua nhihig nguyen tSc va tri nhimg nguyto tic dd mOt each thing nhit, Hanh vi nhit quan cung c6 thi bao g6m viec sir dimg svr trimg ph?t nghidm khic nhimg dugc sil dyng thdng nhat ddi vdi cic tinh huong vi ph^im Ngugc vdi nhat quan ve gion^ nhu phong each cua nhiing cha me dl dai - nudng chilu khong co quy dinh dS han chi hanh vi cua cac em, iing xir vdi c4c em theo cam tinh, mang tinh tmh hudng v^ khong thdng nhat 3.2 Anh hiring cOa phong each hdnh vi lam cha mf Sen Mc Siim nhan cdch vd hanh vi img xA cia tre Cac nghien ciiu tten nhdm khach thi phuong Tay cho ring, vl phuong dien hanh vi xa hpi, tte sdng ttong gia dinh ma bd me biit quan tam, im ap dong thiri cd kiem soat cai cd hf sd tu tin cao hom, cac em ciing thd hien su tin tudng vao nhimg ngudi khae nhiiu hon, co kha nang tu chu ttong nhiing tinh hudng khd chiu tdt hon va h§ so tti thdng minh cao hgn Nghien ciiu ciia Coplan, Reichel va Rowan (2009) tien hanh kiim tea mdi quan he gitta dac diim nhan each cua cha me, hanh vi ling xO eua cha me va kha nang tu chu, kiim soat cam xiie d eon cai da khing dinh mdi lien he mSt thiit giua htah vi lam cha me va kha nang kiem soat earn xiic d tte vi ni6n Nghien eiiu ciia Moscatelli va Rubini (2009) cho thay, tte song ttong gia dinh co bd me dta chu cd he sd tu tin cao hon, cac em cung thi hien su tm tudng vao nhOng ngudi khac nhieu hom, cd kha nang tu chu ttong nhimg tmh huong khd chiu tdt hon, tham chi cd he sd tti thong minh cao hem (Moscatelli va Rubini, 2009) Vl phucmg dien cam xiic, nghien cira cua Williams va cdng su (2009) da tim bing chiing khang dinh rang, phong each cha m? dl dSi - nudng chieu vdi tre giai do^n nha tee cd the dupe diing de du doan net nhan each lo au va cac rdi loan hanh vi hudng ndi khae d giai doan tieu hpc Hay nghien ciia cua Mandeep va cdng su (2011) chi mdi tuong quan thuan giOa phong each cha me ddc doan va net nhan each tram cam d con, ddng thdi chirng minh moi quan he tuong quan nghich giira phong each cha me nudng chilu va net nhan each teim cam d thieu nien Cdn bang chiing nghien ciiu tren nhdm khaeh thi phuong Ddng khing djnh rang, hanh vi lam cha me ctia phu huynh cac nude chau A cd su khac bidt so vol eac ly thuyit ciia phuong Tay d chd: (a) cha me ngudi chau A cd xu hudng sii dung nhiiu kiim soat hom doi vdi cai hp, (b) it thi hien mpt each true dien tinh cam ddi voi cai (nhu dm, hdn, khen nggi ) va (e) khdng khuyen khiehhd trp sir phat triin tir chu ddc lap cua cai nhiiu nhu cac bac cha me Tay Au (Chao, 2001) Ben canh do, cae bing chiing nghien ciiu thuc nghiem cung ehi nhimg tah hudng khac biet giua hanh vi img xii: ciia cha me va dac diem nhan each cua eon tre Vi du nhu nghien cihi cua Chen, Liu va TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So (217), - 20 i Li (2000) chiing minh ring, su ndng im cua cha me Trung Qudc dxf do4n f chi ddng CO va tich hpc tap a tee cao hon nSm sau thdi diem dinh gia NghiSn cim cua Hasebe va Nucci (2004) cho tiiiy, nhihig b$c cha m? sii dung su kiim soat qua mue, dac bip114 kiim soit vl tam ly c6 Mn quan vdi mdt ty le cao cac chiing roi lo?in htah vi cam xuc ct nhdm tte em Nhat Bto nhu cac net nhan each lo au va ttim ctai Mpt nghien cuai khac cua Liu (2003) ve htah vi cua cha me tt6n 2.000 tte sdng tai cdc viing ndng thon eua Trung Qudc cung chi rtag, viec cha me su dung nhieu hinh phat nghiem khac, mtag md, chi trich cai cd htah vi khdng mong mudn ty le thuan vdi cac roi loan hudng ndi va hudng ngo^i d eae em theo bao cao cua cha me Ngoai ra, nhihig hinh ph?t dtah cho trai thudng nghiem khic hom eon gai nen tac ddng tieu cue ciia hinh phjt ddi vdi gai nang nl hom vdi eon ttai, hay ndi each khac, tre teai bi trimg phat nang nl thi tac dgng tieu cue cOa hinh phjt khdng tah hudmg lau dai va nang nl nhu vdi eon gai Ci Vidt Nam, nghien eiiu ciia Trucmg Thi Khanh Ha (2012) da ket luan rang, phong each cha me dta chu lien quan den kha nang tu tin, tu trpng cua cai, ngupc lai phong each Itai cha me doe doto din din viec tre tu danh gia thip bta thta, thieu tu tin Tdm lai, cd thi ndi bang chung nghien citu tren khaeh thi phucmg Tay eho thay ed mdi quan he chat che giOa phong each lam cha me dan chu, hanh vi lam cha me am ap vdi nhimg net nhta each tich cue d tre Ngugc lai, phong each lam cha me ddc dota, bd mac hoac qua nudng chieu va nhOng htah vi lanh liing, thieu nhat quan va kiim soat cd lien he vdi rdi loan hanh vi nhu trdm cap, lira ddi, net nhta each tinh, bao lue ciing nhu cac van dd ctai xiic nhu lo au, tram ctai Nghien ciiu tren nhdm khach thi phuong Ddng ve co bta eung giong vdi cae nghien ciru di trude d phuong TSy, nhien mire dp tah hudng eua htah vi lam cha me kiem soat cam xiic, kiem soat hanh vi len tre it tieu cue hem, htah vi thta thien, ndng am ctia cha me ed anh hudng tich cue Idn hon anh hudng cila nhOng hanh vi teen nhdm tre phuong Tay su khae biet ve chuta muc htah vi lam cha me Ngoai ra, htah vi lam cha me d phuong Ddng ed the khac ddi vdi trai va gai va cd sy tah hudng eua eac biin nhta khiu hpc nhu teinh dp hpe vta len htah vi img xii eua cha me 3.3 Thuyet nhdn to Idn vi nhdn cdch va cdc net nhan cdch mat N, C Thuyet nhan td ldm cua nhta each (Big five model) hien dang dupe nhieu nha khoa hpe tag hd Dua tren thuyet nay, cac nha khoa hpc da xay dung nen thang NEO-PI ITnh vyc cua nhta each (mat N (Nhiiu tam), E (Hudng ngoai), O (Cdi md), A (Dl chip nhta) va C (Cd y chi phin diu)), mdi mat gdm chi sd phan Do gidi ban ve dieu kien thdi gian va quy md TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd4 (217), 4-2017 69 nghiSn ciiu mdi chi tap trung nghien cira mat nhta cich N va C cfing nhu c4c chi s6 thtah phin se dugc gidi thieu chi tilt dudi day MatN: (Neuroticism: Nhiiu tim) C4c tiiu thang hay tiiu trie nghi$m d mat tap trung dtah gia xu hudng mpt ca nhta di trii nghito nhiing tr?ng thai xiic etai va tmh ctai tieu eye, kem diiu chinh, kem thich nghi nhu sg hii, budn chta, lo au, liing tiing, hie gita, ty ti, tpi Idi, thit vpng Nhirng nguoi dat diim teic nghiem eao d mien cd su mit eta btog hoSc bat thucmg vl ttai thin Hp cd nhieu nguy ea mac mpt vai chiing rdi nhiiu ttai Iy Nhiing ca nhta dat diem teae nghiem thap d mien la nhOng nguai cd xiic ctai, tinh ctai dn djnh Hg thudng la nhihig ngudi bmh tuih, tinh tao, biit kiim chi, thta, thu gito Hg cd the iing phd co hieu qua vdi hiu het cac tinh hudng gay steess thudng gap ttong eudc sdng Mat N gdm net nhta each: Nl (Lo du); N2 (Gign da, thit dich); N3 (Trdm cdm); N4 (Ythirc ve hdn thdn); N5 (Xung ddng); N6 (Di hi thuang Idn) MatC: (Conscientiousness: Cd y chi phta diu) Nhiing ngudi cd diim cao tten thang thuong la nhOng ngudi thtah dat d hpe dudmg, ttong nghi nghiep nhung d mat ti6u eye, hg cd thi la nhOng ngudi khd tinh din mirc khd chju, ngta nip, teat tu mdt each thai qua hoSc nhirng ngudi chi biit cd cdng viec, qua ham me cdng viee NhOng ngudi cd diim cao la ngudi ti mi, cin tegng, diing gid va dtog tin Nhung ngudi cd diim thip khong nhit thiit la nhOng nguoi thieu cac nguyen tie dao diic, ma don gita hp la nhOng ngudi thieu nhiet tinh, thieu quyet ttoi teong viec nd lye dat muc dich cua bta thta Cd nhOng btag chiing ndi rtag, nhOng ngudi diim thip cd cai gi gidng nhu nhOng ngudi ham thich khoai lac, nhuc due Mat C gdm ed net nhta each: CI (Ndng hrc); C2 (Ngan ndp); C3 (Trdch nhiem, bdn phdn); C4 (Nd luc thdnh dgt); C5 (Ky ludi lir gidc); C6 (Than h-gng, cdn nhdc la luong) Ket qua nghien ciru Ddc diem nhdn cdch cua khdch thi nghien ciru: dO lieu nghien ciiu cho thay, hoc sinh teong nhdm khach thi nghien cim ed dac diim tinh each nhu: (a) cd nhu cau rat cao va Itoi viec cat Iuc dl dat muc dich ciia hp; (b) suy nghT cin thta tnroc hanh dpng va (c) cd kha ntog bit diu cac nhiem vu va kien tei thyc hien chtog chp den hota fhtah dii la cdng vice dd khdng hip din, thtai chi nhtai chta Dac diem hdnh vi img xir cua cha me: miu nghien cim nay, cha me cac em the hien nhiiu nhat cac dac diim chip nhan, gin giii cai, su dung nhOng hanh vi thi hien su quan tam va im ap eao Tiip din la cae htah vi nhat quta, bao gdm viec cha me dua nhOng nguyen tic va tri nhOng nguyen tac dd mdt each thong nhit Khi eon mic Idi, phin Idn eac bac cha me cd hinh thtic ky luat hgp ly, cha me thudng thdng nhit y kiln vdi tiln 70 TAP CHITAM LV HOC, So (217), - hanh ky luat cai Tuy nhien, vin cd mdt s6 cha me sii dung hinh thire ky Iu4t nhu ming chili hoac so stab vdi ngudi kh4c Moi tuang quan giira hdnh vi ting xir cira cha me vd cdc ddc diem nhdn cdch: sd lidu cho thiy nhiing gia dinh cha me chap nhan va gta gui, quan tam nhieu tdi cai thi tte thucmg cd nhihig net nhta each tdt nhu ngan nip, cd ij thitc, thtah dat va than ttpng (3 nhOng gia dinh cha me cd xu hudmg kiem spat thi cai cd xu hudng danh gia thap nang lyc bta than, it cd khd nSng irng phd vdi sttess, de phu thupc, thu dpng, thieu nilm tin, hay that vpng va hotag sp ddi mat vdi nhOng tinh hudng khd khan Cdn d nhung gia dinh cha me ed xu hudng khdng nhit quan each hanh xu thi cai cang hay gap nhung ndi Ip lang sg hai va cang khdng cd kha nang kiem soat nhiing ndi lo au (btag 2) Bang 2: Tuang quan Pearson giira cdc net nhdn cdch vd kieu hdnh vi idm cha me Nong am Kiem scat tam ly Nhat quan CI.Nang lire Net nhan each 0,130 -0,228* 0,111 C2 Ngan nap 0,237' 0,144 0,069 C3.Ytliiro 0,280" 0,101 -0,039 04 Thanh dat 0,205" 0,105 -0,002 05 Quy lie 0,149 0,131 -0,021 06 Than 0,218' -0,098 -0,089 N1, Lo au 0,024 -0,004 -0,212' N2 Hung tinh -0,074 0,094 0,159 N3 Tram cam -0,105 -0,003 -0,033 N4 Rut re -0,125 0,101 0,025 N5 Xung dong -0,089 -0,044 -0,057 N6 De ton thuong -0,281" 0,217' -0,131 Ghi chu: *:p -g -^ ^ :S •o E p o > •i3 '2 •c •n •c £ i -b p •o g •o ^ '-^ '-' ~ '•^ ^ 72 -| p p 5, > s •a •5 khong thong o •5 :g ^ •5 "O p •c •G E E E ^ •u u '2 p E '3 •S b •o •5 £ E U o U E jf E ;g '2 E E ^ '£ •o ^ ;j '•-' :^ :^ '_| ;_- • ^ ~ TAPCHI'TAMLVHOC, Sd'4 (217), - TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, S6 (217), - 73 Ngugc lai, xem xel mdi quan he giOa eae hinh thirc ap dung ky luat vdi mat tinh c4ch mjt N dugc truth bay ttong btag 3, ta thiy cac hinh thiic trimg phat njng nl vl eo thi va ctai xiic Itai tSng nguy ca cac vta d l htah vi cam xiic vk tinh dl ton thuang a tte Ngugc lai, nhChig htah vi trimg ph?t cd chimg mye, dugc can nhic va dugc tiln htah mgt cSch nhit quta se lam gitai nguy CO cac vin dl ctai xiic nhu lo Su, trtai cim (btag 4) Phdn tich hdi quy giUa hdnh vi ting xii cua cha me vd cdc ddc diein nhdn cdch cua con: dl lo?i tru sy tah hudng tuong tac giua cac bien s6, chiing tdi tiip tuc phan tich hdi quj; vdi cac bien phu thupc la chi sd thtah phin ciia mit C va chi sd thtah phin ciia mjt N Cac kilu htah vi cua cha me Kiem soat tkm 1^, Nhit quta va Ndng im dugc dua vao vdi vai tto la cac bien doe Ifip Trong sd 12 md hinh duge phta tich vdi 12 biin phu thuoc ttdn d4y, s6 lieu phta tich cho thiy ehi cd mo hinh hoi quy la co y nghTa thong ke va chiing dugc hiin thj di btag Bang 5: Md hinh hdi quy dtf bdo cdc net nhdn cdch mat N vd mdt C lir ddc diem kieu hdnh vi lam cha mf P IMo hinh co y Dghla thong ke l\fS hinh 1: Du bao Nang lire - R' = 0,092; F=3,91; t P 0,062 p