WFA NHlNRATHiGldl Tiep tuc iam viec - cuoc song co y nghia cua ngirdi cao tuoi Nhat Ban H6NGANH Qua trinb gia boa nhanh da gay nbOng kbd lib&n cho Chinh pbu ndi ridng va xa bdi Nb&t Bin ndi chung Thiiu hut lUc ludnglao ddng, kbi ning chi tri tbuiva cac khoin bio biim giim sg li nbOng thach thOc Idn cin phii giii quyet Cbmh vi tbi, kbuyin kblcb ngudi cao tuoi tiip tuc mm viSc duac xem nhu mdt nbOng bi$n pbap then chot digiii quySi cac thach thiic Vl u o ngoai cao tuoi Nhat Bin van tiep tuciim viec? Thac trang thieu hut lao dong dang la vfin de nan giai Nhfit Ban hi^n Vdi su phfit tri§n baft can doi ve nhan khfiu hoc - gia h6a dfin so va giam thi^u ty le tre sd sinh lac ludng lao d^ng xa hoi Nhfit Ban dang dflng trade sa thi^u hut trim ngu6n lao dong tre Vi0u Chinh sach vfi Dfio tao lao ddng Nhfit Ban du bfio, sff lao dpng ciia nudc nfiy se giam tii mflc 64 tri^u ngadi nfim 20H xuong 56 trieu ngadi vfio nfim 2030 vdi gia dinh cfic diiu kien kinh t^ vfi ty Ie tham gia vao lac lagng lao dong khong ddi vfio nam 2060 vfi brong tUdng lai, Nhfit Ban cd the mfi't tdi 27 tri^u lao d^ng ngu khdng cai thidn dupc ty 16 sinh hien dang vao mflc thfi'p nhfi't the gidi (chi CO X,4 tre trgn phu nfl) Chinh phu Nhfit Ban cung vita cdng bd dfl Mu cho thfiy, so'laang ngudi gifi trdn 80 tudi d nudc nfiy da vadt ngadng 10 tri^u ngadi Vfi nha vfiy, qudc gia cdng nghiep hda hfing dfiu the gidi dang phai dM didn vdi vd sd khd khfin xa hdi gifi hda mang den, nhu lfim thd nfio de giai quydt su say giam lac lupng lao dfng, hofic lfim dfi bao dam hf thing an sinh xfi hpi Cfiu tra Idi kha tM ma Chinh phu Nhfit Ban tim Trong dd theo du bao thay la d chi nfing cao ty If cua Chinh phu NhSit Ban, ngudi cao tuoi tham gia Iao nhflng ngadi tren 66 tud'i se dfng bdi canh khdng d chigm 60% dan so Nh^t Ban nguon lao dfng nhfip cu nhu 92 I S6ll9 (11-2016) nhiiu nfldc phfit trienn khfic ^^fc kfo dfii thdi gian lfim vifc trudc kM ngM hUu dupc cho Ifi rfi't d n thilt di giai quylt tinh trang nhdm ngUdi df tud'i lao ddng dang ngfiy cfing co hep phai "gfinh" nhdm ngudi gifi dang ngfiy cfing gia tfing ca v l s i lUpng vfi tuoi thp Giai quylt dupc tinh trgng nfiy se xii \f dupc sU suy giam lyc lupng lao ddng, thdm vfio dd, thu nhfp mfi ngudi lao ddng cao tuli cd dupc cung se gdp phin ho trp nhu d u nUdc NgUdi cao tuoi tilp tyc Ifim vifc d nghia Ifi t h u l nfp cho ngfin sach se nMlu hdn vfi vfy d them nguin hdn cho quj an si nhxa hfi, gdp phin giam nMlu ap lyc ddi vdi quy bao Mem xa hdi Theo d hfu cua Cyc Thffng ke Nhfit Ban, sS ngudi lao r d^ng tren 65 tam d Nhfit Ban dfi d?t mflc 7,8 trite ngadi Dim 2016, tuong dadng21,7% sd ngadi tudi nfiy Nam gidi Nhjt Ban thadng lfim viec cho ddn tudi 69, nhieu hon nfim so vdi cac nudc thudc Td chflc Hpp tac »i Phit tridn kinh te (OECD) vfi nhieu hon 10 nfim so vdi Phap IVidi nghi hau cila phi^ nfl Nhjt Ban Ifi 67, nhieu hdn nfim so vdi tudi nghi hau binh qufin cila nfl gidi d cfic nudc OECD NhJtBandfiap di^ng nhidu chinh sach sfing t^o dd thu hut ngfldi cao tuda tifip tuc lfim vi$c, Nhieu nhfi tuyen dung Nhfit Ban vfin thue ngadi cao tudi nha mdt ngudn Iao ddng gia tri Vi vfiy, nhflng ngadi g^n 80 tudi nhang vin lfim vide Ifi hien tapng kha phd bidn d d£t nadc "Mfit trdi mpc" mong mudn lfim vide sau tudi nghi hUu? Tra Idi cfiu hdi nay, Giao su trp giang Ph Kdn-bfich-chd (Florian Kohlbacher) tai Dai hpc Tfemple d Td-ky-6, cho bift, ngadi Nhat Ban khoe manh, sdng Ifiu lajt phap, Cao tuA nhiAig Idiong gia chinh sach doanh nghigp vjtrituivatMdijt khdng bdt kip de cd thd tfin Trade bdi canh ngfldi cao dung tudi thp cao cila hp tudi Nhat Ban tham gia thi Dp tudi 60 vin cdn rfft, rfi't tre tradng lao ddng cd ty le cao dNh4lt nh^t sd nhiJng nadc Vdi nhidu ngadi gifi d Nhat cflng cd tinh trang gifi hda Ban, cdng vide khdng phai Ifi "iianh, nhieu ngadi da dfit ganh nfing mfi Ifi nidm tfl hfio, cfiu hoi: Tai ngudi cao tudi niem vui cudc sdng Nhfit Ban vin tidp tuc vfi Dieu nfiy phfl hpp vdi gifi tri S6ll9 (11-2016)1 93 i NH)NRATHiGl6l van hda truye'n thong Nhfit Ban xem trpng gia tri lao ddng Nhfllig cu dng, cu bfi 80 tuoi d Nhat Ban vfin khdng ngfin nggi di lfim de tim mim vm ciang nhu them thu nhfip Vi vay, that ngMfp da giam xuing mflc thfij) nhat thfip men qua d Nhat Ban Nhieu ngfldi cao tuoi Nhat Ban hgnh phuc kM vfin lam viec Hp ndi dilu dd giup hp nfing cao sflc khde ca ve the chfi't va tinh thin Theo thd'ng ke ciia Chinh phu Nhfit Ban, ty If thfi't ngMfp d Nhfit Ban thang 1-2016 cM d mflc 3,3%, mflc thfip nhfi't 20 nfim qua, td't hdn d Dflc la nudc cd ty If that nghifp thfi'p nhfi't nhdm cac nfldc sit dung dong d-rd (Eurozone) vdi 4,3% So vdi cfic nudc phfit triln, ty 16 ngfldi cao tuoi Nhfit Ban tham gia Iyc lupng Iao ddng rfi't cao Ty If dfin ong tfl 60 64 tuoi tham gia lyc lupng lao ddng Ifi hdn 70%, gfi'p hdn hai Iln ty If cua I-ta-U-a hofic Phap Hifn nay, ty If lao ddng so' nam gidi thudc dp tuoi 60 - 65 d Nhat Ifi khoang 75%, cao hdn so vdi ty If nfiy d My (khoang 50%), d Dflc (khoang 30%) Mdt no luc tien phong chinh sfich huy dpng ngudi cao tuoi tiep tuc Ifim vifc Ifi vifc soat lai dao lufit ve sy on dinh vifc lfim cho ngudi cao tuli, bao dam 94 I S6n9 (11-2016) an ninh vifc lfim cho ngUdi lao ddng d o den tud'i 65 Lufit khien sU tham gia Iflc lupng Iao ddng cua ngUdi cao tuoi df tuli 60 - 64 tfing len, ty 16 t h i t ngMfp nhdm tuoi giam di T\iy nMen, vfin de la lam the nao tang dUpc sd' lUpng ngfldi cao tuli tham gia lue lupng lao ddng ma khdng lam eho ngUdi cao tuoi mfi't di hflng thu lfim viec Ty 16 vifc lfim cua ngfldi cao tuoi cung thay dli theo tiing khu vyc Thanh cfing Idn thi ty If cang cao Ching hgn, ty If vifc lam cua ngfldi cao tuoi d Td-ky-6 cao nhfi't vdi 40,7% Ifi nam gidi va 21,5% la nfl gidi dang lam viec Na-ga-xa-M la ndi cd ty 16 vifc lam cua ngUdi cao tuoi thfip nhfi't vdi 19,2% la nam gidi vfi 10% Ifi nfl gidi Iyc lupng lao ddng Logi hinh nghe nghifp mfi dan dng cao tuoi thudng xuyen lfim nhfi't Ifi nghi thu cdng va che tao san xufi't, sau dd Ifi nhflng cdng vifc nganh ndng, lfim, ngu nghifp, cdng nhan ky thugt, quan I^, vien chflc Luong hUu cd anh hudng sau sfic den dilu Mfn Mnh t l d a nhfli^ ngudi cao tuli Ty 16 cd vifc lam cua nhfllig ngudi dupc nhfn lUdng hUu thSfp hdn ty If nhflng ngUdi khdng dupc hfldng lUdng huu Ngudi cao tuoi lfim vifc chu yeu dl Mim diig, nhUng cho dfl khdng d n kilm sd'ng, hp cung khdng mumi ve hflu df rdi bd d n g vifc cua minh Ly cMnh Ifi ngfldi cao tudi mud'n lam vifc de cd sy thoai mfii ve tinh thin, de cd nhiing mdi quan hf than tMf n vdi cac ddng nghifp va d l tham gia d c hogt ddng xa hdi D6 Ifi mdt nhiing ly Chfnh phu Nhfit Ban da quye't dinh nang tuoi nghi hflu 16n 65 tuli vao nfim 2025 so vdi 62 tuli nfim 2016 Vai tro tfch ciTc cda Chmh phd va doanh nghi£p Chinh phli Nhfit Ban vfi cac cdng ty da xuc tifn nMlu bien phfip giai quylt vifc Ifim khac de ngudi cao tuoi cd t h i tiep tyc dflpc tham gia lyc lupng lao dfng nhim lip di sy khuyet Iao ddng tre thay thf', dUa nhieu sang kien de khuyin khich ngUdi eao tuoi tilp tyc lfim vifc sau tuoi ngM huu Viec thdng qua lufit vl cfic bifn phap thflc dly lao dfng nfim 1966 da trd mpt flu tien de trd giflp ngUdi Iao ddng cao tuoi gfin din tuli ngM huu tim dupc vifc Ifim mdi sau nghi huu Nfim 1971, Chinh phu Nhfit Ban ban hfinh lufit vl l n djnh vifc lam cho ngudi cao tuli hifn dfiy vin Ifi sfing kiln chinh sach d f nghia nhfit •f- hen quan d m sU hd tard ngudi lao ddng cao tuoi cua Chmh phu nfldc Sy sita doi nfim 2002 vdi lufit nam 1971 yeu d u chu doanh ngMfp phai thyc Men cac budc di bao dam thue ngUdi lao ddng cho din it nhat la tuoi 65 Siia doi nfiy ciing dupc thyc hifn vdi cfic chinh sach da dang nhfim cung d p cho lao ddng trung mfin cac dich vu tu vSii de d cd hdi d vifc lam sau kM ngM hUu Mdt troi^ so nhflng d f l p i ^ cung dupc cung cS" Dfic bift, trinh dflpc bieiE den rdng rai la trudc tinh hinh nhflng ngudi Chfldng trinh b y d p thflc dly cao tuoi Nhat Ban vfin cd tiifldng mai ciia ngfldi cao tuoi dfng cd lam vifc d mflc dp cao vfi cac cd hdi tfl lam chu nhflng nMlu ngudi sd' Chfldng trinh trp d p d o hp d le khdng t b l dam nhgn mpt nhdm hao gom it nhfit cdng vifc thdi gian ca ngfiy lao ddng d dp tuoi 45 hogc cao kM d tuoi gin 70 nhflng hdn Ifi nhflng ngfldi d ke dieu Men vl sflc khde va tfim h o a d tao cd hfi viec lam ly, d e trung tam nguon nhan cho nhflng ngfldi cao tuoi luc bgc (Silver Human khac Sfl hd trp cui^ diWc trao Resources Centers) da dupe cho nhfllig ngfldi cao tuoi tMet Ifip d nMlu phd' Ifip dflpc ngfinh kinh doanh dl tao cd hdi vfi sfin sfing cung Sau kM lufit 1971 dudc sita mdi, sii dung Mnh nghiem ciia d p nhflng cdng vifc ban thdi hp viec tao nhflng gian hofic tinh nguyen Nhflng doi vfio nfim 2004, Chinh phu Nhfit Ban bit dfiu ho trp d o d n g vifc mdi va cd hdi vifc trung tam nfiy k^ giao udc vdi chu doanh ngMfp ciing vdi lam cho ngfldi cao tuoi cfic xi ngMfp vfi cac cfi nhfin ngUdi Iao dfing, ching ban Ben cgnh cfic bifn phap, ve vifc lam tam thdi hofic nhu cung d p tham vfi'n vfi hd nhfl sfl dung lao ddng nfl vfi ngfin ban vdi tfi't ca cac loai trp tfii chinh dl thuc dly chu sit dyng luc lupng lao ddng vifc lfim tfl dpn dep, lfim vudn, doanh ngMfp thue ngudi cao ngudi nudc ngofii, Chinh phti lfim CO, thd mfc din nhfin tuoi lam vifc Su ho trd tfii Nhfit Ban da siia dd'i "Uiat vl vifin, thu k^ vfin phdng, quan cMnh nfiy dupc cung d p vifc lam ciia ngfldi cao tuoi" Iy, ky sfl Chinh sach trp d p thong qua cfic chUdng trinh thfinh TiUat vl In dinh viec ngM hflu cung dang dflpc trp d p da dang, Ifi cac lam cua ngUdi Iao ddng cao CM'nh phu Nhfit Ban xem xet dUdng trinh dupc thilt k l tudi , bao dam quyin Igi dl phu hpp vdi nhflng thay dl tgo cfic nd lyc Idn hdn lfim vifc cho nhiing ngudi tren dli Mfn vfi'n dl sil tfl chu doanh nghifp 55 tuoi Lufit nfiy cung nhfiii dung lao dfng cao tuoi vifc tilp tuc sit dyng ngudi mgnh vifc yeu d u cfic d n g ty VI pMa cac cdng ty, dl cd Iao dfng cao tuoi vfi thuc dly kfio dfii tuoi vl hUu bfit budc sy tiep cfin nhilu hdn vdi vfi thuf mudn Igi nhflng ngfldi the giai quylt dflpc nhu clu ngfldi lao ddng cao tuoi Dl cao tuoi cd nfing lyc, kinh cua cdng ty la d n nhflng khuyen kM'ch chu doanh ngMfm tgi cac d n g ty Mfn ngfldi ed kinh nghifm va ogMf p sii dpjig chUdng trinh tgi hofic tfl cac d n g ty cM nhflng kha nfing dfic bift, trp d p Mfiu qua, Vfin phdng nhanh cho den khoang 65 khdng cd Iao ddng tre thay Chinh phu Nhfit Ban dfi trao tuoi Nhflng dich vu cua cac the, cac cdng ty thfldng fip tiiudng d n g khai d o mdt s i vfin phdng tfl vaii viec lfim dyng hai bifn phap, dd Ifi d n g ty dogt giai cac Mifim dly manh vifc d m gia thyc Mfn k l hogch kdo dfii cufc thi k i t ndi vdi cfic nhfip Igi thi trfldng lao dpng thdi hgn thuf mfldn vfi k l hogch thue mudn Igi Hifn dfldng trinh nfiy d a ngudi cao tuli that nghifp nay, so cac cdng ty cd s d n g (11-2016)1 95 ^NHlN RA T H £ G I I c h l df tuoi ve hUu bit budc, cd 67% thyc Mfn ke hoach k d dai thdi gian thue mfldn va/ h d c thue mudn lai (13,8% cM cd k l hoach kfio dai thdi gian thud mudn, 46% cM cd ke hoach thud mudn lai, vfi 7,2% ap dung ca hM each) l\iy nMen, d c cdng ty Nhfit Ban deu dUa nhflng dieu Men tuyen chpn doi vdi lao ddng cao tuoi, cy t b l d hai dilu Mfn chinh sau: TbU nhfi't, nhiing klhogeh cM md rfng cho nhiing ngUdi Iao ddng dap ling nhflng tieu chuin cy t h i cua d n g ty dd dfit TbU bai, k l h o a d nfiy nhfim vfio nhflng ca nhfin dupc xem Ifi d n tMlt cho cfic hogt ddi^ d a d n g ty Lufit ve dn dinh vifc lfim cho ngfldi cao t u ^ , d Mfu lyc tiK nam 2013, cung yfiu d u cac d n g ty tMlt Ifip cac dUdng trinh can tMet de giit Igi nhflng lao dpng muln lfim vifc sau tuli 65 vfi tfi't ca cfic cdng ty cua Nhfit Ban se phai thyc Mfn hofin toan luft trUdc nam 2025 Nhilu cdng ty Idn cua Nhfit Ban da rfi soat lai cac chinh sach tuyln dung d l phfl hpp vdi ngfldi lao ddng cao tudi Vi du, cfic cdng ty, nhu Daiwa House Industry Co., Trusco Nakayama Corp va Tokyu Livable, Inc da thyc hifn cae bUdc di theo hfldng md rdng hpp ding vfi cac cd hfi lfim vifc cho nhflng Thang 4-2016, hfing san ngUdi d tuoi 70 Nhilu ngfinh xufi't d-td Hon-da da nfing Mnh doanh nhd cung cung tuli ngM hUu cua ngudi Iao cfip cd hfii vifc lfim nhilu ddng Ifn 65 tuoi vfi trd thfinh hdn cho ngUdi cao tuli mft nhflng cdng ty Idn Hifn nay, rfit nMlu cdng ty nhfi't Nhfit Ban tien phong Nhat Ban dang thUc Mfn vifc thyc hifn hfinh ddng dfip gifl chfin ngUdi lao ddng cao flng vdi qua trinh gifi hda tudi bfing each cung cfi'p phuc dan si NMlu d n g ty d Nhfit Idi cho nhflng Iao ddng nfiy Ban cung bfit dfiu cd chinh Ke hoach "Idi kdo" lao ddng sach tuyln dyng nhan cfing cao tuoi rfii linh hogt, tren tudi 65 Mft bao cao ciia bao gom d cfic cd hdi dfio tgo Thdng tfi'n xfi Nhfit Ban giai d o nhflng ngudi d dp tuli 50 tMch, cM'nh sach tuyen dung 70 muon dgt dupc bfing d p Ifi cfic cdng ty muln cao hdn Nhilu cdng ty dfi khai thfic kinh nghifm lfim thay doi khdng gian lfim vifc, vifc dli dfio, kha nfing lfim Ifip dfit ghi ngoi tifn Ipi hpn, vifc tfip tbl vfi Min thflc sfiu hf thong finh sang tft hdn di sfic cua nhflng ngfldi lao dap flng dflpc nhu clu ciia dpi dfng cao tuli Ben cgnh dd, ngu nhfin vifin cao tuli I S d l (11-2016) Khong cM giai quyft vlii d l tMlu hut lao ddng, vifc ngfldi cao tud'i tifp tuc di lfim se giup giam ap lyc 16n hf thd'ng phuc lpi xa hfi t d c h nMfm khdng cM thudc ve xa hpi mfi d i a diu d o d c d n g ty tuyln dyng Vl pM'a ngudi lao dfng, vifc cd mft d n g vifc d tuli trfn 60 khdng cM giup hp trd nen nfing ddng, sdiig cd ieh mfi cdn giup ngUdi gifi Mfm thdm thu nhfip Ngofii ra, dl cd dUpc vfi tri nhflng kha nfing I d i n dcS vdi cac cdng ty khdng quan tam dfn tuoi tac, chinh nhflng ngudi lao ddng d n tMlt phai chfim lo den dieu kifn sflc khde cua hp vfi phat triln nfing lyc d a ndnh Dfic bift hdn ca Ifi cfic cdng ty dang hfldng tdi d f dp tuyln dung tu tuoi tfic vfi xda bo chf dp tuli vl hUu bit budc Cd ngMa la nfu cfin cfl vfio thfinh tich vfi nfing Iyc lfim vifc cua mdi ca nhfin dl tra lUdng vfi dUa sy dai ngf tM du ngudi lao ddng c6 tuli cflng khdng d n phai ngM viec, dd tuoi ngM hUu s6 trd ndn khdng d n tMft nfla Vdi xu hudng nhu vfy nhflng ngudi cao tuli ed ham muln vfi nfing Iyc lao dfng ed t h i Ifim vifc, dilu nfiy vfla Ifi mim hgnh phdc ciia hp vfi cung vfla gdp phfin gifij quyg^ d c vfi'n d l tfii chinh cua Chinh phu I TRITONG CAO D A N G KINH it KY THUAT TP.HCM (HOTEC) PHAN B A U T R P THANH MOT TRUUNG TRONG DI^M KHU VlfC DONG NAM A Trt^tng Cao ding Kinb tS' • Ky thuit TRBCM la bj^ng cong lap, aim troagbe tbSngcac tn/dngdai bpc cao ding caa ca aa&e, dt/ac dSit&n tif tmdng Cao dSng Kinb tg • Ky tbuat Pbu Lim tbeo Quygi dinb S04832/QD-BGDDT agay2410-2014 caa Bg tn/AigBg Giao dac va Dao tao Vdi mxic ti6u: 'mang lai cho hoc ainh, ainh vi&i v& ogudi lao dpng Dh9i% CO h^ hoc t|ip cac ky nftng, Hgn thdc v4 ktah nghi$m nfaiiffl nang cao eii tz| ban thas dl smig ^ Um vi$c tcit hon mftt nin kinh t^ mdi - hfli iiM>p vi UAn c^u mdT, 1£ ndi cung cfi'p agaoa nhSn loc cd du p h ^ cb£t cung trang thi^ hi hien dai, giup chinh trj tu cAch d^o diitt, cd trtnh dp HSSV cd dupc mdi tnidng hoc tip ning chuyftn mfin, nghiep vu dap tog nhu ddng, gan ket thuc tiin T r u ^ c o n g da dupc Ba GD&Bi: SA GD&DT du phat tri& cua xa hfll TEC thloh l^p nam 199S cho TP.HCM dong y cho ph*p mo nginh