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VI BAO LLJC HOC DUONG CUA HOC SINH HANH ThS Pham Minh Thu Vien Tdm ly hoc • TOM TAT Nghien ciiu tren mdu gdm 198 hoc sinh tren khSi Idp 7, vd 11 Igi mot sd trudng THCS vd THPT tren dia bdn phd Hd Chi Minh vd phd Hd Noi cho thdy hdnh vi bao luc hoc dudng xdy a mite thdp, dd hdnh vi xay nhiiu nhdt la got ban bing biel hieu, chui, cdi cd y idm cho ngudi khdc dau long Nghien cim ciing lim mot sd md hinh du bdo cd the idm gidm hdnh vi bao luc hoc dudng cua hoc sinh Tir khoa: Hdnh vi bao luc hoc dudng Ngdy nhdn bdi- 11/4/2016; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/4/2017 ABSTRACT A survey of 198 students of 7th 8th 9th and 11th grade at some secondary and schools in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi city showed a low rate of students who res violence School violent beha\'iors among students occurred at /ow lever The most violent behaviors were name calling, scolding quan-elling making others hurt inten The study also found some models which could reduce student violent behaviors Keywords: School violent behaviors Mffdiu Hanh vi bao luc la mot dang hanh vi xa hdi, hudng den viec cd y gay nhirng hau qua lieu cue cho ngudi khac Hanh vi bao lire hpc ducmg cung mang ban chat nhu vay nhung khac ve ddi lugng Dd la hanh vi cd y gay tdn hai hoac cd kha nang gay tdn hai ve the chat, linh than, kinh le cua hoc sinh/nhdm hgc sinh ddi vdi hgc sinh/nhdm hgc sinh khac, dii d hay d ngoai trucmg hgc Tai Viet Nam, tren eac phuang lien thdng tin dai chiing, nhirng hinh anh va tin tuc ve hanh vi bao luc giOa hgc sinh da lan tran Sir iirng xu thieu nhan va su vd cam cua ca hgc sinh tham gia hanh vi bao lire va hgc sinh chirng kien hanh \i bao luc dang la mdi quan tam ciia rat nhieu gia dinh va nha trudng Bao luc hgc dudng da trd thiinh ndi tran trd cua toan xa hdi bdi hau qua nghiem trgng ma nd gay 54 TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd (218), 5^2017 Trong nhiing nam gin day, vin di hanh vi bao lire hgc dudng d i dugc cae nha khoa hgc ca va ngoai nude quan tam va nghien eiiu d nhieu gdc khac nhu Xa hdi hgc, Giao due hgc, Tam ly hgc Nhihig nghien cuu dugc t$p trung d nhiJng ndi dung chinh sau: - Thuc trgng hdnh vi bgo lire hgc duang ciia hoc sinh Nhiiu nghien cuu da chi ring, hanh vi bao lire d hgc sinh xay kha phd biin Cd 3/4 sd hgc sinh tham gia true tiip vao bao luc hgc dudng, dd hgc sinh la nan nhan chiim ty le Idn hon gap lan so vdi hgc sinh gay bao lire va cd d ca hai gidi (Nguyin Thj Hoa, 2014) Cac hanh vi bao luc kha phd bien va da dang d hpc sinh THCS nhu: tay chay, ed lap, de dga ndi xau, tung tin ddn, lang ma, si nhuc, danh dap, Iran lot, diing tan cdng (Le Minh Nguyet, 2012); dd, hinh thiic bao lire tinh thin phd bien nhat d hgc sinh THPT nhu ggi ban bang biet hieu, treu chgc, ndi xau {Nguyen Thi Hoa, 2014) Nhieu nghien cim ciing da nhan thay nhirng khac biet ve hanh vi bao lire d hgc sinh theo gidi tinh, trinh giao due Nam nien hpe sinh chai trd choi true tuyen va trinh giao due thap se cd hanh vi bao lire cao (Nguyen Thi Phuang Thao va Cao Hao Thi, 2012) Cd su khac biet hanh vi giiy han cda hpc sinh nir vdi hgc sinh nam Cae em nu thudng tham gia vao cac dang giiy han gian tiep nham lam nan nhan tdn thuong ve mat tinh than nhieu hem la tham gia vao eac dang gay han true tiep, khien nan nhan dau dem ve mat the xac (Hoang Xuan Dung, 2010) Ket qua cGng dugc Ihay nghien ciru cda Nguyen Thi Hoa (2014), loai hinh bao luc tinh than phd bien hon d hgc sinh nG, bao lire the chat phd bien hgn d hgc sinh nam - Cdc yeu td dnh hudng den hdnh vi bao lire hoc dudng ciia hoc sinh Lien quan den nhirng dac diem ca nhan cua hpc sinh la ngudi gay bao luc va hpc sinh la nan nhan, J.L Ireland va J Archer, Tran Thi Minh Dire, Le Minh Nguyet vii Nguyen Thi Hoa da vc nen chan dung cua ngudi gay bao luc va nan nhan vc dac diem tinh each, mong mudn Ke bat nat (va ke bi bat nat - nan nhan) cd xu hucmg it quy trpng ban than minh hem ngudi khac Ket qua la hp thucmg ed hanh vi gay han de xay dung hinh iinh ban than Cudi cimg, ke bat nat va ke bi bat nat tin rang, each lot nhat de dap trii lai bat nat la gay hin vi nghi ring gay hin vdi ngudi khieu khieh minh se lay dugc su ton trpng ciia ngudi khac va nhu thi hg cam Ihay lot hem (J.L Ireland va J Archer, 2002) Trong ngudi bit nat thucmg cd tinh each ddc doan, cae em thucmg dua ddi, chay Iheo vai chit, thich lam ngudi Idn thich hpc tap nhttng nhan vat anh hiing phim hanh dpng Cac em cOng la nhihig dira tre cd dac tinh bdc ddng, thing tri thiiu sir cam thdng mudn trd Irung tam su chii y cd nhimg thai khdng lanh manh vi TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (218), - 2017 55 bao luc (Trin Thj Minh Dire, 2010); tam ly tu danh gia eao ban than, chua cd kha nang kiim soat cam xuc tdt (Le Mmh Nguyet, 2012) va tinh ndng (Nguyin Thi Phucmg Thao va Cao Hao Thi, 2012) Thdng thudng nhiing em la nan nhan cua tinh trang gay hin trudng hgc la nhimg em yiu dudi vi thi ciiit, rut re, nhilt nhat, khdng ed ky nang giao tiip hay ky nang kit ban nen it ban be (Trin Thj Minh Dire, 2010) Nhiing dae diim sinh hgc, dac diem tam ly ca nhan chiu anh hudng cua cae yiu td tam ly xa hdi khac se cd nguy eo tham gia hanh vi bao lire hgc dudng vdi cac vai trd khac nhau: la nan nhan, la ngudi gay bao luc hay la ngudi thudc nhdm hdn hgp nan nhan - gay bao lire (Nguyin Thi Hoa, 2014) Lien quan din yiu to gia dinh: Nhieu nghien ciru da eho thay, gia dinh cd anh hucmg rit nhiiu tdi hanh vi bao lire ciia hgc sinh, tap trung d dac diem gia dinh, phong each giao due va sir nhin nhan ve hanh vi bao luc cua cha me Thai va su dng hd cua cha me ddi vdi hanh vi bao lire (M.I Singer, F Kaya va H Bilgin, 2011); tim gucmg khdng chuan muc cua cha me, phong each giao due thiiu khoa hgc, thieu sir quan tam, su ngheo nan Uong giao tiep, each img xir mang tinh bao luc cua cac vien gia dinh (Le Minh Nguyet, 2012) cung cd nhung tae ddng den hanh vi bao luc cua Nghien ciru ciia Tran Thi Hdng (2013) cho thiy, viec di hpc va sir gan ket manh cua gia dinh la nhirng yeu td lam giam kha nang tu tap gay rdi eua thieu nien Hoan ciinh, tinh hudng cung cd nhirng anh hudng den hanh vi bao luc ciia hgc sinh Trong hoan canh binh thucmg, it su khieu khieh, hpc sinh nam cd xu hudng thuc hien cac hanh vi gay han nhieu hon hgc sinh nir Nhung hoan canh bi xiic pham hpc sinh nir ciing thuc hien cac hanh vi gay han cd linh chat bao lire dc "tra dGa" ddi phucmg (Hoang Xuan Dung, 2010): sire ep cua nhdm ban ve viec lu lap gay rdi (T>an Thi Hdng, 2013); sir dung rugu bia (Tran Thi TIdng, 2013; Wendy Marsh Buzy, Renee McDonald, Hrnest N Jouriles Paul R Swank David Rosenfield Jennifer S Shiraek va Deborah Corbiu-Shindler 2014) cd lien quan tdi viec trd ngudi gay bao luc hoac nir trd nan nhan bao luc ca ve the chat va linh due bdi nam gidi Lien quan den quan niem va truyen thdng: Mac dii gidi truyen thdng giai thich rUng viec dua cac thdng tin ndi chung va tin lire lien quan den hanh vi bao lire ndi rieng deu luan theo ciic su kien dang dien nhung \ iec dua tin na>' cung gian liep khuxcin khieh bao lire hgc dudng (J Brown va P Munn 2008), Dieu tra anh hudng ciia vice iing hp ddi vdi niem tin vc bao luc dua tren nhirng chuan muc nam linh gay hin va hanh vi ddng tinh tren tre vi nien Kit qua cho lha\' mpl sd thdng Iin xa hoi da iing hd cho niem tin \'a su phii hgp viec gay han ddi vdi Ihanh nien, nhit la ddi vdi nam (V Paul Poteal Michael S Kimmel va Riki Wilchins 2011) 56 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (218) - Ngoai cac yiu td tren, mot sd yeu td khac nhu: hgc sinh tham gia trd ehoi true myin cd tinh chit bao luc (Nguyin Thj Phuong Thao va Cao Hao Thi, 2012), tiip xuc vdi bao luc qua khii (M.I Singer, F Kaya va H Bilgin, 2011) sg du bao dugc hanh vi bao lire tuong lai Tdm lai, nhiing nghifin eilu ca va ngoai nude da de cap tdi thuc Brang va cac yiu td anh hudng tdi hanh vi bao lire eua hoc sinh Mot sd nghien eiiu cua Viet Nam dugc tiin hanh tren ddi tugng hgc sinh tir cac trudng dai tra, d thi va ndng thdn ma chua cd tren ddi tugng hgc sinh tir cac trudng diim thudc cip trung uong da di cap tdi cae yeu td giao due eda gia dinh, the hien qua phong each giao due nhung chua tim hieu den nhiing ndi dung giao due (nhu giao due tinh yeu thuang); tim hiiu yeu td giao due eua gia dinh qua lang kinh cda phu huynh nhung chua tim hieu yeu td qua lang kinh cua hpc sinh Cd the, gdc nhin cua cha me va gdc nhin cua eon cai (hgc sinh) cd nhiing diem khac Nhiing diim trdng la ggi y cho nghien cim ciia Vi vay, nghien cim dugc tien hanh nham muc dich tim hieu: 1/ Thuc trang hanh vi bao luc hgc dudng ciia hgc sinh; 2/ Hanh vi bao luc cda hgc sinh cd mdi quan he nhu nao vdi cac yeu td nhu giao due cua gia dinh, sir gidp va ddng cam eda hgc sinh? Phirgng phap nghien cuu Mdu nghien ciru Mau khach the nghien ciiu gdm 198 hgc sinh tren khdi Icip 7, 8, va 11 tai mpt sd trudng THCS va THPT tren dia ban Ha Ndi va phd Hd Chi Minh Khao sat dugc thuc hien vao nam 2015, dd cd 40,4% sd hpe sinh nam, 59,6% sd hpc sinh nu; 47,9% sd hpc sinh thudc dia ban Ha Npi va 52,1% sd hgc sinh thudc dia ban phd Hd Chi Minh Cong cu nghien cuu Phuang phap chinh dc Ihu Ihap thdng tin la bang hdi Cac thang duge xay dung bao gdm: - Thang Hdnh vi bao hrc gdm 12 menh de dua tren hai lieu chi: dac diem cua hanh vi bao lue va hau qua ciia hanh vi bao luc Dd la cac hanh vi bao luc dac trung chc) ludi hgc trd gdm loai: bao iuc tinh thin vdi menh di nhu hanh vi ggi ban bang biel hieu xau Ircu chgc, chi giiu ; bao luc thi chit: menh di nhu hanh vi dam da xd day; bao lire kinh ti I menh di nhu hanh vi liy tiin cd y lam hdng dd cua ngudi khac va bao luc tinh due: I menh di nhu hanh vi tan tinh, treu ghco cd tinh chat quay rdi linh due M(5i menh di diu cd phuang an tra Idi img xdi cac mirc diem: I diem - chua bao gid lain; diim - it lam; diim thinh thoang lam: diem - lam nhiiu lan Diim hanh \i bao lire dugc linh bing TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd (218) 5-2017 trung binh cdng ciia cac menh di phan Nhu vay, theo thang diem nay, diem so ma ca nhan dat dugc cang cag thi mile dp thuc hien hanh vi bao lire cang cao Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbaeh cua thang = 0,85 - Thang Gido due ciia cha me ve tinh yeu thucmg cho cdi gdm menh di xoay quanh ndi dung nhu cha me nhae nhd, cham sdc mgi ngudi gia dinh dm dau; biit giup dd, yeu thuong mgi ngudi; khuyen khieh, khen nggi vdi nhiing biiu hien quan tam/chia se Diem eda thang dirge tinh bang trung binh cdng cila cac menh di sau da doi diem cac menh de nghich dao Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbaeh cila thang = 0,71 - Thang Hdnh vi giup dd ciia hgc sinh gdm 12 menh de de cap tdi hanh vi chu ddng trg giup thay ngudi khac gap khd khan; tham gia cac hoat ddng tinh nguyen; td thai benh vuc thay ngudi khac bi ddi xir bat cdng Diim ciia thang dugc tinh bang trung binh cdng cua cac menh de Do tin cay Alpha ciia Cronbaeh eda thang = 0,82 - Thang Ddng cdm Toronto gdm 16 menh de Spreng va cac ddng nghiep xay dirng (2009), la nhung bieu hien ciia sir ddng cam nhu cam nhan, quan tiim va thau hieu vdi ciim xuc cila ngudi khac: dau budn vdi nhirng ndi dau, vui vdi niem vui ciia ngudi khac,., Sau phan tich tin cay, menh di bi loai bd bdi cd tuong quan yeu vdi loan bd thang Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbaeh cua thang (gdm 13 menh de) = 0,75 Diem ciia thang la trung binh egng eua cac menh de sau da ddi diem cac menh de nghich dao Phdn tich so lieu Cac phep thdng ke sau dupe su dung nghien ciru nay: - Phan tich md ta: De tim hieu thirc trang hanh vi bao lire hpe dudng cua hpc sinh, chiing tdi su dung phep ty le % va gia tri diem trung binh, dp lech chuan ciia tirng menh de va loan thang Trong mot sd phep phan tich, bien sd hanh vi bao lye dugc bien ddi tir phuong an tra Idi nhu da trinh bay d tren phuang an "'chua bao gid thuc hien" va "cd thirc hien" - Phan tich so sanh: De tim hieu sit khac biet eda hanh vi bao luc hgc dudng thec5 cac bien sd, chiing tdi su dung phep T-test tren bien ed phuang an (bien sd gidi tinh eda hgc sinh, dia ban khao sat, hdn nhan va trinh dp hgc van ciia cha me) - Phan tich mdi tuong quan va hdi quy: Phan tich mdi tuong quan dugc ap dung de kiem chung mdi quan he giira hanh vi bao lire hpe dudng cua hpc sinh vdi mpt sd yeu td nhu sir giao due ciia cha me, hanh vi giiip dd va sir ddng cam cua hpc sinh 58 TAP CHI TAM Vi HOC, Sd (218), - 2017 Di tim hiiu mile dp tae dgng cua cac yiu td, nghien cim sii dung md hinh hdi quy tuyin tinh dem biin va da biin Md hinh hdi quy don bien va da bien deu dam bao cac diiu kien nhu biin phu thuge (hanh vi bao lire) cd phan bd chuin va cd tuong quan giiia biin ddc lap (hanh vi giup dd cua hgc sinh, su giao due eua cha me va su ddng cam cila hgc sinh) va bien phu thudc Md hinh hdi quy da bidn dam bao cac diiu kien, khdng ed hien tugng da cdng tuyin (d = 1,971; d ca yeu td Giiip do, Giag due va Ddng cam diu cd dung sai > 0,1) Ket qua nghien cihi / Thitc trgng hanh vi bgo luc hoc dtrdng cua hoc sinh * Thuc trgng hdnh vi bgo luc hgc dudng Thue trang hanh vi bao lye cua hgc sinh trudng hpc dugc the hien d cac khia canh sau: hanh vi bao lye, loai hanh vi bao lye nao la phd biin/khdng phd bien d hpc sinh (cu the: hgc sinh cd/khdng tham gia hanh vi nao, tham gia hanh vi dd nhieu hay it, loai hinh hanh vi nao thudng gap hon), sd lugng hanh vi ma hpc sinh thuc hien Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay nhiing diem dang luu y sau: - Nhin chung, d tat ca eac hanh vi bao lye deu cd sy thyc hien ciia hpc sinh (ty le %> hpc sinh cd hanh vi bao luc dugc thay d tat cii cae menh de), my nhien, mirc dp xay cua cac hanh vi d mirc Ihap (DTB = 1,61/4) Dieu eho thay, hanh vi bao lye hpc ducmg ciia hpc sinh ddi vdi ban it xay - Mgt sd hanh vi bao lye xay nhieu han nhu ggi ban bang biel hieu xiu/dua ban lam trd diia (DTB = 2.37): Chui, cai (DTB = 2,28); Cd y ndi nhirng Idi lam ngudi khac dau Idng (DTB = 1,99) Ty le sd hgc sinh thyc hien cac hanh vi nhieu hon so vdi eac hanh vi khac (Mn lucjl la: 81.1%); 80,2%i; 67,9%)) Thdng qua viec tim hieu, cd thi; thay, ten xau ma hpc sinh thudng xuyen gpi ban lien quan den dac diem ve hinh the (bcjo trdn ); tinh each (de, bua); kit qua hpc tap (ngu ) Nhirng dac diem Ihudng dugc ngim hieu cd linh chit khdng tdt dep va hanh vi Ihudng dugc sir dung liiu dai, tham chi trd nen phd bien Nan nhan ciia hanh vi liic dau, ed the cam thiy tuc gian nhung sau thay quen hoac thay 11 di, khdng cdn cam giac gl vi biet hieu dd nua T'rong dd, nhung ddi tugng Ird n^n nhan ciia hanh vi chiri, cai bi lam dau Idng la nhung em yiu dudi ve thi chat, rut re, nhut nhat thiiu ky nang giao tiip hay kit ban nen it ban be (Trin Thi Minh Dire 2010) vii sc3 Ire em bi bit nat t\ Ic tre ma gia dinh cd dieu kien kinh li khd khan cao hon Ire em ma gia dinh CO dii-u kien kinh Ic kha (Cenlikaya va ddng sy 2009 din theo Nauvin Thi Hoa 2014 ir 14) TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd (218) 5-2017 59 Bdng 1: Hdnh vi bgo luc hgc duang cim hgc sinh Hanh vi bao lure Khong lam Co lam DTB DLC 0,96 Goi ban b^ng biet hieu xau/dua ban lam tro dcia 18,9 81,1 2,37 Chiri, cai 19,8 80,2 2,28 0,89 Treu choc, che gieu ban be 32,1 67,9 1,99 0,87 T4y chay ban be/lam ngirdi khac khong choi vdi ban/ xa lanh, la ban 60,9 39,1 1,57 0,84 Noi nhCrng Icri co tinh lang nhuc ban 44,4 55,6 1,76 0,83 Noi xau ban/lung tin don that thiel ve ban be 64,8 35,2 1,52 0,81 Dam/da/xo day/tal tai/c6 y x6 xat vdi ban 55,3 44,7 1,60 0,79 Co y noi nhung loi tam ban dau long 58,4 41,6 1,56 0,76 Bai ep ban lam nhung viec xau ma ho khong thich 81,6 18,4 1,23 0,54 10 Lay tien/c6 y lam hong dac ciia ban 84,8 15,2 1,18 0,45 11, Tan tinh/treu gheo c6 linh chat quay r6i tinh due 89,3 10,7 1,14 0,45 12, Nhin tin doa/dua thong tin ten mang nhim boi nho ban 89,8 10,2 1,13 0,40 1,61 0,45 Diem trung binh chung tren toan thang Ghi chu: Thang bdnh vi bgo lue theo chi^u lang ddn: 1/ Chua bao gid (1 diem): 2/ It Idm (2 diem) 3/ Thinh Ihodng Idm {3 diem): 4/Ldm nhii-u idn(4 diem) - Mgt sd hanh vi bao lye cd tinh chit it xay hon nhu nhin tin dga/dua thdng tin len mang nham bdi nhp ban (DTB = 1,13); tan tinh/treu gheo cd tinh chat quay rdi tinh due (DTB = 1,14); liy tiin/cd y lam hdng dd dac ciia ban (DTB = 1,18) Mae dii hanh vi nhan tin dpa/dua thdng tin len mang nhim bdi nhg ban dugc hpc sinh coi la nhirng hanh vi it xuit hien nhit va cd tinh thing nhit y kiin cao nhung ket qua nghien cim cho ring, vdi 10,2% sd hpc sinh cd hanh vi cung dugc coi la mpt ty Ip khdng thip, nhit la viec sit dung hinh thirc dua thdng tin ham nghTa di nhiiu ngudi ciing biit (mang tinh chit phat tan thdng tin pham vi khdng gian rong) cd thi in chira tinh chu y, chir khdng don thuan la su bdt phat, ddng Ihdi cd tim anh hudng Idn din tam ly ca nhan Thyc te hien nay, mpt sd gia dinh vdi muc dich quan ly gid giic cua da cho phep sir dung dien Ihoai scim nhung lai khdng thi kiim soat dugc vice su dung 60 TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, So' (21 8), - 2017 dien thoai cua con, mang xa hoi igi nhanh chong tro nen ph6 bien va dem lai nhi6u thii Tuy nhien, nau khong biit each su dung hop ly thi viec dua th6ng tin nham boi nhp nguoi khac khong chi anh huong din tam ly ciia nan nhan, ma tham chi anh huong khong nho tai chinh nguofi g^y hanh vi Ben canh do, vdi 10,7% s6 hpc sinh co hanh vi tan tinh/treu geo co tinh chat quSy rdi tinh dye, ty le lam kha nhieu lan chiem 2,5% thi hanh vi CO tinh chit quay r6i tinh due lira tuoi hoc sinh va pham vi nha truong CO xu hucmg nguy hi6m, tham chi co anh huong rat Ion t6i tam ly cua nhOng doi tupfng hpc sinh bi bao lire, nhat la a gidi nu: Mac dii hanh vi l§y tien/co y lam hong dac cua ban cung la mpt hanh vi it xay nhimg vdi miu nghien cOru la hpc sinh tir trudng diem, thupc pho, khong phai thupc dia ban ven do, vdi dac trung la hpc sinh ngoan, thupc gia dinh phu huynh co nghe nghiep on dinh va trinh dp hpc van tir cao dang trd len (hpc van cua cha: 71,6%, hpc van cua me: 71,3%) thi hanh vi van duoc coi la hanh vi bao luc nghiem trpng bdi hanh vi mang tinh chat pha huy tai san, dong thdi CO kha nang trd thoi quen neu khong duoc quan tam kip thdi Ket qua tren cho thay, hanh vi bao lire it xay tren doi tuong dien khao sat nhung muc dp xay ciia tirng hanh vi la khac - Cd su khac ve muc dp thuc hien cua cac loai hinh thuc hanh vi bao lire Trong cac loai hinh thuc hanh vi bao lire trudng hpc, bao luc the chat xay d muc dp nhiau nhit (DTB = 1,94), ti^p d^n la bao lire tinh thin (DTB = 1,64) Cuoi Cling la bao luc kinh te va tinh due (DTB lan lupl la 1,18 va 1,14) Hanh vi bao lire cua hpc sinh trudng hpc lam cho moi trudng hpc lap trd nen khdng an toan Nhieu em cam thay sp hai di den trudng Mot so nghien cuu da cho thay, co moi quan he giua hanh vi bao lire vdi cac trieu chung sang chan tam ly Nghien cuu cua Nguyen Thj Iloa (2014) quan lam Idi doi tupng hpc sinh Iham gia bao luc: nan nhan va thuc hien hanh vi bao luc cho thay, nhom hpc sinh vira la nan nhan vira la ngudi thuc hien hanh vi bao luc CO thai dp khong toi doi vdi trudng hpc mot each ro ret hon so vdi nhom hpc sinh khong thuc hien hanh vi bao luc Them nCra hpc sinh vdi vai trd la nan nhan hay hoc sinh vdi vai tro vCra la nan nhan vira la ngudi Ihuc hien hanh vi bao luc co nhung bieu hien ciia chirng lang dpng giam chu y va co nhung kho khan irong quan he ban be ro ret hon so vdi nhung hpc sinh khong thuc hien hanh vi bao lire Nghien cuu cua Daniel J Flannery Kelly L Wester va Mark Singer (2004) lai quan tam tdi m6i quan he giua vice chung ki^n hanh vi bao luc \di nhu'ng ion thuang tam ly cua hpc sinh K§t qua cho Ihiy, nhung hoc sinh chung kien bao luc hpc dudng d muc dp cao co nhi^u kha nitng co TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, So (21K), - 2017 61 nhung trieu chiing tdn thuong ve mat tam ly hem so vdi nhirng hgc sinh chimg kiin bao luc hgc dudng d mirc thap Bdng 2: Hinh thirc bgo luc hgc duang eda hoc sinh BTB BLC Bao lire the chat 1,94 0,72 Bao luc tinh than 1,64 0,50 Bao luc tinh due 1.14 0,45 1.18 0,44 1,61 0,45 Hinh thijc bao lire Bao lire kinh te Diem trung binh tren toan thang - Mac dii hanh vi bao lire xay d mirc thap (DTB chung = 1,61/4 diem) nhung hau het cac hpc sinh tham gia khao sat deu khang dinh ban than da timg thuc hien it nhat mpt hanh vi bao luc (92,9% sd hpc sinh tirng thuc hien hanh vi bao lire), tham chi thuc hien nhieu hanh vi vdi ban hpc cua minh Trong so do, CO 13,7% so hpc sinh da tirng thuc hien tir ! - hanh vi nhung cd tdi 2/3 so hpc sinh (chiem t\' le la 76,3%) da Iirng thuc hien lir hanh vi bao lire trd len Trong moi trudng hpc dudng, nhat la dia ban khao sat la nhifng trudng diem thi day la mpt ket qua dang phai luu tam cho cac nha quan ly va giao due Bdng 3: So luong hdnh vi bgo luc md hgc sinh thuc hien So luong hanh vi Ty le hoc sinh thuc hien (%) 7.1 -2 13.7 3-4 23.7 5-6 31,8 7-8 15.2 - 10 8.5 * So sdnh Ildnh vi bgo luc hoc dudng cua hgc sinh tiieo cdc Idt cdi Khi so sanh hanh vi bao luc ndi chung va cac loai hinh thuc hanh vi bao lire ndi rieng (bao luc the chat, bao luc tinh Ihin bao lye linh due va bao luc 62 TAPCHITAMLYHOC, So'5 (2IX), - kinh ta) theo cac ti^u chi, kk qua thu duac cho thiy: dii la hpc sinh nam hay hpc sinh nir, du d Ha N6i hay phd Hd Chi Minh, dii vdi tinh trang hon nhan va hoc vin cua cha me cd khac thi hanh vi bao luc hpc dudng ciia hpc sinh vl CO ban khdng cd su khac biet cd y nghTa thong ke (p > 0,05) K^t qua cd khac so vdi nhimg kit qua cua cac nghien ciiru khac trude do: Nghien ciru ciia Nguyin Thi Hoa (2014) cho thiy, cd syr khac biet thep gidi tinh ve loai hinh thuc hanh vi bao luc: bao lire tinh thin bien d nu hom, bao lire thi chit phd biin d nam hon Tuy nhien, nghien ciru nay, dudng nhu CO mpt khuon miu chung viec thuc hien hanh vi bao luc ciia hpc sinh dien khao sat Cd le, vdi dac thii la hpc sinh ngoan, tir nhimg trudng diem, xuat than tir gia dinh phu huynh cd trinh dp hpc van cao nen cac em nhan duoc su cham sdc va giao due tot hon Mdi tw&ng quan giira hanh vi bao lire cua hpc sinh trirdng hoc vd mot so yeu to Ket qua phan tich tuong quan giira hanh vi bao luc vdi cac yeu td giao due gia dinh hanh vi giiip dd cua hpc sinh va sir dong cam cua hpc sinh cho thay, co moi tuong quan nghich giira hanh vi bao luc hpc dudng vdi cac yeu td (p < 0,01) Dieu dd cd the dien giai cu the la: neu cha me giao due ve tinh yeu thuong cho cai cang nhieu va the hien ro thi hanh vl bao lire d tre cang giam; hpc sinh cang thuc hien nhieu hanh vi giup dd ddi vdi ngudi khac nhu giup ngudi gap khd khan, giiip dd va ho tro ban hpc lap va cac cdng viec khac thi cang it thirc hien hanh vi bao luc Ben canh do, nhijng hpc sinh cang the hien ro sir ddng cam vdi cam xuc cua ngudi khac thi hanh vi bao lue eung cang it xay Mac dii, cac mdi tuong quan cd y nghTa thdng ke nhung kha yeu (r < 0.3) the hien moi quan he qua long leo va rat de thay ddi Bdng 4: Tirang quan giua hdnh vi bao hrc vd nhCrng yeu to khdc Cac v^u to Hanh vi bao luc Cllii Ihicli He so liroTig quan r Giao due ciJa gia dinh -0,232** Manh vi fiii'ip da -0,190** Dong cam -0,226** ** / ' •' O.OI r id he sii nafiigqiiai! I^earsaii Tuy nhien, kel qua cung ggi y rang, mudn hanh vi bao luc hgc dudng giam can gia lang cac bien phap giao due linh yeu ngudi Irudc hfil la giiio due tinh >cu thuong nhCtng ngudi than gia dinh, sau dd dC-n giao due linh TAP CH! TAM LV HOC, Sd (218), - 2017 hi yeu thuong ban be va cdng ddng Ben canh dd, cSn ichoi ggi nhiing cam xiic tich cue mdi quan he ban be de tac ddng, lam gia tang hanh vi giiip dd va su ddng cam cua hgc sinh ddi vdi ngudi than gia dinh va ban be Cdc yiu td anh hiring din hdnh vi bgo luc cua hgc sinh Irong tnrong hpc Trong eac yeu td: giao due ciia cha me ddi vdi tre, hanh vi giiip do, ddng cam eua hgc sinh, yeu td nao tac ddng lam thay ddi hanh vi bao lire cua hgc sinh? Bdng 5: Su dnh hudng cua cdc yeu Id den hdnh vi bgo luc ciia hgc sinh trucmg hgc Yeu to doc ISp He so hoi quv don bien Hanh vi giiip da R-= 0,032* b,=-0,151 Giao due cua gia dinii R-=0,047»* b2= -0,206 Dong cam R^ = 0,045*» bj=-0,150 Hang so Constant He so hoi quy da bien P, = -0,043 R- = 0,06* p, = -0,165* P,= -0,139 29,461 Chd thich: •: khip < 0,05: •• khip < 0.01 Xem xet mirc tae dgng cua timg yeu td tdi hanh vi bao luc cua tre, kk qua phan tich hdi quy don bien cho thay, ca ba yeu td su giao due cua cha me hanh vi giup dd va su ddng cam eda ban than cd tae ddng cd y nghTa thdng ke tdi hanh vi bao luc cua hgc sinh Cu the: Hanh vi giiip giai thich dugc 3,2% sy bien thien eiia hanh vi bao lye cua hgc sinh; Su giao due eua cha me giai thich dugc 4,7% sy bien thien ciia hanh vi bao luc ciia hgc sinh; Sy ddng cam giai thich dugc 4,5% su bien thien cua hanh vi bao lye eua hgc sinh Mae dii, mirc tac ddng ciia ca ba yeu Id tdi hanh vi bao lye ciia hgc sinh khdng nhieu nhung ciing cd tinh chat dy bao, ggi md cho viec irng dung thyc tiln mudn cai thien hanh vi bao lye eiia hgc sinh Giao due tinh yeu thucmg phai xuat phat tir giao due Irong chinh gia dinh, di tre bi^t yeu thuang chinh nhimg ngudi than eiia minh; khoi ggi y nghTa vd hanh vi giup dd, khuyen khieh va tdn vinh nhirng hanh ddng tdt ciia Ire Ben canh dd, khai ggi sy ddng cam nhu sy cam thdng, thau hieu vdi nhirng ndi dau ciia ngudi khac chinh la nhirng each thiic de giam thieu su xuat hien ciia hanh vi bao luc hgc duimg Xem xet mirc tae dgng eda cac yeu td tren ket hgp ciing nhau, md hinh hdi quy da bien phii hgp di dy bao vk sy thay ddi ciia hanh vi bao lye d hgc sinh Sy ciing thay ddi eda yeu Id giao due ciia cha me, hanh vi giiip dd va su ddng cam cua hgc sinh giai thich dugc 6,0%) sy thay ddi ciia hanh vi bao luc cua hgc sinh (R~ = 0,06; p < 0,05) T'uy nhien, sy tac dgng cua cac yen id cd y nghTa 64 TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, So'5 (218), - khac nhau: tap hgfp da bien nay, hanh vi giup dd va dong cam ciia hpc sinh khdng cd anh hudng cd y nghTa thdng ke lam thay ddi hanh vi bao lire d hpc sinh nhung ydu td giao due ciia cha me doi vdi hpc sinh cd anh hudng cd y nghia thong ke tdi hanh vi bao luc Sir anh hudng cua yeu td giao due cua gia dinh cd muc dp manh nh4t (Beta Giao due = -0,165; Dong cam = -0,139; Giiip dd - -0,043) Ket qua la gpi y vh viec sii dung cac bien tac ddng lam thay doi hanh vi bao lire cua hpc sinh Vi vay, viec giam thieu hanh vi bao lire d hpc sinh tai trudng hpc, c4n phai danh sir uu tien cho su giao due tinh yeu thuang ngudi ciia cha me ddi vdi cai, bang vice nhac nhd cac em nhan thiic ve tinh yeu thuang va khuyen khieh cac em the hien su quan tam, chia se tinh cam ddi vdi ngudi khac khdng chi b§ng thai dp ma phai bang hanh dpng cu the Tom lai, ket qua nghien ciiu ndi len nhung diem chinh sau: 1/ O tat ca cac hanh vi bao lire deu cd sir thuc hien ciia hpc sinh, nhien d mirc dp thap, dd gpi ban bang biet hieu, chiri, cai nhau, cd y lam cho ngudi khac dau long la nhirng hanh vi xay nhieu nhat; nhan tin, de dpa dua thdng tin len mang vdi muc dich nham bdi nhp la hanh vi it xay nhat Mac dii cac hanh vi bao luc xay vdi mirc thap nhung so lupng hpc sinh thuc hien nhieu hanh vi bao luc la dang liru y Dii hanh vi nao, nhieu hay it thi deu cd kha nang anh hudng tdi tam ly ciia nan nhan 2/ Khdng nhan thay co su khac biet ve hanh vi bao lire theo cae bien sd gidi tinh, pho, dac diem cha me va gia dinh Co mpt khuon mau hanh vi bao lire cua hpc sinh trudng hpc 3/ Neu cha me giao due ve tinh yeu thucmg cho cai cang nhieu thi hanh vi bao luc hpc dudng ciia hpc sinh cang giam Tuong tu, hpc sinh cang the hien sir giiip da va su ddng cam ddi vdi ngudi khac Ihi cang it thuc hien hanh vi bao luc 4/ D6 giam thieu hanh vi bao lire d hpc sinh trudng hoc, cha me can giao due, nang cao nhan thire eho cac em ve linh yeu thuang va khuyen khieh eac em the hien su quan tam, chia se tinh cam doi vdi ngudi khac khong chi bang thai dp ma phai bang hanh dpng cu the Chu thich Bai viet sir dung du lieu ciia dc tai cap Bp 2016, Thdi vd cam cua tre vi nien irong gia dinh Vien Tam ly hoc chii tri, PGS.TS Phan Thi Mai Hircmg lam chu nhiem Tai lieu tham khao Hoang Xuan Dung, Khdc biel gidi hdnh vi gdy hdn cua hoc sinh Irung hoc phd thong Tap chi Nghien ciru Gia dinh va Gidi, S6 3.''2010 TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, S6' (218), - 2017 65 Trin Thi Minh Diic, Hdnh vi gdy hdn phdn tich tir goc Tdm ly hgc xd hoi, NXB Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, 2010 Nguyin Thi Hoa, Nghien cmi mgt so hdnh vi bgo l^c hgc dudng vd dnh hudng cua nd din tdm ly hgc sinh trung hgc phd thdng (Bao cao tong ket dk tai cap Bp, 2014) Tr4n Thi H6ng, Cdc yeu to tdc dgng tdi hdnh vi tu tap gdy rdi cua thieu nien Viet Nam (phdn tich sd lieu Dieu tra Qudc gia ve tre vi thdnh nien vd nien Viet Nam nam 2003 vd nam 2009), Tap chi Nghien ciiu Gia dinh va Gidi, so 6/2013 Le Minh Nguyet, Mgt sd yeu td dnh hudng den hdnh vi bgo luc hgc dudng vdi ban hgc sinh trung hgc ca sd, De tai nam 2012 Nguyen Thi Phucmg Thao va Cao Hao Thi, Cdc yeu td tdc ddng den hdnh vi bgo luc cua hoc sinh Tap chi Phat trien Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Tap 15, sd QI, tr 32 - 47, 2012 J Brown and P Munn, School violence as a social problem' Charting the rise of the problem and the emerging specialist field International Studies in Sociology of Education, Vol 18 Iss - 4, pp 219 - 230 2008 J.L Ireland, J Archer, The perceived consequences of responding lo bulling with aggresiom- A study of male and female adult prisoners Aggression Behavior, 28, pp 257 - 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573, 2004 66 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (218), - 20 i ... hanh vi bgo luc hoc dtrdng cua hoc sinh * Thuc trgng hdnh vi bgo luc hgc dudng Thue trang hanh vi bao lye cua hgc sinh trudng hpc dugc the hien d cac khia canh sau: hanh vi bao lye, loai hanh vi. .. biin/khdng phd bien d hpc sinh (cu the: hgc sinh cd/khdng tham gia hanh vi nao, tham gia hanh vi dd nhieu hay it, loai hinh hanh vi nao thudng gap hon), sd lugng hanh vi ma hpc sinh thuc hien Ket qua... hanh vi bao lire cua hpc sinh Vi vay, viec giam thieu hanh vi bao lire d hpc sinh tai trudng hpc, c4n phai danh sir uu tien cho su giao due tinh yeu thuang ngudi ciia cha me ddi vdi cai, bang vice