Tổng quan một số nghiên cứu trên thế giới về thái độ và mối quan hệ của thanh thiếu niên với người cao tuổi

TONG QUAN MOT SO NGHIEN CLJU TREN THE GIOI VE THAI DO VA MOI QUAN HE OUA THANH THIEU NIEN VOI NGUOI CAO TUOI Bai Viet la not phan ket qua nghien ciru cua de tai cap Bg nam 2017 - 2018: Thai ciia nien dot vdi ngirdi gia va moi quan he ciia ho vdi ong ba; Vien Tam ly hoc chu tri; PGS.TS Le Van Hao Icim chu nhiem ThS Mai Van Hal Vien Tdm ly hpc T6M TAT Bdi viet ndy tien hdnh ddnh gid tdng quan 21 edng trinh nghien ciru ve thdi dp va moi quan hi cua thieu nien vdi nguai cao tudi Tren pham vi quan he xd hgi, thdi vd moi quan he ciia thiiu niin vdi ngudi cao tuoi it nhieu cdn tieu cue, dinh kiin Cdc hoat dpng phdi hap hudng den mue tieu chung ciia hai nhdm giiip thdi khong tich cue, xa cdeh mdt di Trin pham vi quan hi gia dinh, thdi vd moi quan hi cua chdu vdi ong bd nhin chung la tich cue, gdn gdi mac dii vdn cd nhirng vdn de cdn khdc phuc nhu mong muon chdu gdn giii vdi ong bd han, su khdc ddnh gid ve moi quan he cua hg Thong qua so sdnh lien nhdm, nhirng dgc diem ldm ly cua ngudi cao tudi nhu tich cue day do, giiip dd chdu, mong mudn dugc luang tde vdi chdu nhiiu han ciing duac khdng dinh ro net Tit khoa: Thdi vai ngudi cao tuii; Mil quan he giiia thiiu niin vd ngudi cao tudi Ngdynhdnbdi; 2SI&/20n; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi' 25/1/2019 Dat van de Ngay nay, s i lugng va ty le nguoi eao tuoi eo eau ddn so the giai edng tang len Niu nhu tuii thg trung binh eiia ddn s i thi gicri miii chi dimg lai o eon si 32 vao ndm 1800, thi din nam 1950 la 48, ndm 2012 la 70 va nam 2016 la 72 tuii (nguin: who.int); ciing vcii qud trinh tdng len ciia tuii thg, ty le ngucri tren 60 tuii ea cdu dan si the gicii eiing tdng len khong ngung; cu thi vao ndm 1950: 8% (200 trieu nguoi), nam 2011: 11% (760 trieu nguai) va se dat 22% vao nam 2050 (2 ty nguoi) (nguin: ourworldindata.org) TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, S i (240), - 65 Tuoi gid, mgt giai doan tdt yeu cugc song eua eon ngucri, co nhQng dac diem tdm sinh ly dae thii Niu nhu o giai doan thiiu nien nguai dang hoan thien, phdt trien khong ngimg ed ve tam sinh ly thi tuoi gia lai bat dau CO nhung suy giam ca ve the lue, tam ly va xa hgi Nhung thay doi thdm ehi la nhanh chong voi nhiing nguai bucic vao tuii nghi htm Mat khae, sy phdt trien noi chung ciia xa hgi khien chg miic sing, chat lugng cugc sing, tuoi thg cOa nguoi duge nang len Nguai cao tuoi, vi vdy, dii da qua tugi lao dgng va ddn suy giam a khia canh tam sinh ly nhu da de cap nhung van can minh man, gidu kinh nghiem sing Id nguin lye quy gid cho xa hgi Ngay cang eg nhieu eong trinh nghien cim ve ngucri cao tuoi nham cai thien khong ngung chat lugiig euge sing eila hg, giup eho ngucri cao tuoi eo thi sing vui khoe va e6ng hien nhiSu nhat eho sy phat trien noi chung eua xd hgi Trgng cdc nghien cQu vi nguoi cao tuii, c6 nhieu nghien ciiu so sdnh voi liia tuii thiiu nien Do dae thil lira tuii, su phdt trien tam sinh ly ngucri cao tuii vd thiiu nien eo nhiiu khae biet v i quan he xd h6i, trdi nghiem, quan niem song Nhung nghien cuu so sanh giiia hai nhom tuoi nay, mii quan he, thai giQa hai nhom giup chiing ta co cai nhin day du hon ve eu6e sing, dac diem tam sinh ly eua nguoi eao tuoi vd thieu nien Tit thye te do, bai viet sg ting quan mgt so nghien eiiu tren the gidi ve thdi dg vd mii quan he cua thieu nien voi nguoi cao tuoi nhu djnh kiin, thdi dg khgng tieh eye, xa cdeh v6i nguoi eao tuii, long kinh trgng, gan giii, sy san sang giiip da, tham gia cdc boat dgng ehung vai ngucri cao tuoi Co the noi, viec co cdi nhin tong quan nghien cQu ve thdi vd moi quan h^ etia thiiu niSn vcii nguoi cao tuoi tren thi gicii Id can thiet, nhdm eung cap nhtmg tri thiic, ngi dung da dugc quan tam nghien cim, nhimg ngi dung eon chua dugc de cap nhiiu di tiip tue duge b i sung nhdm dong gop vdo biic tranh ehung ve thdi eung nhu moi quan he eila thieu nien voi ngucri eao tuoi Phirong phap nghien ciiu Nghien cQu ndy sir dyng phuang phap nghien ciru tai lieu tir nguin tim kiim: Google, EBSCOweb vol eac tit khoa Id Attitudes toward the elderly, relationships between youth and the elderly Ket qua: 30 bdi bdo, tap chi khoa hge da dugc lya chgn idn thii nhdt Sau dg, tde gia tiip tue dgc kl ngi dung ede bdi tap ehi vd su dung 21 bai phii hgp voi yeu eau nhu: nghien cuu tit goc tam ly hgc, nghien ciiu vi thdi giiia thieu nien va ngucri eao tuoi NhQng bdi tap chi da duge lua chgn duge chat Igc tren bdng torn tdt vcii ede ngi dung eo ban nhu: 1/ Ten tae gia, ten bdi tap ehi, nam xuat bdn; 2/ Khach 66 TAP CHf TAM ly HOC, So (240), - 2019 thi, thiit ki, t i chiic nghien ciru; 3/ Cau hoi/van di/ngi dung nghien ciiu; 4/ Kit qua nghien ciiu; 5/ Ghi chu Do giai ban ciia mgt bai tap ehi, bang torn tdt khong duge trinh bay bdi viit Danh mue 21 bdi t?p ehi duge lya chgn duge liet ke a phdn Danh mue tai lieu tham khao Co the noi, nhiing bdi tap chi dugc lira chgn da eung cdp hire tranh sinh dgng ve thai cOa thiiu nien vai nguoi cao tuii Trong khuon kho bai viet ndy, tde gia trinh bay eac nghien ciiu vi thai vd mii quan he cua thieu nien vcri nguoi cao tuii a cdc binh dien: cdc mii quan he xa hgi, ede moi quan he gia dinh va nghien cim su so sdnh giQa cac nhom i Ket qua nghiSn cu-u 3.1 Thdi dp vd moi quan he cua thieu nien v&i ngudi cao tudi xa hpi Gia boa dan so Id van de Ion vd co tinh phi qudt vai nhieu quic gia Vi vay, nghien cim ve ngucri eao tuoi noi ehung vd thdi vcii ngucri eao tuii noi rieng da dugc quan tam tim hieu tit nhieu thdp ky truoc Neil Lutsky (1986) dd tien hanh tong hgp cdc tai Heu, eong trinh cong bo truoc ve thdi dg vcii ngucri cao tuii nhu eua Butler (1975), Brubaker vd Power (1976), Rodin vd Langer (1980), Lutsky (1980) va cho rang hdu hit ede nghien cim ve thdi ciia sinh vien vdi ngucri cao tuoi chi ngucri cao tuoi khong phdi Id myc tieu ciia thai djnh kien n6i ehung md nhiiu ehinh nguai eao tuii nhin nhan ban than nhu vay Nghien eiiu ggi md each tiep can nghien cim ve thdi dg voi nguai eao tail theo hucing khong ehi dya vdo ddnh gid cua nhom tre tuoi ma dya tren danh gia, suy nght eiia ehinh hg Tiip tue xem xet nghien eiiu vi thdi va moi quan he eua thieti nien vai ngucri eao tuoi a goc ede moi quan he xa hgi noi ehung, ta co the nhan thdy it nhieu thai dg vd mgi quan he khong tieh cue vcii ngucri cao tuoi; cae hoat dgng phii hgp vi mue tieu ehung eila hai nhom co the Idm giam thai tieu eye, giiip moi quan he eila hai nhom tro nen gan gQi Clara C Pratt va Vieki L Schmall (1989) dd tiin hanh nghien ciiu thai cila 290 sinh vien v i vdn di tinh due a nguoi cao tuii Tde gid da thiet ke nhung menh di giing nhung khae vi tuii nhu "Mgt cap nam nQ 25 hiii quyit djnh sing eiing khong dya tren hon nhdn", "Mgt cap 70 tuoi sing Cling khong dua tren hon nhdn" di thdi voi cac bieu hien Cdc sinh vien tham gia nghien eiiu se danh gid cae bieu hien noi tren vai mire dg (tu "rdt tich cue" din "rdt tieu eye") Kit qua nghien eiiu ehi yiu 16 lien quan din thai vcii tinh due etia nguai eag tuoi la nhiing hanh vi, tinh TAP CHi TAM ly HOC, s i (240), 3-2019 67 huong eu the vd khong lien quan nhieu den tuoi, gicii tinh Cae sinh vien tham gia nghien eQu ddnh gid ngucri eao tuoi song eung khong dua tren hon nhan theo goc giiip dcr nhieu ban goc tinh due Sy gan gui ve mat tinh cam veil ngucri cao tuoi cang tdng (vi du ddnh gid vdi ong bd minh) thi su chdp nhan hanh vi tinh due khong dua tren hon nhan eua ngucri cao tuoi ngucri dugc hoi edng giam Ndm 2015, Ychudit Reuvcni va Perla Werner cong b i cong trinh nghien cuu ciia hg dugc tiin hdnh tren 259 hgc sinh lap tai Isarel ve sy san sang giiip da, thien nguyen vcii nguai cao tuoi Ket qua thu duge tu bang hoi eho thay sy thien nguyen voi ngucri cao tuoi eiia hge sinh la thdp Tuy nhien, sy san sdng giup tang len nguoi eao tuoi dugc mo ta la khoe manh Nhu vay, eo the thdy, thai vcri nguoi eao tuoi eiia eae em hge sinh tham gia nghien ciru la khong tieh cue, khong san sang giiip nhQng ngudi eao tuoi ma theo hg nhan thdy la khong khoe manh Nghien ciru cOng eung cap ty le 60,4% s6 hge sinh dugc hoi cho biet hg eo moi quan he tot vdi ong bd minh Tren co sd thang Thdi ky thj vdi ngudi cao tuoi (Ageism Attitude Scale), Enes (2016) da chgn 337 y ta phdu thuat di nghien citu thdi eua hg vdi ngudi cao tudi Nhin chung, thdi eila eac y ta phau thuat vai ngudi cao tuii la tich eye, nhien 1/4 so y td dugc hgi eho biet hg cd vdn di giag tiep vol ngudi eao tudi Trong nghien eiiu nay, cdc tde gia khong de cap ro nhung van de giao tiep vdi ngudi eao tuoi md cdc y ta phau thuat nhan thay la gi Mac dii vay, ket qua nghien ciru van cho thay dii cae y ta tham gia nghien ciiu the hien thai tieh cue vdi ngudi eao tuoi thi viee eai thien giao tiep vdi ngudi eao tuoi la can thiet Vdi mue dich lam giam djnh kien, thai dg tieu eye giQa hai nhdm thieu nien vd ngudi eao tudi, mgt sd nghien eiiu vc moi quan he ciia hai nhdm ndy va each thitc giai quyet nhimg kien, cam xue tieu cue giua hai nhdm da dugc tien hdnh Neu nhu nhung nghien eim eua Neil Lutsky (1986), Mathews vd Straughan (2014) ma ta da de cap d phan tren hudng din viec thay dii cdeh nhin nhan ciia ehinh ban than ngudi cao tuii vi tuii tac, hudng din viee ngudi cao tuii ehu dgng vdi eac ke hoaeh cua ban than ve gia vdi thai lac quan, edi md thi nhQng nghien ciru nhdm giai quyit thai tieu cue giua hai nhdm dugc di cap dudi day lai hucing den cac hoat ddng giao luu, eiing giai quyit eae nhiem vii chung nham giup hai nhdm hiiu va chdp nhan nhiiu hon Cummings va ding nghiep (2003) da chgn 81 hgc sinh lap di tham gia nghien ciru ve tac dgng cua ehuang trinh lien thi he dii vai ngudi cao tuii Chuong trinh lien the he dugc: djnh nghia nhu nhimg hoat dgng dugc ti ehitc giua cae thdnh vien cua hai the he nham tang cuong sy hgp tac va thay dii thai TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, s i (240), 3-2019 giOa hai nhom Ket qua chi nhiing em tham gia ehuang trinh lien thi he ed thai tich cue vcii ngudi cao tuii ban nhdm dii chimg Diiu thi hien d kit qua cdc thang ve thdi do, hanh vi vd nhdn thiie vi ngudi cao tuii ciia tre Tiip tue hudng nghien eiiu ndi tren, Jones vd cgng sy (2004) tiin hdnh nghien cilu thai eiia nhdm ngudi cao tuii nhan trg cap v i ehd d vd nhdm tre tuii dang nhan sy h i trg v i tdm ly Hai nhdm da duge b i tri di tham gia eae tro choi eung Kit qua cho thay sy gdn ket, thai ciia hai nhdm danh cho da tit len, ky ndng xa hgi eiia hg eung duge cai thien Nhu vay, thong qua mgt so nghien ciru ndi tren, ed the thay thai dg eung nhu moi quan he eua thieu nien vdi ngudi eao tuoi da dugc quan tdm nghien cilu d nhung ngi dung tam ly ey the Cac nghien ciiu khong chi lam nii bat moi quan he, thai dg ciia thieu nien vdi ngudi eao tuii ma cdn ding thdi chi nhQng cdeh thiic lam giam thai dg kiin, tieu eye vdi ngudi eao tudi, nhdm nang eao htm chdt lugng eu6c sdng, hanh phuc ciia hg hong moi quan he voi chinh minh vd vdi ngudi khdc Mgt cai nhin lac quan, ty chii ve tai chinh, cd ke hgach rS rang cho cugc sdng vi gid (Mathews vd Straughan, 2014), tich cue giao luu, boat dgng eung giQa cdc nhdm tudi se khiin mii quan he ciia ngudi eao tuii va nhdm tre tudi trd nen gan giii, it kien vdi ngudi eao tuii han 3.2 Thdi dp va mSi quan he cua thiiu nien vdi ngudi cao tuoi gia dinh Ben canh nhung nghien ciiu vi thai do, mii quan he ciia thieu nien voi ngudi cao tuii tren binh dien quan he xa hgi ki tren, nhiiu nghien cuu eung da quan tam ldm sang td mii quan he vd thai dg eua hai nhdm pham vi gia dinh Niu nhu nhung nghien eiiu tren pham vi xa hgi it nhieu eg danh gia tieu cue v i ngudi eao tuii thi nhung nghien cim vi moi quan he vd thdi giQa thiiu nien vdi ong ba lai eho thdj; mii quan he gdn gui, thai dd yeu quy dii giQa hai nhdm cd nhQng khae biet nhdt djnh ve dae diem tam ly Baranowski (1984) da nghien eiiu tren 184 hgc sinh nam vd 221 hgc sinh nQ di tim hiiu vi sy khae biet tuang tde giQa tre vi nien va ong bd va chi ra: tre gdi hge ky ndng tir dng bd nhiiu hon tre trai, nhien khong cd sy khdc biet cd y nghia d hai nhdm nam va nu; thai ciia hg vdi 6ng ba nhin chung la tieh eye, gdn gui ea biiu hien ma de tdi quan tdm khao sdt gim: lam viec cho ong ba, ndi chuyen vdi ong ba, ndi ve Ijeh sQ gia dinh, dng bd ki vi b i me hii tre, dng ba vd chdu thdm quan da ngoai cting vd dng ba dua Idi khuyen TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, s i (240), - 2019 69 Vdo ede ndm 2010 vd 2013, Vivian W.Q Lou va ding nghiep da tien hanh mdt sd nghien eiiu ve ty danh gia sue khde eiia dng ba dya tren moi quan he dng bd - chdu tai vimg ndng thdn d Trung Qudc Khae vdi Baranowski (1984) nghien ciru tren nhdm tre tudi, Vivian W.Q Lou da phdng van 1.027 ngudi eao tudi (tu 60 tudi trd ten) tai nong thdn Chaohu, Trung Qudc (trung binh 71,72 tudi) vd khang djnh anh hudng trye tiip theo hudng moi quan he, thdi tdt giQa dng ba - chdu ed tae dgng y nghTa tdi ty ddnh gid ve sue khde eua ngudi cao tuii (2013); sy hd trg tu chdu ddng vai trd y nghia tdi thai hai Idng vdi cugc sdng eua ngudi cao tudi (2010) Mii quan he giQa dng ba - chdu khdng ehi duge tim hieu tir mgt phia ma edn tiip tue duge nghien cQu vdi su ket hgp du lieu tu cd hai phia (ngudi cao tuii va chdu) Harwood (2001) da chgn mdu la 180 sinh vien, sau dd de nghj hg eung cdp dja ehi eua dng ba di giii thu de nghj tham gia nghien cuu khao sat 135 dng bd cila cdc khach the sinh vien dong y tham gia Hai nhdm da trd Idi doe lap ve mdi quan he gdn gui cua hg Ket qud cho thay nhdm dng ba ddnh gia mdi quan he giQa hg va chau minh gan gui, tieh cue hon so vdi nhdm sinh vien ddnh gid Tuy nhien, nhom khach the sinh vien lai nhin nhan mdi quan he linh boat, tich eye hon Nam 2009, R Weston va L Qu da edng bd ket qua nghien eim eila hg ve mdi quan he dng ba - chdu Diim khae biet each tiip can eiia nghien cuu la khao sat thai dng ba - chau tu gdc nhin cda cha me Tde gia da khao sat qua dien thoai ddi vdi 5.000 cha me ed eon dudi 18 tudi Ket qud ehi ra: Hau het cha va me cho rang, mdi quan he giua cai hg va dng bd Id gdn giii vd rdt gdn gui (67% - 85%) Ca cha vd me deu cd chung nhan djnh rdng mdi quan he tinh cam giQa eon edi hg va dng bd khdng thay dii vi sy xa each Mdi quan he giOa dng ba - chau bdi canh cua sy gia tang cua md hinh gia dinh hat nhan vdi eon chau khdng sdng ciing dng bd, sy phat triin biing nd ciia edng nghe thdng tin dugc L Stasova va E Krisikova (2014) quan tam tim hieu Cdc tae gid da tien hdnh khao sat 202 thiiu nien tudi 12 - 17 ve mdi quan he giua eac the he vol ede van di eu thi nhu vai trd cua dng bd cugc sdng cua tre, khodng each giua eae thi he ed lam mdt di mdi quan he truyen thdng cua dng ba - chau hay khdng Kit qua khao sdt khdng dinh khdng cd su khdc biet moi quan he dng bd - chdu giua hai nhdm gia dinh cd eae the he sdng ciing vd khdng sdng ciing Giao tiep giua dng bd vd chau trd nen thudn Igi ban vdi sy phat triin eiia edng nghe thdng tin, nhdt la vdi trudng hgp sdng xa each Da s i khach thi thi hien thai tich eye vdi dng ba nhu sy cam on, niem vui vi cd dng ba, nhd cd dng ba, hg hge dugc nhieu dieu 70 TAP CHfTAM Ly HOC, S i (240), - Gdn day, Hopflinger (2016) da nghien cim mii quan he va tmh cdm giQa dng bd va chau tren 685 tre til 12 - 16 tuii dang sing d eac vimg dd thj Idn eila Thuy SI (Geneva, Zurich vd Valais) vd 591 dng bd ciia hg Nghien cuu cid chi ra: Nhttng tre sdng d Thuy SI ed tdn sudt lien lac vdi dng bd thdp han nhdm tre cd dng ba sing d Phap, Dttc vd Ao Ly duge giai thich Id ty le eao (37%) dng ba cua nhQng tre em Thuy SI tidy dang khdng sinh sing tai Thyy SI va nhdm khdeh thi dng ba eung mong muiii tdn sudt lien lac vdi chdu nhiiu hon Nhin ehung, nhdm tre thi hidn tinh cam tit dep vdi dng bd qua cdeh tre md td dng bd minh Id ngudi tit bung, hai hude, bao dung va bdo phdng Phdn tich ehi nhdm dng ba theo ddnh gid eiia tre: Nhdm I: Ong bd Id nhQng vien tieh eye gia dinh; nhdm 2: Ong ba tieu eye, khdng thdng cam vdi thi he tre va nhdm 3: Ong ba hoai cd va khong thich nghi tdt vdi cac thay dii Da s i tre ddnh gid dng ba la rat quan trgng (49%) va khd quan trgng (38%); chi ed 13% so tre duge bdi danh gia it cjuan trgng Nghien euu tien hanh phdng vdn dng bd va chdu eung chi rapt sd sy khdc biet_trong gia trj nhu: dng ba mong muin vai trd h i trg tai chinh egn chdu, dieu hoa giua bd me vd eon, giiip dd chdu tim viee Trong dd, gidi tre lai khdng mong dgi nhQng gid tri dd Trong giao tiip giQa dng ba yd chau, mdt s i ngi dung eung tranh duge de cap nhu tinh yeu, tinh due, hilt thudc Id Tdm lai, ben canh mdi quan he cha me - cgn edi thi mii quan he giQa ong ba - chau Id mdt nhung mii quan he ca bdn gia dinh Vi vay, mdi quan he dng bd - chau gia dinh duge quan tdm, de cap nhiiu hon mdi quan he giua thieu nien vdi ngudi eao tudi ngoai xa hgi ndi ehung Tren binh dien xa hgi, nhdm tre tudi ddnh gid ngudi eao tudi it nhieu deu cd thai dd tieu eye thi pham vi gia dinh, tinh cdm giQa ede the he danh cho nhin chung Id tieh eye, gdn gui bat chap sy phdt triin ciia gia dinh hat nhdn, sy thay dii each thiic lien lac Nhan djnh eiing da duge nghien cuu cua Yehudit Reuveni va Perla Werner (2015), da dugc di cap d tren, chung minh: Thanh thiiu nien ed thi khdng sin sang giiip dd ngudi eao tudi nhtmg danh gia mdi quan he eua minh vdi dng bd Id tich cue CQng thdng qua ede nghiSii euru thai do, mii quan he cda thiiu nien vdi dng bd, cd the thdy nhQng vdn de lien quan din khodng edeh dja ly giua dng ba vd chau, sy "Igch pha" danh gid ciia hai nhdm vi mii quan he eua hg edn duge dieu chinh nham tang them sy hai ldng vdi cugc sdng eua mdi nhdm 3.3 Nghien cuu so sdnh thdi dp eua thiiu nien ddi v&i ngucri eao tudi Ben canh nhQng nghien euu vi thdi do, mdi quan he eiia thieu nien vdi ngudi cao tudi nhu da di cap d tren, mdt xu hudng nghieti cim khd rd net la so sanh thdi dd vd mii quan he ndy giua cdc nhdm thieu nien khde TAPCHfTAM Ly HOC, S i (240), - 2019 71 Nhung nghien eiiu da Idm nii bat ede dde diem tam ly eung nhu that do, mdi quan he giQa hai nhdm ngudi cao tudi vd thieu nien Christoph Randier vd edng sy (2014) dd tiin hanh nghien cQu ve thdi dg vdi ngudi eao tuii eila tre em Due Bdng bdi vd mdt s i thang ddnh gid ve ngudi eao tudi duge sit dung di khdo sdt 935 hgc sinh tQ lap den Icip (trong 458 hgc sinh nam vd 477 hge sinh nu) Nhin chung, khach thi nghien eiiu danh gid tieh cue vi ngudi eao tuii va ed sy khdc biet cd y nghia giua nhdm khach thi xet theo gidi tinh, Idp hgc va khoang cdeh vdi dng bd theo hudng nu danh gid tich eye ban nam, tudi edng eao thi djnh kiin vdi ngudi cao tudi cang cao ban vd tre song gdn dng ba thi ed thai tich eye ban Ket qua ndy mgt idn nQa khdng djnh ndi dung nghien euu da duge edng b i va phan tieh d phdn tren: Su gdn gui, hoat ddng cimg giQa hai nhdm khien thdi dg, mdi quan he ciia hg trd nen tieh eye, gan gui ban James S Perry vd cgng sy (1980) eung da nghien euu so sanh thdi eua nhdm tuii (tuii tre - tu 19 din 25 tuii, trung nien - tu 35 din 55 tuii vd tuii gia - tren 65 tuii) vi 10 khia canh cua cugc sdng gdm: hanh phiie, tam quan trgng ciia an todn tdi chinh, tam quan trgng ciia sQe khde, y nghia ciia cugc sing, tam quan trgng eua gia dinh, tdm quan trgng ciia cac boat dgng ben ngoai, tdm quan trgng cila ve ben nggai cila cd nhdn, mue dg ddng thudn, nhu cdu va nhan thirc nang lye hge tdp Nghien ciru tien hdnh khag sdt trdn 90 khach thi Ket qud chi nhdm tre tudi ddnh gia ve nhdm gia han it tich eye hon danh gia ve chinh hg vd nhdm tre ddnh gid nhdm tre eung tich eye hon nhdm tren 65 tudi danh gia ve nhdm eao tudi Nhu vay, ed the thdy bdn thdn ngudi cao tudi eung danh gid nhdm eua minh khdng tieh eye nhu nhdm tre ddnh gia ve nhdm tre Ket qud ndy ed phan gidng vdi nghien cim eua Lutsky (1986) da de cap d tren Tiip tue nghien cuu ve vdn de nay, Yuriy Zverev (2013) da sQ dung thang eua Kogan de nghien eim thdi ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi eila 305 sinh vien nganh dugc vd y td Ket qua khao sat cho thay hau bet sinh vien duge bdi (92,8%)) ed thdi tieh cue vdi ngudi cao tudi Thai vdi ngudi eao tuii khdng bj anh hudng bdi nam hge, ngdnh hge eung nhu gidi tinh ciia sinh vien Nam 2012, Andrade D da nghien ciru sg sdnh giua cdc nhdm sinh vien la eon mdt vd nhdm sinh vien cd anh chj em rugt ve thai dd vdi dng ba tai Trung Qudc (N = 380) Nhdm sinh vien cd anh chj em rugt ed thdi tich cue vdi ngudi cao tudi ban so vdi nhdm Id mdt Ket qud nghien eim eung ggi y de ede nghien eiiu tiep theo ed the lam rd hon mdi quan he giua dng ba cha me vd eon mdt gia dinh bdi hien khdng ehi gia dinh hat nhan ma gia dinh mdt eung dang trd nen phd bien hem xd hgi 72 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Si (240), - 2019 CQng lien quan din ngudi eao tudi, Mosher - Ashley vd edng sy (1999) cdn nghien eiiu tri gide eila sinh vien vi mii 75 cua ehinh hg Khach thi nghien cim Id sinh vien thugc ngdnh hgc: kinh doanh (22 sinh vien), tdm ly hge (30 sinh vien), trj lieu (30 sinh vien) va y td (37 sinh vien) Bang ddnh gia vi thai vdi ngudi eao tuii eua Shoemake vd Rowland (1993) duge Mosher - Ashley va edng sy ehinh sQa va sQ dung Kit qua nghien cim etia edng trinh ndy khdng dinh khdng ed sy khdc biet trotig ed nhdm nghi nghiep vd nhdm tuii (tu 18 - 22 toil, tten 22 tudi) tri gide ve tudi 75 etia minh Nhdm tu 18 - 22 tuii thi Men su quan tam nhiiu ban den tudi tde va cd hai nhdm diu thi hien sy tri giae tich cue ve tuii 75 ciia chinh minh Ket qua ndy ro rdng la mgt ggi y theo hucing thai do, mdi quan he eua hai nhdm ddnh eho se tieh eye hon rdt nhiiu niu hg dat minh vdg vj tri ciia ngudi khae, ma cu thi d ddy la nhdm sinh vien tre tuii dd tudng tugng, ddnh gid tieh cue ve tuii gid eua chinh minh Thao luan va ket luan Thdng qua ede edng trinh nghien eiiu ke trSn, ed the thdy thdi dd vd mdi quan he eila thieu nien vdi ngudi cao tudi da duge tien hdnh nghien eiiu vdi nhiiu ngi dung khae nhau, duge so sdnh tren ede binh dien quan he xa hgi va nhdm khde Trong dd, thai tieu cue, xa each vdi ngudi eao tudi xuat hien nhieu hon d mdi quan he xd hgi ndi chung; thai tieh eye, gdn gui xuat hien nhiiu hon d mdi quan he thieu nien vdi dng bd minh Cdeh thuc cae nghien euu dugc trinh bay d tren chi la mdt gdc phan tich, mdt ggi md cho eac nghien eiru tiep theo can dugc tien hanh tai Viet Nam ve thai vd mdi quan he eua thieu nien vdi ngudi cao tudi Qua cdc edng trinh nghien cuu ndi tren, ed thi thdy thai khdng tieh cue ciia thieu nien vdi ngudi eao tudi se ddn thay ddi qud trinh cimg ngudi eao tuii tuong tac, tham gia cac boat ddng xa hgi bd ieh, dat minh vao vj tri ciia ngudi eao tuii di thdu hiiu, danh gid; ngudi cao tudi eung ty danh gia vi tinh trang sue khde eiia minh tit han duge tuong tde vdi chau nhieu han Kit qua nghien cQu Id mdt ggi y quan trgng de nang eao hanh philc cila ngudi cao tuii: Su quan tam, tuong tae giua hai nhdm tudi, su quan tam gdn gui eua chdu Id niim hanh phile ciia ngudi cao tudi nhat Id bii canh s i lugng gia dinh hat nhan, gia dinh ehi cd mgt eon tdng len nhanh ehdng Ben canh do, mdt vdi edng trinh nghien eiru cutig cho thay cugc sing cda ngudi eag tudi se trd nen lac quan, y nghia ban neu hg ed sy chii dgng cd vi tdi ehinh, boat ddng hge tap, ren luyen thi chdt eung nhu hgat dgng thien nguyen Cde nghien cim ki tren dd cho thdy thdi vd mii quan he eua thiiu nien vdi ngudi eao tuii khdng chi dugc nghien euu IQ mgt phia (dua vdo TAPCH(TAMLyHOC,Sd3(240),3-2019 ' 73 danh gid eua dng bd hoac chdu, ngudi cao tudi hoac ngudi tre tudi) md edn dya tren ket qud eiia ca hai nhdm, bode ddnh gid mdi quan he dya tren y kien eiia nhdm cha me Cdeh tiep can nhu vay se eung cdp day du, khdeh quan han ve thai dg giua hai nhdm danh eho Cdeh tiep can eung ggi md hucing nghien cuu, theo dd, mdi nhdm se danh gid ve vai trd, vj the etia minh gia dinh, xa hgi va so sdnh vdi ddnh gid cda nhdm khde Xet ve dja ban nghien euu, nhieu nghien ciiu ve thdi vd mdi quan he ciia thieu nien vdi ngudi eao tudi dd dugc tien hdnh d cdc nude phdt trien, ed dieu kien phiie loi xa hgi tdt nhu DQc, Thuy SI, Singapore; cdn it nhQng nghien cuu d cae nude dang phdt trien Vi vay, can thiet cd them nhieu nghien eim tren cac khdeh the Id ngudi cao tudi tir cd ndng thdn, thdnh thj vd nhieu ngudi sd hg tham chi khdng cd che hiru, khdng dugc tham gia bao hiem, sdng ciing chau tai ede viing ndng thdn vdi nhieu khd khdn ve thu nhap, mue sdng Nhung nghien eiiu ndy se phdn anh mgt buc tranh da dang ve ngudi eao tuii vdi diiu kien kinh te cu the Cac nghien cim ki tren eung da sir dung nhiiu phucmg phap, hinh thQc khdo sat khae nhu su dung thang dd dugc ehudn hoa v i thdi dd ky thj vdi ngudi gia (Enes, 2016); su dung eac menh de dd duge thiet ke gidng vd khdo sdt d nhdm dng ba va chau mgt edeh dde lap nhdm so sdnh danh gia eila hg ve eung mgt mdi quan he (Harwood, 2001), khao sat qua dien thoai (Weston va cgng sy, 2009), khdo sat bang thu duge cac sinh vien eung cap dja chi etia dng ba minh (Harwood, 2001) Nhung cdeh tiip can da dang nhu vay mdt mdt cho thay su linh boat viee nghien cuu vi ngudi cao tuii eung nhu mdi quan he giua hai nhdm; mat khde eung la ggi y eho cac nghien eiiu tiip theo viee so sanh thdi cua hai nhdm vdi ede ndi dung tim hiiu tuang tu Cdeh tiep can nhu vay se giiip eho nha nghien cuu ndm bdt duge thai dg, sy ddnh gid eua ca hai nhdm ddnh cho eung nhu sy ddnh gid v i ehinh ban thdn nhdm minh su tucmg tae vdi nhdm khdc Tdm lai, qua tdng quan mdt sd nghien ciiu tren thi gidi, ehung tdi nhdn thay, ede nghien euu iJa tap trung lam rd thdi do, mii quan he giOa thiiu nien vdi ngudi eao tuii, each thuc lam gidm thdi tieu cue giQa hai nhdm vd thuong duge tiin hanh d ede nude phuang Tay vdi dde thii iii sing, giao tiep nhat dinh Vi vay, viec tiin hanh nhung nghien eim vi chu di ndy cac nen van boa phuong Ddng vdi dde thu di cao chQ hiiu, truyin thing trgng lag de so sanh vdi nghien cim d phuang Tay se ddng gdp khdng nhd cho biic tranh chung vi thai dg vd mii quan he cua thiiu nien vdi ngudi cao tudi ddng chay nhQng edng trinh nghien cuu tren binh dien todn cdu 74 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Si (240), - 2019 Tai lieu tham khao Andrade D (2012) Predictors of Chinese college students' attitudes toward older adults National Conference on Undergraduate Research (NCUR) Vol Article 25 Baianowski Marc D (1984) Sex differences in adolescents'relations with grandparents Paper presented at the annual scientific meeting of the gerontological society (37"' San Antonio TS 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