Great cardiac vein, 31, 31f Ground substance, 1356 Grouped beating, 337–338 Growth failure of, mechanisms of growth factor hormone, 1496 hypermetabolism, 1495–1496 inadequate caloric intake, 1495 malabsorption, 1496 following cardiac transplantation, 1238 physical, assessment of, 1496 Growth factors cardiac development and, 51 growth and, 1496 Guangdong Registry of Congenital Heart Disease, 1511t–1514t Guidewires, for interventional techniques, 255 H Haloperidol, for carditis, 1017t Hammock mitral valve, 611 Harm, research studies on, critical appraisal of, 420–421 Head circumference, 1498t Head ultrasonography, of central nervous system, in Fontan pathway, 1291 Health care data, 403 Health-related quality of life, in complex congenital cardiac disease, 1403–1404 Health status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), 1459 Health system challenges, in low- and middle-income countries, 1521–1523, 1521b acquired heart disease, 1522–1523 congenital heart disease, 1521–1522, 1522t Heart abnormal positions, 913–926 criss-cross or twisted, 920–926, 920f–926f embryology of, 33–47, Cardiac embryology exteriorization of, 913–915, 914f–915f and heart-lung transplantation, 1217–1239 ABO-incompatible, 1222f, 1226 adult care, transition to, 1238 aerobic capacity and, 1235–1236 allograft vasculopathy and, 1232–1233, 1232f risk factors and diagnosis of, 1225t, 1232, 1233f–1234f treatment of, 1233 assessment prior to, 1221–1223, 1224b contraindications to, 1224–1226 development and, 1238 donor for, 1227–1228 exercise and, 1235–1236 functional status and, 1238 future directions for, 1239 growth and, 1238 HLA sensitization and, 1226–1227 hypertension following, 1238–1239 immunosuppression for, 1229, 1230f indications for, 1223–1224, 1224b infections following, 1236–1237 listing for, during fetal life, 1226–1227 with lung transplantation, 1238–1239 lymphoproliferative disorders following, 1225t, 1237–1238, 1237f, 1237t mechanical support as bridge to, 1224f, 1227, 1227f–1228f monitoring and surveillance after, 1229–1238 non-adherence to therapy and, 1238 outcomes with, 1217–1221 causes of death and, 1221, 1225t, 1226f mortality while awaiting transplantation and, 1217–1218 risk factors for death and, 1219–1220, 1224t–1225t survival after transplantation and, 1218–1219, 1222f–1224f post-operative complications of, 1229 posttransplant education and, 1229 psychosocial issues and, 1238 quality of life and, 1238 recipient management and, 1229 referral patterns and demographics of, 1217, 1218f–1221f rejection and, 1225t, 1226f, 1231f–1232f renal function following, 1237 retransplantation and, 1234, 1234f–1236f special considerations in, 1226–1227 surgical techniques for, 1228–1229 normal and the failing, function of, 1193–1196, 1194f position of, in isomeric atrial appendages, 449 relationships of, 913–926 as service organ, 381–382, 382f surgical view of, 313 Heart failure, 1426–1427 cardiac myocyte in, 1197–1198 chronic, 1193–1203 in chronic rheumatic heart disease, 1032 treatment of, 144 Heart fields, 60f Heart rate cardiac output and, 382, 382f fetal, 83 variability of, 103–104, 104f–105f maturational changes and, 83 Heart sound in Ebstein malformation, 591 in interatrial communication, 511 Heart transplant patients, in diagnostic catheterization, 251–252 Heart transplantation for cardiac tumors, 977 exercise testing following, 401 timing of, for Fontan failure, 1347–1348 Heart tube, embryology of, 33, 34f HeartMate II, in long-term mechanical circulatory support, 1209 HeartWare HVAD (Medtronic), 1209 Hemangioma, 927–928, 974