HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN ĐỀ THI MÔN TIẾNG ANH HẢI-ĐB BẮC BỘ Lớp 10 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN THÁI BÌNH Thời gian 180 phút ĐÁP ÁN ĐỀ XUẤT Ngày thi 14/7/2022 Ghi chú: - Thí sinh trả lời vào thi Nếu viết sai phải gạch bỏ viết lại - Thí sinh khơng sử dụng tài liệu, kể từ điển - Cán coi thi khơng giải thích thêm I LISTENING (50 POINTS) HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU Bài nghe gồm phần; phần nghe lần, lần cách 10 giây; mở đầu kết thúc phần nghe có tín hiệu Mở đầu kết thúc nghe có nhạc hiệu Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) có nghe Part 1: Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer DAY TEST DRIVING EDGEWORTH CITY CENTER (ENQUIRING) ONLINE Part 2: For questions 1-5, listen and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (T) https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1057245449 Transcript: Scientists have built a robotic fish powered by human heart cells NPR's Jon Hamilton reports that this feat is part of an effort to help people with failing hearts JON HAMILTON, BYLINE: The tiny fish are built from paper, plastic, gelatin and two strips of living heart muscle cells Sung-Jin Park of Emory University and Georgia Tech was part of the team that made them He says they tested some early models Then they put the rest in an incubator for a couple of weeks SUNG-JIN PARK: We opened up the incubator We can see that all of the fish is swimming by themselves HAMILTON: The fish kept swimming for more than three months And Park says the team felt sad when it came time to sacrifice their robots PARK: We feel like - I don't know - it's - we have this - kind of the emotional attachments to the fish HAMILTON: The experiment isn't really about fish, though It's about finding a way to repair or replace a damaged human heart Kit Parker of Harvard, another member of the team, says that's important because the body can't replace heart cells KIT PARKER: Once you're born, about two days after you leave the womb, the number of cardiac muscle cells you have then is all you're going to have for the rest of your life HAMILTON: Which is a problem if some of those cells get wiped out by a heart attack or inflammation - so why build a fish to test heart muscle? Parker says it's because a fish is really a kind of pump But instead of pumping blood through the body, it pumps itself through water PARKER: I really believe that there's a common design scheme, there's some fundamental laws of muscular pumps that are conserved from marine life forms to the human heart HAMILTON: In 2016, Parker's lab built a stingray using rodent heart cells controlled by light This time, the team relied on stem cell technology to produce human heart cells that don't need any external control One strip of muscle is attached to the right side of the fish, the other to the left, and Parker says the strips take turns pulling the robot's tail from side to side PARKER: And once that cycle starts, one side contracts The other side is getting stretched And then that cycle goes back and forth And these things just start motoring HAMILTON: Parker says signals produced by muscles stretching perpetuate the swimming motion PARKER: The really interesting thing about these fish which we weren't expecting is how long they would swim and how fast they would swim in the dish HAMILTON: Heart cells constantly rebuild themselves about every 20 days, and Parker says these fish swam for more than 100 days PARKER: That means that each cell in there has rebuilt itself about five times HAMILTON: Lab-grown heart tissue is still years away from use in patients For now though, this sort of model system could help researchers test heart drugs, says Ritu Raman, a mechanical engineer at MIT RITU RAMAN: You really need to know, how is something built in the native context, and how can we recreate that in the lab as closely as possible? HAMILTON: Raman's lab has made robots powered by skeletal muscle, including one that could recover from an injury RAMAN: This robot would get damaged, and then we would heal it And after a couple days, it was able to produce the same force and move and walk around just as it had before HAMILTON: Raman says robots powered by living cells make some people nervous, but they shouldn't RAMAN: All you're really doing is replacing an engine or a rotor or another piece that you would make in a machine with something that's made out of cells So I would not consider them living beings HAMILTON: But Raman says as more sophisticated biohybrids come along, her view could change Jon Hamilton, NPR News 1.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T Part For questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with the head of an employment agency about expectations in today’s job market Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided 1 B B D C A Source: Objective Proficiency Second Edition by Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp Interviewer: Diane Webber, you’ve switched careers more than once during your own working life, and you now run a highly regarded employment agency for media highfliers, where, above all, you advise your clients, both companies and applicants, to be fully flexible You seem to see this as a fundamental principle, if your agency slogan – ‘Keeping your options open’ – is anything to go by Is that a fair assessment of how you operate? Diane Webber: Absolutely I know that not so very long ago we used to see jobs for life as the norm, with unquestioning company loyalty, and a golden handshake at the end of it all – which, nine times out of ten, probably wasn’t in actual fact deserved – but things are very different now And yes, there does seem to be something positive in all this, despite the obvious question mark over security Successful players in the current job market cut their teeth in one firm, and are willing to step sideways more than once to gain fresh experience Unlike their predecessors, they may only progress up the rungs when they land their third or fourth job, or even later in their career It is increased movement brings benefits, not just for them, but for the companies they work for, too Interviewer: In spite of the instability? Surely, it’s important to have some continuity? Diane Webber: Well actually, it’s a mixed blessing Individuals can get terribly stale if they stick in one place for too long, especially if they report to managers who fail to challenge them That implies a hierarchy riddled with complacency and underachievement, which can no longer be tolerated in today’s fast-moving, dog-eat-dog world Also, much of today’s work consists of fixed-term projects, done in teams, and if one or two members drop out along the way, it really doesn’t matter, provided that the team remains an entity The one exception to this is the team leaders themselves, who are not only the driving force, but the guardians of the project, who hold important historical detail in their heads, so yes, continuity is important there But even then, it’s a clearly denied cycle We’re frequently approached by highly-experienced team leaders who, having completed one project, decide they can’t face even the slightest which of repetition and so come to us seeking fresh challenges Interviewer: And they manage to find work? Diane Webber: Oh, they’re snapped up! Because generally speaking, a project-based job can easily demonstrate a track record, it’s there in the successful completion of the project Interviewer: And these people would have no problem getting references from the employers they’re essentially walking out on? I would have thought that that could be an issue … Diane Webber: Employers don’t view it like that at all Their mindset is different now, as I said earlier, and companies actually take steps to foster a more dynamic environment, as they feel this yields better productivity, though the jury’s still out on this, in my view Nevertheless, with a few of people, there’s a quantum leap in terms of the ideas generated, not to mention the chance of new ways of problem-solving imported from elsewhere These effects are tangible and they’re often very attractive because they’re perceived as lean and efficient, instant solutions, even if they generally turn out to be only quick fixes which later have to be reversed Interviewer: Ah, but isn’t that the nub of it all, that this shifting and fragmented approach leads to poor decisions? Of course, the perpetrators are never taken to task, as they’ve already made a quick exit and are knocking on your door for another job! Diane Webber: That’s a bit unfair! For one thing, there’ve always been bad decisions No company can rely on its personnel to make the right choices one hundred per cent of the time – even with the help of highly-paid outside consultants, staff will continue to get it wrong from time to time However, I’d argue that it’s the mediocre employees, who just want to keep their heads down, who are far more likely to cause problems than the risk-takers, who, don’t forget, are only as employable as their last success Interviewer: Ruthless … Diane Webber: Pragmatic! Interviewer: Which brings us neatly back to your slogan, doesn’t it? Keeping your options open How far you encourage people to go in this? Diane Webber: With new opportunities opening up all the time, the sky’s the limit really It’s certainly never too late to contemplate a move, and so the maxim has to be, don’t rule anything in or out Interviewer: We’ll end on that positive note Diane Webber, thank you Diane Webber: It’s been a pleasure Part For questions 1-10, listen and fill in each gap with a suitable word or phrase https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1057245449 STEVE INSKEEP, BYLINE: We're moving into the third year of the pandemic, and a lot of people have now had COVID-19 In fact, scientists estimate the vast majority of Americans have been infected at some point By the end of this month, it might be 80% of us at one time or another who have been infected So, here's a question If most of us have been infected or vaccinated, or vaccinated and infected, can we just return to normal now? Well, maybe not But we've been asking NPR global health correspondent Michaeleen Doucleff to figure out what this does mean Hey there, Michaeleen MICHAELEEN DOUCLEFF, BYLINE: Hi, Steve INSKEEP: Where does that 80% figure come from? DOUCLEFF: You know, it's hard to know exactly the percentage because many COVID cases go undetected INSKEEP: Sure DOUCLEFF: And as we'll learn, there can be reinfections But roughly, researchers at Georgia Tech estimate that before omicron, about 40% of Americans had been infected And researchers at the University of Washington predict about 40% of Americans will catch omicron INSKEEP: So, 40% plus 40% - that's 80% That's most of us Does that mean that most people, whether they're vaccinated or not, have some protection from the disease? DOUCLEFF: Yes So, they are protected in a particular way So, what scientists are beginning to realize is having a symptomatic infection typically triggers a strong immune response and gives good protection against severe disease in future surges Laith Abu-Raddad has been researching this topic for over a year He's an epidemiologist at Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar And in a recent study, he measured a person's risk of getting hospitalized during their second infection compared to their first LAITH ABU-RADDAD: Those who get reinfected had 90% lower chance of getting hospitalized than those who had a primary infection DOUCLEFF: And he says there's growing evidence that this protection lasts quite a long time - perhaps a few years INSKEEP: Wow So you have a tiny fraction of the odds of going to the hospital with a serious illness if you catch it again DOUCLEFF: Yes It's quite extraordinary And it means that over time, COVID will be less of a problem for society as a whole ABU-RADDAD: That would be really good news because then it will allow us to live with the pandemic in a much easier way DOUCLEFF: Now, Abu-Raddad is quick to point out that this long-term protection is seen with healthy people under age 50 and is likely less for people who are older or who have underlying health conditions INSKEEP: I'm glad you're giving us some exceptions because I want to sort this out There have been, throughout the pandemic, some people who've suggested if they just get COVID once, well, now they're immune And scientists and doctors have pushed back and said it doesn't actually provide you that much protection Are doctors now saying it does provide you a lot of protection? DOUCLEFF: So early on, the thinking, you know, that it didn't provide much protection was based on very preliminary data, which hasn't actually panned out In fact, having COVID for healthy people may actually offer better protection than the vaccine against future variants A recent study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that a prior infection offered nearly three times the protection against hospitalization during the delta surge than two shots of the vaccine did But having both - being vaccinated and having had an infection - gives the best protection INSKEEP: Does that mean that somebody who really locked down and wore the N95 mask and followed all the rules and did not get infected - that minority that's never been infected - are they even at a disadvantage now? DOUCLEFF: No, no, no People should still be taking precautions Remember, even though cases are dropping here, more than 2,000 Americans are dying each day That's more than 10 times the death rate seen with the flu INSKEEP: Is that the reason that you would still not say to people, go ahead and get this disease and get it over with? DOUCLEFF: Yeah, absolutely This is still a very scary disease There's no guarantee your first infection is going to be mild, so you don't want to deliberately get infected INSKEEP: But if you're one of the people for whom this is out of their hands because they've already been infected, and maybe they've been vaccinated and infected, does that mean they won't get COVID again? DOUCLEFF: You know, that was the hope - right? - that once we're all vaccinated and had a bout of COVID, we wouldn't catch COVID again But Jeffrey Townsend at Yale University says, with this virus, that's not going to happen JEFFREY TOWNSEND: Yes, reinfections are possible In fact, they're pretty much inevitable At least all the evidence that we have now says that's true DOUCLEFF: Some of that evidence comes from Townsend and his colleagues studying the other coronaviruses, which are related to SARS-CoV-2 but are different These viruses cause the common cold TOWNSEND: They all infect and reinfect on a, you know, several-year timescale And there's no reason to expect something different from this virus DOUCLEFF: He says the risk of reinfection is very low for about three to six months right after you're sick But then the risk grows, and many people will be reinfected every year or two INSKEEP: So, your immunity wanes But you have that three- to six-month period right after you've been infected Can you take fewer precautions then? DOUCLEFF: You know, that is the period when you are best protected, especially if you're vaccinated But, of course, your risk depends on your personal situation, like whether you have kids in school or you're exposed often at work And it also depends on the virus - how much it changes During the delta surge, a previous infection offered about 85% protection against reinfection But with omicron, that protection dropped down to 55% So, the chance of reinfection was much higher So that will likely happen again with a future variant INSKEEP: Michaeleen, can you talk us through one other thing? It's been hard for me to get my brain around this I would have thought a vaccine was to prevent me from getting the disease It turns out that if my immune system is boosted in some way, I might be good at preventing severe disease, but I might still be infected How could that be? DOUCLEFF: Yeah And it's what many scientists are talking about right now And some believe this is a deliberate decision by the immune system Jonathan Yewdell is an immunologist at the National Institutes of Health, and he spoke about this on the podcast "This Week In Virology." He says that your immune system has decided that with coronaviruses, it's not worth stopping the infection, as long as it can stop serious illness JONATHAN YEWDELL: You know, you might not think when you're in bed with 106 fever, you know, and crying for your spouse to help you 'cause you could barely move that this is good enough But as long as you recovered from that, then the immune system would say, you know, mission accomplished DOUCLEFF: He says, you know, the immune system is built to keep us alive, not stop every sickness or asymptomatic infection or give us a negative PCR test So, Steve, the future of COVID is a lot more infections, but hopefully a lot fewer hospitalizations and deaths INSKEEP: NPR's Michaeleen Doucleff - always a pleasure - thanks DOUCLEFF: Thank you, Steve immune primary underlying future the best response infection health variants protection conditions three to immune 10 coronaviruses six months system asymptomatic hospitalizations infection II LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 points) Part For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following questions Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided B D B C C A B C A 10 C 11 A 12 B 13 C 14 A 15 B 16 B 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 B Part For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided 1 shilly-shally vouchsafed artfully presentiment righteous presentable grandeur nonsensical profundity 10 abnegation Part 3: Fill in each space with one suitable preposition or particle down against to back over over in off to 10 on III READING (50 points) Part For questions 1-10, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided Your answers: born investment flood attention advantage natural A B C D B B when vicious abundance 10 black-andwhite Part For questions 1-10, decide which word best fits each blank by choosing the letter A, B, C or D C C A 10 C Part Read the passage then choose the correct answer to each question B B A C D C C D C 10 A H NOT GIVEN I TRUE E FALSE A 10 FALSE Part G C IV WRITING Part Line chart Contents (10pts) - The report MUST cover the following points: * Introduce the charts (2 pts) and state the overall trends and striking features (2pts) * Describe main features with relevant data from the charts and make relevant comparisons (6pts) - The report MUST NOT contain personal opinions (A penalty of pt to pts will be given to personal opinions found in the answer) Language use (5 pts) The report: - should demonstrate a wide variety of lexical and grammatical structures, - should have correct use of words (verb tenses, word forms, voice, ) and mechanics (spelling, punctuations, ) Part 2: (30 points) The mark given to part is based on the following criteria: Task achievement (10 pts) a ALL requirements of the task are sufficiently addressed b Ideas are adequately supported and elaborated with relevant and reliable explanations, examples, evidence, Organization (10 pts) a Ideas are well organized and presented with coherence, cohesion and unity b The essay is well-structured: * Introduction is presented with clear thesis statement * Body paragraph are written with unity, coherence and cohesion Each body paragraph must have a topic sentence and supporting details and examples when necessary * Conclusion summarizes the main points and offers personal opinions (prediction, recommendation, consideration, ) on the issue Language use (5 pts) a Demonstration of a variety of topic-related vocabulary b Excellent use and control of grammatical structures Punctuation, spelling and handwriting (5 pts) a Correct punctuation and no spelling mistakes b Legible handwriting ... side of the fish, the other to the left, and Parker says the strips take turns pulling the robot's tail from side to side PARKER: And once that cycle starts, one side contracts The other side... are sufficiently addressed b Ideas are adequately supported and elaborated with relevant and reliable explanations, examples, evidence, Organization (10 pts) a Ideas are well organized and presented... pandemic in a much easier way DOUCLEFF: Now, Abu-Raddad is quick to point out that this long-term protection is seen with healthy people under age 50 and is likely less for people who are older