259 pedal free play = the distance a pedal moves until a slight resistance is felt / pedal pulsation = vibration of the brake pedal when depressed, caused by a defective disc or drum
Trang 1253
Pp
P (a) (gear selector) = PARK: Tay số
P (đậu) (hộp số tự động)
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (150km/h or
95mph): Ký tự trên vỏ xe chỉ tốc
độ tối đa 150km/h
p/a (short for) POWER-ASSISTED:
Trợ lực
packed glandn.(pump) Cylindrical
recess that accommodates a
number of rings of packing around
the shaft or shaft sleeve: Rãnh đặt
bạc trên trục (bơm)
(NOTE: also called stuffing box)
pad (short for) BRAKE PAD: Má
phanh
pad retainer (pin) n pin which
locates the brake pad in a disc
brake: Chốt giữ má phanh
(phanh)
pagoda (-style) roof n unusual roof
design, introduced on the
Mercedes-Benz SL Hardtop,
which was slightly lower in the
centre than at the sides: Mui xe
kiểu tháp
paint 1 n any pigmented liquid,
liquefiable, or mastic composition
designed for application to a
substrate on a thin layer which is
converted to a solid film after
application: Sơn
2 v In an automotive context,
painting usually means spray
painting: Phun sơn
paint booth n closed section in
a painting line in which coats of
paint are applied: Phòng sơn
paint chip book n = COLOUR
CHART: Biểu đồ màu (sơn)
paint colour matching n determining the correct paint shade with the aid of colour charts and special mixing devices and, in difficult cases, via spectral
analysis: Sự chọn màu sơn cho phù hợp khi sơn dặm
painting line n route taken (and processes undergone) by the
manufactured vehicle on its way
through the paint shop: Dây chuyền sơn
painting robot n robot used for
paint application: Người máy được
dùng cho việc sơn
paint refinishing n the various steps involved in repainting a
secondhand car: Các bước khi sơn lại xe cũõ
paint shop n (a) production stage in
an automobile manufacturing plant during which the bodywork is
treated with paint: Phân xưởng sơn
(b) separate paint repair shop,
usually near a body repair shop
(i.e for damaged vehicles): Phòng sơn
paint stripper n liquid paint
remover: Thiết bị cạo bỏ sơn
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paint system n the sum of all
coats of paint on a work: Các lớp
sơn
paintwork n overall result of
painting; the paint coating or
finish: Sơn
PAIR system n = PULSE AIR
SYSTEM: Hệ thống dùng rung
động khí thải để nạp không khí
vào đường thải
palladium n white, ductile, malleable,
noble metal of the platinum
family; atomic number 46, atomic
weight 106.4: resembles platinum
and together with other platinum
metals is used as a catalyst in
automotive exhaust converters:
Palađi (hóa học)
pane n sheet of a window glass:
Tấm kính
panel n (a) part made from sheet
metal; e.g door panel: Bảng, tấm
(thép)
(b) plastic moulding; e.g interior
trim of doors: Khung nhựa
panel beater n (a) person
who beats out the dented
bodywork of a damaged vehicle
(b) = PANEL HAMMER: Thợ
đồng
panel beating n beating out the
dents in damaged bodywork: Gò
thùng xe
panel bonding n new repair
process using a special adhesive to
glue body panels in place instead
of spot-welding them: Phương
pháp mới sửa thùng xe bằng
dùng chất keo đặt biệt để dán
panel cutter n air-operated tool
used to cut out old panels: Máy cắt khung cũ (làm đồng)
panel flanger n = JOGGLER:
Máy gấp tấm
panel hammer n special hammer for metalworking that has two differently-shaped heads for different purpose, e.g cross-peen
and shrinking hammer: Búa gò thân xe
panelling n (a) a combination
of separate sheet metal panels to form a complete assembly, e.g the outer panels of the body or even
the panels surrounding the engine: Tổ hợp khung vỏ xe
(b) plastic moulding; e.g interior trim of doors: Khung nhựa (gắn tableau)
panel picking n straightening very fine indentations or marks of very small diameter on a panel
surface with a pick hammer: Gò tinh
panel puller n tool with slide hammer
and hook or self-threading screw tip to pull dented doors, wings and other sheet metal panels back into
place: Dụng cụï kéo khung vỏ (NOTE: US English is knocker)
Panhard rod n transversely mounted
bar between a beam axle and the vehicle body as a lateral location
of the axle: Thanh xoắn Panhard
Panhard rod mounting box = box section used to mount the
Panhard rod of the rear axle: Giá lắp thanh xoắn Panhard
panoramic windscreen n a windscreen style popular in the
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1950s and’60s that featured
recessed screen pillars, giving a
wide, unobstructed view of the
road; entry for the front passengers
was awkward, since the screen
pillar corners projected into the
door opening: Kính xe nhìn được
bao quát
pantechnicon n large van or lorry,
especially one for moving
furniture: Xe vận tải lớn để
chuyên chở đồ gỗ
parabolic reflector n old headlight
reflector in the shape of a
parabola, now replaced by
ellipsoidal reflectors: Gương phản
xạ đèn pha có dạng parabôn
parabolic spring n leaf spring
tapered in the shape of a parabola:
Lá nhíp dạng đường parabôn
paraffin n in automotive applications,
used as a solvent for removing
grease: Dầu lửa
(NOTE: US English is kerosene)
parallel 1 a the same distance apart
at every point: Song song
2 n two or more electrical
components each receiving the
same voltage: Thiết bị điện mắc
song song
3 v to connect in parallel: Nối
song song
parallel action locking pliers
n locking pliers with parallel
action jaws, e.g for pinching off
hoses when servicing cooling
systems: Kìm khóa miệng song
song
parallel circuit n electric
circuit in which the individual
components are connected
between two points, with one of the two ends of each component connected to each point; arrangement used in the vehicle
electrical system: Mạch điện song song
parallelism n (of brake discs)
same thickness all the way round: sự mòn đều đĩa phanh
parallel key n = FEATHER
KEY: Chìa khóa miệng
parallelogram steering
(system) n steering system with a
drop arm and idler arm: Hệ thống lái hình bình hành
parallelogram suspension n =
SUSPENSION: Hệ thống treo hình bình hành
parallel trailing link
suspension n front suspension
layout used primarily by
Volkswagen on rear-engined cars: Hệ thống treo trước với các đòn kéo song song
parallel twin n type of engine usually
found on traditional British
two-cylinder motorcycles: loại động cơ hai xy lanh của Anh dùng cho xe gắn máy
parallel valves n inlet and exhaust
valves with parallel valves stems: Các sú páp đặt song song (hút và thải)
parent panel n the panel left in
place on the car to which a new panel is welded after all the rusted
metal has been cut out: Phần còn lại của khung mục khi làm đồng
park (P) 1 n one of the positions of
the gear selector for an automatic
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gearbox; when engaged (after the
vehicle has come to a complete
standstill) the driving wheels are
locked: Tay số đậu
2 v to leave a vehicle in a
particular place: Đỗ xe
parking brake n mechanically
operated brake that is independent
of the foot-operated service brakes
on the vehicle; set when the
vehicle is parked, usually by hand
(handbrake) but sometimes by foot
on some American cars: Phanh
(phanh) tay
parking brake console =
reinforcing member incorporated
in the centre tunnel area of the
floorpan to provide the mounting
support for the handbrake: Giá đỡ
cần kéo phanh tay
parking brake lever = (inside
drum brake) lever which spreads
the brake shoes outward; the long
end is connected to the parking
brake shoe and to a push bar which
acts on the other shoe : Cần đẩy
guốc phanh
parking brake lever strut =
push bar between the shoes in a
drum brake: Thanh đẩy guốc
phanh
parking brake pedal =
foot-operated pedal for the parking
brake: Bàn đạp phanh tay
parking disc n marker
displayed on the inside of a parked
car showing time of arrival (of
latest permitted time of departure):
Bảng thông báo thời gian đỗ xe
parking heater n air heating system
which operates independently of
the engine: Hệ thống sưởi nóng hoạt động độc lập với động cơ
energy-LH or RH side: Đèn đỗ xe
parking lock (PL) n block gear and pawl that lock the transmission
mechanically: Cơ cấu khóa ở tay số đậu
parking lot n US (ground level,
outdoor) car park: Bãi đậu xe
parking meter n coin-operated timing device that indicates how long a vehicle may legally remain
parked: Thiết bị báo thời gian có thể đỗ xe
parking space n parking place
reserved for a particular vehicle: Nơi đỗ
parking ticket n written fine
for a parking offence: Phiếu phạt đỗ xe không đúng chỗ
park/ neutral safety switch n
SWITCH: Công tắc an toàn khởi động
part n component: Thành phần,
phần, phụ tùng
partial flow filter n = BYPASS
FILTER: Bộ lọc mạch rẽ
partial respray n respraying
part of the bodywork: Sự sơn lại một phần thân xe
Trang 5257
(NOTE: opposite is full or
complete respray)
particulate catalyst n pellet
catalyst: chất xúc tác dạng hạt
particulate emission n
emission of solid particles of
carbon and unburnt hydrocarbons
from the exhaust system: Hạt
muội than trong khí thải
particulate emission limit =
weight of particulate emissions in
the exhaust of diesel engines,
specified in grams per mile: Sự
giới hạn lượng hạt muội than
trong khí thải
particulate ignition
temperature n in diesel filtration
tests, the exhaust gas temperature
at which there is an equilibrium
between particulate burn-off and
deposit build-up: Nhiệt độ của khí
thải giữa điểm tự làm sạch và
điểm kết muội
particulate matter (PM) or
particulates n suspended solids
of carbon and unburnt
hydrocarbons from the exhaust
system: Than đóng lại trên pô
part-load operation n operation of
systems and components under
conditions below full load: Sự
hoạt động với một phần tải
part out v US to break up for spares:
Rã xe lấy phụ tùng
part panel n = PATCH PANEL:
Miếng đắp (làm đồng)
parts catalogue n catalogue listing
available spare parts: Danh mục
phụ tùng
part(s) number (p/n, PN) n
reference number attributed to
particular part: Mã số phụ tùng
part-throttle operation n driving
without using full throttle: chạy
với cánh bướm ga mở một phần part-time four-wheel drive n
manually selectable four-wheel
drive: Chọn dẫn động bốn bánh bằng tay
STEERING: Hệ thống lái có trợ lực
pascal (Pa) n SI measurement of
pressure (= ten newton per square
centimeter): Đơn vị đo áp suất
pass v to overtake: Vượt passenger car n (usually) four-
wheeled motor car powered by an
IC engine and designed for
designed for tubeless tyres: Bánh
xe liền khối
passenger compartment or
passenger cell n part of the car
in which the driver and passengers
sit: Khoang hành khách
passenger-side air bag n an air bag restraint system designed to protect the front passenger; introduced on some cars in the early 1990s, it usually occupies the space normally provided for a
glove compartment: Túi khí dành cho hành khách
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passivate v to reduce the reactivity of
a chemically active metal surface
by electrochemical polarization or
by immersion in a passivating
solution: Làm thụ động hóa, làm
chậm phản ứng (ăn mòn)
passive safety n features designed
to alleviate the consequences of a
crash, such as air bags, collapsible
steering column, head restraints,
toughened windscreen, etc.: Sự an
toàn thụ động
(NOTE: opposite is active safety)
patching n repair method for welding
up local corrosion damage by using
smaller panels made up from sheet
metal: Sự đắp vá (hàn thân xe)
patch panel n small sheet
metal panel that is usually made
up specially to repair minor rust
holes: Miếng vá, tấm ráp nối
pattern panel n body panel made by
somebody other than the original
manufacturer, usually for repair
purposes; this also includes panels
remanufactured after the spare
parts supplies from the factory
have been discontinued: Tấm
thùng xe tự gò
pawl n (a) an arm pivoted so that its
free end can fit into a notch, slot,
or groove at certain times in order
to hold a part stationary (b) catch
at the bottom of a lever which
connects with a toothed rack to
hold the lever in position (e.g with
a handbrake lever or in ratchets):
Móc gài, con cóc,chốt chặn
payload n the revenue-earning cargo
of a commercial vehicle or the
weight of the cargo: Trọng tải
PB = POWER BRAKES: Trợ lực phanh (phanh)
POLYCARBONATE
pcb = PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD:
Bảng mạch in
PCD = PITCH CIRCLE DIAMETER
PCV valve = usually located on the
cylinder head cover, this valve allows a certain amount of crankcase blow-by gases to be metered into the intake system for
burning: Van thông khí hộp các
te
POLYELLIP-SOIDAL
peak power n point of maximum
torque: Mo ment cực đại
peak revs n point of maximum
engine speed: Số vòng quay tối
đa
peaky a (of an engine) only able to deliver useful power at high revs, necessitating frequent
gearchanges: Xe chạy ở tốc độ quá cao cần thiết phải chuyển số
pedal n foot-operated lever: Bàn
đạp
pedal clearance = the distance between the pedal and the floor, when the pedal is fully depressed; reference points may vary: Khoảng hở bàn đạp
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pedal free play = the distance
a pedal moves until a slight
resistance is felt / pedal pulsation
= vibration of the brake pedal
when depressed, caused by a
defective disc or drum (or when
ABS is activated): Sự rung động
của bàn đạp phanh (phanh
ABS)
pedals = the accelerator pedal,
brake pedal and clutch pedal: Các
bàn đạp
pedal travel = the total stroke
of a pedal: Hành trình tự do của
bàn đạp
peen n ball-shaped, or narrow
wedge-shaped end of a hammer head
opposite the flattened striking
face: Đầu mũi búa
peen hammer = body hammer
with a peen of triangular section
with a fairly sharply shaped end:
Búa đầu tam giác
peening n flattening or
shaping with a peen hammer: Sự
gò bằng búa
PE headlight n headlight with a gas
discharge lamp and a
poly-ellipsoidal reflector: đèn đầu với
bóng cao áp và choá hình
polyellipsoid
pein n = PEEN: Đầu mũi búa
pellet-type catalytic converter n
the first type of automotive
catalytic converter, introduced in
the USA in 1975: Bộ xúc tác loại
pendulum impact test n the standard
test methods are the Izod and Charpy test; the specimens have a standard notch machined in them, and the impact energy absorbed in
breaking the specimen is recorded: Sự kiểm tra độ cứng bằng con lắc
penetrating oil n thin oil used to
loosen corroded parts: Dầu nới lỏng những phần bị ăn mòn
pent crown piston n piston design
with a sloping, pent-roof shaped piston crown to improve the flow
of the fuel/ air mixture and to increase engine compression: Piston đầu vát nghiêng
pent-roof combustion chamber
n combustion chamber whose top
is angled like a roof: Buồng cháy kiểu vát nghiêng
performance n (a) the general way a
car (or any other machine or
material handles: tính năng xe (b) specifically, a car’s
acceleration and top speed: Đặc tính gia tốc và số vòng quay cực đại
performance characteristics of
materials n specific values for
materials, obtained by standard test methods and available for the
selection of appropriate materials: Đặc điểm, đặc tính của vật liệu
performance handling system
n typically consists of front and
rear anti-roll bars, nitrogen-filled gas shock absorbers, special
springs: Hệ thống điều khiển tính năng xe
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performance tuning n efforts
to improve vehicle performance in
particular, such as upgraded
suspension, higher engine output
and/ or torque, or drag-reducing
measures, such as the addition of
spoilers: Sự điều chỉnh để cải
thiện tính năng xe
perimeter frame n type of frame
widely used for American car that
incorporates separate frames; the
side and crossmembers form a
border that surrounds the
passenger compartment: Sườn xe
dạng uốn tròn
permanent four-wheel drive n
permanently engaged four-wheel
drive (with lockable or limited-slip
differentials): Sự dẫn động bốn
bánh thường xuyên
permanent magnet n magnetic
material such as hardened steel
that has been strongly magnetized
and retains its magnetism
indefinitely; used in electric
machines: Nam châm vĩnh cửu
personal(ized) numberplate n
numberplate chosen (at a cost) by
a vehicle’s owner, rather than one
allocated by the authorities (in the
UK, the DVLA): Bảng số do chủ
xe chọn số (đẹp)
Perspex dẻo
petroil lubrication n a lubrication
method for two-stroke engines
where the oil is added to the fuel
and lubricates the moving engine
parts as the air/ fuel mixture
passes through the crankcase: Sự bôi trơn bằng xăng pha nhớt
petrol n liquid blend of hydrocarbons
refined from petroleum, used as a
fuel for SI engines: xăng (NOTE: US English is gasoline or gas)
petrol engine = spark ignition engine, using petrol as a fuel: Động cơ xăng
petroleum n the crude oil from which petrol, lubricating oil, and other such products are
refined: Dầu thô
petroleum jelly = whitish jelly-like substance obtained from petroleum, used as a lubricant and
as a protection against corrosion: Mỡ bôi trơn (mỡ bò)
petrol pump n pump which
dispenses petrol at a filling station: Bơm xăng ở trạm bán xăng (NOTE: US English is gas pump)
petrol station n filling station:
Trạm xăng dầu, cây xăng (NOTE: US English is gas station)
petrol tanker n specially equipped lorry for transporting
petrol/ fuel: Xe bồn chở xăng dầu
PFI = PORT FUEL INJECTION: Phun xăng đa điểm
phase-locked loop circuitry see PLL
CIRCUITRY
Phillips screw n proprietary type of
cross-head screw: Vít đầu rãnh chữ thập, vít pa-ke
Phillips screwdriver = proprietary type of cross-head
screwdriver: Tua nơ vít đầu chữ thập
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phosphate coating n conversion
coating produced by phosphating:
Lớp áo (sơn) ngoài bằng
phôtphat
phosphate section = section in
a painting line in which phosphate
treatment is performed: Bộ phận
xử lý phôtphat
phosphate treatment =
treatment of metals with a
phosphating solution to produce a
phosphate conversion coating on
the surface: Sự xử lý photphat
phosphating n = PHOSPHATE
TREATMENT: Sự xử lý bằng
photphat
phosphating solution =
solution of phosphoric acid, often
enriched with zinc, used during the
bodywork production process for
cleaning and rust prevention: Dung
dịch photphat kẽm (chống ăn
mòn)
pH value n measure of the
concentration of hydrogen ions in a
solution, which shows how acid or
alkaline it is pH: Độ pH
pick and finishing hammer n
widely used type of body hammer
with a pointed end on one side and
a shallow domed end for finishing
on the other side: Búa đầu nhọn
và đầu vòm
pick hammer = hammer with a round
head for conventional planishing
and a small pick-shaped head for
working away in sharp or tight
corners: Búa đầu nhọn
( NOTE: not to be confused with a
bullet-point pick hammer, which
has a more blunt pick, nor with peen hammer)
pickling n removal of oxide or mill
scale from the surface of a metal
by immersion, usually in an acidic
or alkaline solution: làm sạch gỉ bằng cách nhúng vào dung dịch acid hoặc bazơ
pickling attack = initial chemical reaction between phosphating solutions and metal
surface in phosphate treatment: Phản ứng của dung dịch tẩy với bề mặt kim loại
pick-up n (a) transfer of material, as
between bearing and shaft, caused
by friction and heat due to lack of
oil; can lead to seizure: Sự dính 2 bề mặt do thiếu bôi trơn
(b) small truck with an open body and low sides: Xe tải nhỏ, không mui, thành thấp
(NOTE: called a utility or
informally ute in Australia)
pick-up coil n coil in which voltage is induced in magnetic
pick-up assembly: Cuộn dây cảm biến điện từ
pick-up module = activated device which sends a signal to the ignition unit of an
trigger-electronic ignition system: Cụm cảm biến điện từ
pick-up pipe n = OIL
PICK-UP (PIPE): Ống dẫn dầu
pick-up screen = OIL PUMP
STRAINER: Lọc bơm dầu
pick-up tool n tool with a flexible or rigid shaft and a claw type pick-up end; used to retrieve
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small objects from hard-to-reach
areas: Dụng cụ gắp vật rơi
pig iron n produced in blast furnaces,
pig iron is the raw material for
practically all iron and steel
products; contains about 3-5%
carbon: Gang
pigtail n = WIRING PIGTAIL: Đầu
dây điện ngắn nhô ra từ thiết bị
điện
piling n the build-up of metal on a
contact breaker point: sự dịch
chuyển kim loại trên mặt vít lửa
(NOTE: opposite is pitting)
pill n jet in the fuel-return line
which establishes the mixture:
Giclơ cân bằng hỗn hợp trên
đường ống hồi nhiên liệu
pillar n post between the roof and
the waistline; from front to rear,
there are A-, B-, C-, and D-pillars:
Trụ đỡ, trụ chống
pillar jack n = TOWER
JACK: Con đội hình tháp, con
đội chết
pillar light n courtesy light
mounted on the central pillar: Đèn
trụ cửa
pilot bearing n US = SPIGOT
BEARING: Ổ lót dẫn hướng
pilot hole n hole which acts as
a guide when drilling a larger hole
or for a self-tapping screw: Lỗ dẫn
hướng
pilot jet n jet in the idling
circuit of a fixed jet carburettor
which measures and a admits fuel:
Giclơ cầm chừng
pilot shaft n dummy shaft
which is used to align parts and is
removed before final assembly of
the parts: Trục dẫn hướng
pin n bar used as a pivot or swivel
(e.g kingpin, swivel pin) , or as a fastener (e.g cotter pin, dowel
pin): Chốt, trục
pinging n US = PINKING:Tiếng gõ pinholing n tiny bubbles in the finish
that are often grouped together; caused by trapped solvents, moisture or air released from the
film: Lỗ nhỏ trên lớp sơn
pinion (gear) n a gearwheel which
engages with a rack or larger wheel and whose diameter is not much larger than the diameter of
its shaft or axle: Bánh răng nhỏ
pinion shaft n short drive shaft in the rear axle connecting the prop shaft to the crown wheel
via the final drive pinion: Trục bánh răng bên của bán trục
pinking or US pinging n metallic,
pinging noise caused by detonation or partial detonation in the combustion chamber of a cylinder, usually due to low-octane fuel or over-advanced
ignition: Tiếng gõ kích nổ
pin punch n tool with a parallel shaft
for use with a hammer to drive out
pins, shafts, rivets, etc.: Chỉa bẩy, xà beng
pin slider caliper disc brake n disc
brake design with a sliding caliper: Bộ kẹp phanh (phanh) đĩa với chốt trượt
Pinstriping n thin, precisely contoured
lines along certain body features; they may extend along the whole car and finish off in elaborate,
Trang 11263
bouquet-like designs: Đường viền
thân xe
pinstriping tool = painting tool
used to apply thin, precise lines on
the body, e.g on motorcycle tanks
and to enhance car body contours:
Dụng cụ tạo đường viền
pintaux nozzle n pintle-type diesel
fuel injector nozzle with a hold in
the side through which a very
small amount of fuel is sprayed
when the needle valve is partly
opened at low pressure, before the
main hole comes into use: Một
dạng kim phun diesel
pintle n (a) the needle of the
injection valve in a diesel fuel
injector: Van kim
(b) vertical bolt or pin in a towing
bracket, to which the towbar is
attached: Cái chốt, trục kéo xe
pintle nozzle = injector nozzle
containing the pintle: Vòi phun
chứa van kim
pipework n system of pipes: Hệ
thống ống dẫn
pipe wrench n adjustable spanner
with serrated jaws: Mỏ lếch răng
piping n (a) system of pipes: Hệ
thống ống dẫn
(b) rubber or plastic strip inserted
between two removable panels,
i.e between a bolt-on wing and
the body, to cover up the joint and
to prevent water getting in; with
the piping inserted, only the round
bead along the upper edge of the
piping is visible: Ống roong
piston n the reciprocating element
in a reciprocating piston engine:
Piston
piston bore n diameter of the bore
in the cylinder block in which the piston moves back and forth between top dead centre (TDC)
and bottom dead centre (BDC) : Đường kính piston
piston charging pump n either the function of the piston of the two-stroke engine to pre-compress the fresh charge induced into the crankcase, or a separate piston used in earlier two-stroke engine designs to provide a supercharging
effect: Bơm nạp kiểu piston
piston (-type) compressor n compressor in an air-conditioning system with one or more pistons arranged in either an in-line, axial,
radial or V-configuration: Máy nén loại piston
piston crown n the end of the piston
facing the valves: Đỉnh piston
piston damper n small damper piston
in an SU or Stromberg carburettor which attenuates the movement of
the large air piston in the venturi: Piston giảm chấn (chế hoà khí)
piston diaphragm n flexible membrane which displaces under pressure, imparting movement to the piston in a Stromberg
carburettor: Màng truyền động cho piston (bộ chế hòa khí
Stromberg)
piston engine n internal combustion engine in which a piston is displaced by thermal expansion of gases; the concept includes reciprocating engines and rotary engines, but is usually used with reference to the common
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reciprocating engine: Động cơ
piston
piston extension screw n
stroke limiting screw between the
primary piston and secondary
piston stop: Vít chỉnh hành trình
piston
piston head n = PISTON
CROWN: Đỉnh piston
piston land n the raised
portion between two piston ring
grooves: Gờ rãnh xéc măng
piston lifter n pin in the base
of the piston chamber in an SU or
Stromberg carburettor, used to
check the strength of the mixture
and the free movement of the
piston: Chốt kiểm tra lượng hỗn
hợp và hành trình của piston
(trong bộ chế hòa khí SU và
Stromberg)
piston material n the
materials from which pistons are
made are grey cast or light alloys;
most light alloys consist of an
aluminium-silicon alloy: Vật liệu
làm piston
piston pin n US = GUDGEON
PIN: Chốt piston
piston ring n one of usually three
metal rings installed in grooves in
the piston which seal the small
clearance between the piston and
the cylinder wall: Xéc măng
piston ring clamp n special
automotive tool used for installing
pistons: Dụng cụ ép xéc măng
(khi lắp piston)
piston ring flutter n oscillations of a
piston ring which mainly occur at
high engine speed and thus can
cause breakage: Sự rung lắc xecmăng
piston ring groove n one of the grooves round the top of a
piston into which a piston ring fits: Rãnh xecmăng
piston ring groove cleaner = special automotive tool to remove carbon and varnishes from piston grooves before installing piston
rings: Dụng cụ làm sạch rãnh xéc măng trên piston
piston ring stop n pin pressed into the ring grooves of a two-stroke engine in order to prevent the rings from rotating, which would allow the open ends to
become jammed in the ports: Chốt xéc măng (2 kỳ)
piston rocking n = PISTON SLAP
piston rod n (shock absorber) rod which operates the piston in a
telescopic damper: Thanh đẩy piston (ống nhún)
piston seal n fluid seal on a
disc brake caliper piston: Vòng
đệm kín piston (phanh)
piston seizure n dden stalling of the engine, caused by the piston becoming stuck in the bore; this is often caused by overheating or lack of lubrication and often leaves severe score
marks in the cylinders: Sự kẹt dính piston (rúp pê)
piston skirt n the part of a piston
below the gudgeon pin and ring belt area; its temperature can reach 1300C: Thân piston
piston slap n audible noise caused by excessive piston play,
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which allows the piston to tilt in
BDC and TDC (when reversing
the direction of motion): Sự va
đập của piston (khi khe hở lớn)
piston speed n speed of the
piston for a given engine rpm: Tốc
độ piston
piston spring n coil spring in an
SU carburettor which counteracts
the upward movement of the
piston: Lò xo piston giảm chấn
(trong bộ chế hòa khí SU)
piston top n = PISTON
CROWN: Đỉnh piston
piston-valve engine n
two-stroke engine that relies on the
ports in the cylinder walls to
control admission and exhaust of
the air/ fuel mixture; it is not
equipped with other control
elements such as rotary valves:
Động cơ piston có các (lỗ) van
trên thành xy lanh (2 kỳ)
pitch n (a) axial distance of adjacent
threads measured between
corresponding thread points; the
pitch of single-start threads equals
the lead: Bước ren
(b) parking space or site for a
trailer, caravan, etc.: Nơi đỗ xe
pitch circle (PC) n the circumference
on which the centres of the wheel
bolt holes are located: Quỹ đạo
của các ốc bắt bánh xe
pitch circle diameter (PCD) =
the diameter of the stud holes/ bolt
holes for fixing the wheel to the
hub: Đường kính vòng tròn tâm
các ốc bắt bánh xe
pitman arm n US = DROP ARM:
Đòn quay
pitman shaft = ROCKER
SHAFT: Trục then đòn dẫn hướng xuyên qua bộ bánh răng tay lái
pitot tube n tube for measuring the
pressure and velocity of a fluid flow; in some CVTs, used in conjunction with a valve arrangement to control ratio
changes: Ống đo áp suất và vận tốc dòng chảy
pits n (a) cavities extending from
the surface into the metal as a
result of pitting corrosion : Hốc, lõm do gỉ
(b) (at a motor racing circuit)
place where a car stops for servicing, refuelling, tyre changes,
etc.: Trạm tiếp tế cho xe đua
pitted a (of contact breaker
points) eroded: Lõm,rỗ (vít lửa)
pitting n surface damage to a metal
in the form of pits or holes: Sự làm rỗ, sự làm lõm (kim loại)
(NOTE: in the case of contact breaker points the opposite is
piling)
pitting corrosion = corrosion
process resulting in pits: Sự ăn rỗ bề mặt
pivot axis n = SWIVEL AXIS: Trục
trụ quay đứng
pivot pin n = KINGPIN: Trụ
quay đứng (lái)
PL = PARKING LOCK: Cơ cấu khóa
ở tay số đậu
plain bearing n cylindrical sleeve
friction bearing; most commonly
used type of bearing: Bạc thau, bạc lót
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plain disc wheel n wheel type
without holes or slots in the wheel
disc: Mâm bánh xe không lỗ
planetary gear n (starter motor) used
in some starters as an intermediate
transmission: Bánh răng hành
tinh (trong máy khởi động)
planetary (gear) differential
n planetary gear set used as a
differential with asymmetric
torque distribution, as for 4wd
vehicles: Vi sai sử dụng bánh
răng hành tinh
planetary gear set n
comprises a central externally
toothed sun gear, an internally
toothed outer ring gear, and
several intermediate planet gears
which are evenly spaced and
supported by a planet carrier; they
are in constant mesh with the sun
gear and the internal gear: Bộ
bánh răng hành tinh
planetary transmission n US
= EPICYCLIC GEARBOX: Hộp
số bánh răng hành tinh
planet carrier n part which
revolves around the central axis of
a planetary gear set and supports
the planet gears: Vòng mang cụm
bánh răng hành tinh
planet gear n (automatic
transmission) gear whose axis is
not stationary; it is supported by a
planet carrier and revolves around
the central axis: Bánh răng hành
tinh
planet pinion n = PLANET
GEAR: Bánh răng hành tinh
planet wheel n = PLANET
GEAR: Bánh răng hành tinh
planishing n final panel hammering
stage for lifting out minor imperfections in a panel surface;
part of the panel finishing process: Sự gõ bóng
planishing hammer = panel
beater’s hammer: Búa của thợ gò
plasma spray process n process in
which a very high temperature flame is produced by blowing gas through an electric arc; metal wire
or powder is melted by passage through the flame and is projected
on the surface to be coated: Qui trình hàn hơi
plastic n a material that contains as
an essential ingredient one or more organic polymeric substances
of large molecular weight, is solid
in its manufacture or processing into finished articles, can be
shaped by flow: Nhựa, chất dẻo
plastic deformation n
permanent change in the shape or size of a solid body without fracture resulting from the application of sustained stress
beyond the elastic limit: Sự làm biến dạng chất dẻo
plastic engine n an automobile engine whose bulk is made of plastic components (e.g engine block, inlet manifold, water-pump housing, valve covers, sump), the use of metal being limited to parts subjected to extreme mechanical
or thermal loads (e.g combustion chamber, exhaust manifold, pistons, cylinder liners, valve train,
etc.): Động cơ bằng chất dẻo