dictionary j,k,l (FILEminimizer) từ điển anh việt chuyên ngành công nghệ ô tô

PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG jack 199 jockey pulley Jj jack n mechanical or hydraulic device for raising (part of) a car: Cái kích, đội jack stand = AXLE STAND: Con đội kê, đội chết (3 chân) jack up v to raise using a jack: Kích lên (xe oâtoâ) jacking point = strengthened place on the under body to put the jack: Điểm đặt kích (dưới gầm xe) (NOTE: small cars have one point on each side but larger cars may have two) jackknife v (of articulated lorries) to go out of control when braking harshly so that the trailer slews round at an angle to the cab: Mất điều khiển phanh (xe kéo container) jackshaft n = INTERMEDIATE SHAFT: Truïc trung gian jalopy n (informal) a worn-out old car: Ôtô cũ jamb switch n push-button light switch located in a door jamb (e g for courtesy lights, boot light): Công tắc cửa jam nut n = SELF-LOCKING NUT: Đai ốc tự hãm jerking see JOLTING jet n (i) precision-made hole to control the flow of petrol, air or air/ fuel mixture, as in a carburettor: Gíclơ, lỗ tia (ii) the nozzle containing such a hole: Voøi phun jet adjuster = nut that regulates the volume or strength of the air / fuel mixture in a variable-choke carburettor: Vít điều chỉnh gíclơ jet carrier or jet head = removable plug in a carburettor containing the jet: Ốc đậy lỗ gíclơ jet needle = tapered needle in a carburettor jet: Kim loã tia jet tube = tube that houses the main jet in an SU carburettor: OÁng chứa gíclơ jet process n process by which the thickness of hot-dip galvanized coating on steel strips can be regulated, allowing the application of coatings of different thicknesses on the two sides of steel strips: Quá trình điều chỉnh bề dày lớp phủ J-flange n most widely used rim flange type for passenger car wheels; the J-flange is 17.3 mm in height: Mép niềng hình chữ J jib-jack n lever-type tower jack: Kích nâng cần JJD wheel n safety wheel which can be run when deflated: Baùnh xe an toàn (có thể chạy xì vỏ) job n particular piece of work: Công việc, việc lube job = lubrication of an engine: Sự bôi trơn động valve job = replacing or regrinding old valves: Sự thay hay mài lại xúpáp jockey pulley or wheel n freeturning, spring-loaded idler used to tension the timing belt: Puli caêng đai Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG joggle 200 joggle n slight step along the edge of a panel to provide a level mounting and welding surface so that it can be overlapped against the adjacent panel for subsequent lap or spot welding: Gờ, vấu, mí v to join by means of a joggle: Nối gờ  joggler n metalworking tool used for creating a joggle: Duïng cụ tạo vấu joint n the interface at which two or more mechanical or structural components are united: Khớp nối, mối nối, mối ghép  joint splitting tool n = BALL JOINT SEPARATOR: Dụng cụ tháo khớp nối cầu jolting n effect caused by harsh clutch release: car body jerks repeatedly in a longitudinal direction: Sự giật nhả ly hợp joule n SI unit of measurement of energy: Đơn vị lượng, kí hiệu J (NOTE: usually written J with figures: 25J) jounce and rebound n = BUMP AND REBOUND  jounce buffer or bumper n compression buffer at the top of the shock absorber or strut: Cái đệm giảm xóc journal n the part of a shaft which is supported by a bearing: Cổ trục joyride n a reckless drive in a stolen car: Chạy xe liều lónh xe trộm just-in-time system judder v to shake or vibrate: Rung xoùc n shaking or vibration (brake judder; clutch judder; wiper blade judder): Sự rung xóc juggernaut n a very large goods lorry: Xe tải nặng jumper cable n US = JUMP LEAD: Dây nối taét  jump leads n pair of wellinsulated electrical cables with crocodile-clip ends, used to connect the two live terminals of a functioning battery to the dead terminals of a flat one to get a car with a discharged battery started : Cặp dây nối ắc quy để khởi ñoäng  jump start v to start a car with a flat battery using jump leads to obtain a charge from a nearby live battery: Khởi động cách nối ắc quy junk n scrap: Phế liệu, cắt vụn v to scrap: Cắt vụn, đập vụn  junkyard n place where cars are sent for scrap: Bãi xe phế liệu just-in-time system n system of production where components are delivered as they are required rather than keeping them in store: Hệ thống sản xuất nhịp nhàng (Nhật) Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG Kadenacy effect 201 kickdown Kk Kadenacy effect n when a port a two-stroke engine opens abruptly, as is the case with a rectangular exhaust port, the cylinder pressure gives rise to a positive pressure wave transmitted down the exhaust pipe at the speed of sound Kadenacy: Hiệu ứng Kadenacy kangarooing n (informal) moving forward in a succession of sudden jerks as a result of improper use of the clutch, (a characteristic of learner drivers): xe chạy không học lái keep alive memory (KAM) n = FAULT MEMORY: Bộ nhớ mã lỗi kerb n stone edging between the pavement and the road: Lề đường (NOTE: US English is curb)  kerb weight n weight of a vehicle with fuel, oil and coolant but without occupants, luggage or payload: Khối lượng xe người hành lý kerosene or kerosine n.(a) fuel for jet engines: Xăng cho động phản lực (b) US = PARAFFIN: Dầu hỏa key n (a) metal instrument for turning locks and key-operated switches: Chìa khoùa (b) small peg or wedge that fits into a keyway: Chìa khóa (c ) L-shaped tool for turning: Khóa chữ L để quay (d) recessed screws (e g Allen key): Khóa mở ốc chìm  key file n small file with a length of 100/ 150 mm for sharpening key holes and other small components, available in standard shapes, e g as flat tapered, flat parallel, half round, three square, square or round file: Dũa nhỏ mài lỗ khóa keyless entry system n allows locking and unlocking of the vehicle's doors and boot without using a key: Hệ thống khóa cửa không chìa khóa (từ xa) keyway n slot cut into a component which accepts the key (b) of another component to ensure such a tight fit that the two components operate as one: Rãnh đút chìa khóa K-flange n rim flange type for passenger car wheels; the Kflange is 19.3 mm in height and rarely used today : Mép niềng xe kiểu K kick v US = GO OFF: Xuất phát  kickdown (KD) n (automatic gearbox) system that enables a driver to accelerate rapidly, by fully depressing the accelerator pedal to engage a lower gear than the one selected by the automatic gearbox: Hệ thống gia tốc nhanh hộp số tự động cách đạp hết ga (NOTE: US English is forced downshift) Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG kickdown valve 202 kickdown valve = mechanically or electrically operated valve which actuates a downward gearchange if the accelerator pedal is fully depressed: Van xuoáng soá tăng tốc  kickplate or kick strip n = SCUFF PLATE  kick start v to start a motorcycle engine by kicking a pedal downwards: Cần khởi động  kickstarter n pedal lever and ratchet mechanism for kick starting an engine: Cơ cấu khởi động cần (giò đạp)  kickup n raised section of the frame and body to provide clearance for the front and/or rear suspension system or axles: Sự nâng gầm  kickup pipe = exhaust pipe section including the elbow or U around the rear axle: Ống uốn khúc giảm (pô) kidney dolly n = TOE DOLLY kilometre (km) or US kilometer n unit of length (1 km = 0.621 mile; mile = 1.61 km) kilometres per hour (km/h) = unit of velocity: Đơn vị đo vận tốc kilopascal (kPa) n SI measurement of pressure (= 1000 Pascals): Đơn vị đo áp suaát kingpin n vertical or inclined shaft about which a steered wheel pivots: Trụ quay lái kingpin axis = centreline of the ball joints in a front suspension system: Đường tâm khớp bi hệ thống treo trước knock control (NOTE: also called swivel-axis inclination) kingpin offset = geometric parameter: 'positive' if the kingpin axis intersects the wheel plane at or below ground level, ' negative ' if the point of intersection is above ground level: goùc kingpin (NOTE: also called scrub radius) kink n twist or sharp bend in a hose: Chỗ thắt nút, chỗ xoắn oáng meàm v to form a kink (check for kinked, clogged, or damaged hoses): Thắt nút, xoắn lại (ống mềm) kit n set of tools, parts, etc.: Bộ dụng cụ, phụ tùng  kit car n car that is assembled (often by the DIY enthusiast) from its constituent parts; usually with a GRP body shell: Xe tự lắp K-jetronic n commonly used mechanical fuel injection system made by Bosch in which the amount of fuel injected continuously under pressure into the inlet ports is controlled by an airflow meter: Hệ thống phun xăng liên tục kiểu khí km (short for) kilometre km/h = kilometres per hour knifing stopper n fine grade filler for minor dents and chips: Loại ma tit để dặm vá vùng lõm nhỏ thân xe knock n = ENGINE KNOCK: Tiếng gõ động cơ, kích nổ  knock control n retards the spark advance when detonation occurs: Sự kiểm soát kích nổ Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG knocker 203 knocker n (informal US) = PANEL PULLER knock limit n degree of spark advance before detonation: Góc đánh lửa sớm thời điểm có kích nổ knock-off/on nut n = SPINNER  knock-off wheel n splinedhub wheel with one central locking nut (spinner) which is knocked on and off with a softheaded hammer: bánh xe ốc khoá knock resistance n = OCTANE NUMBER: Chỉ số chống kích nổ  knock sensor n = DETONATION SENSOR: Cảm biến kích nổ knuckle n (i) the joint of a hinge through which the pin passes: Bản lề KPI (ii) hinged joint between two rods or tubes: Khớp nối hai trục (ống)  knuckle arm n = STEERING ARM: Trục dẫn hướng  knuckle pin n = KINGPIN knurl n (on nuts, knobs) (series of) small ridges to provide a grip for fingers: Khía ốc để dễ vặn v to roughen with knurls: Tạo khía knurled nut = thumb nut with knurled sides : Đai ốc có khía  knurling n roughening with knurls: Sự tạo khía KPI = KINGPIN INCLINATION: Độ nghiêng trụ quay lái Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG L 204 lamp Ll L (a) (automatic transmission) = LOW: Số thấp (hộp số tự động) Labour v (engine) to struggle to keep turning due to lack of revs or the use of too high a gear: Di chuyển khó tốc độ thấp số cao  labouring n (of engine) having difficulty in turning: lì máy (NOTE: US English is lugging) ladder chassis or US ladder frame n chassis layout in which the side members are connected at intervals by cross members, like a ladder; common on coachbuilt designs, obsolete in modern unitary construction designs: Khung xe hình caùi thang lake pipes or Lake pipes n non functional side pipes fitted for decorative purposes only: Các ống bên hông để làm đẹp xe lambda n eleventh letter of the Greek alphabet:  - chữ Hy lạp thứ 11  lambda probe or lambda sensor n = OXYGEN SENSOR: Cảm biến oxy, cảm biến lambda  lambda window n narrow range (where lambda = 1), which yields the lowest emission values for CO, NOx, and HC: Vuøng quanh điểm tỷ lệ hoà khí lý tưởng  = laminate n a sheet of material made of several different bonded layers: Tấm nhiều lớp khác dán laïi v to make material by bonding together several thin sheets: Được ép từ nhiều  laminated glass = sandwichtype construction of two or more panes of glass laminated together with an extremely tough, crystalclear plastic film; on severe impact, laminated glass will crack, but not shatter like ordinary glass, nor craze over like toughened glass: Kính an toàn có nhiều lớp (khi đụng nứt mà không vỡ)  laminated iron core = the core of an ignition coil consisting of pieces of soft iron laminations, insulated from one another: Lõi sắt bôbin gồm nhiều miếng ghép lại  laminated windscreen = windscreen made with laminated glass: Kính trước ép từ nhiều miếng mỏng  laminating n covering sheets with a particular layer or covering moulded parts with a specific plastic film: Ép nhựa  lamination n (i) act of laminating (ii) thin layer (iii) structure made up of thin layer: Sự ép, lớp mỏng, cấu trúc làm từ nhiều lớp mỏng lamp n lighting unit: Cái đèn  lamp aperture = opening in a sheet metal panel for mounting the headlamp or taillight: Lỗ khung bắt đèn đầu đuôi Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG lamp blackening 205  lamp blackening = blackening of a light bulb; gradual blackening of conventional, i e non-halogen light bulbs, occurs as a result of metal vapour deposition on the glass envelope which reduces light emission; severe blackening indicates imminent bulb failure: Sự đen đầu bóng đèn vonfram bốc  lamp cluster = group of lamps behind a cover; the rear lights of most cars are grouped together in clusters: Cụm đèn gồm nhiều bóng gần lamp panel = panel that encloses part or all of the headlamp or taillight cutout and may extend across the width of the car to include both cutouts; in the latter case, it forms an additional panel to be joined to the smaller front or rear valances: Khung đèn  lamp socket US = BULB HOLDER: Đui đèn, lỗ cắm bóng đèn  lamp unit = sealed light unit with reflector and lens all-in-one: Cụm đèn tích hợp gồm gương phản chiếu lăng kính land n smooth, open area of a (grooved) surface, such as the bands of metal between the grooves in a piston which carry the piston rings: Rãnh xéc măng landau or landaulet n classic car style characterized by the fact that only the rear seats were protected by a hard or convertible top, whereas the driver was exposed to latch the open air in order to be more aware of road and weather conditions; an imitation landaulet style is still found on some American sedans (saloons): Loại xe cổ điển mui trần có che ghế sau lane n (a) narrow road, often in the country: Đường hẹp (b) track on a road, defining lines of traffic: Làn xe, tuyến lap n rotating disc covered with fine abrasive for polishing: Đá mài v (valve seats etc.) to polish with a lap: Mài (đế sú páp) đá mài  lap belt n 2-point belt pulled across the hips, or lap belt portion of a combined lap/shoulder belt; mostly only on the rear centre seat, on some models on all rear seats: Đai an toàn buộc qua hông  lap joint n (welding) simple joint made by overlapping one surface with another and joining them together: Sự ghép mí, hàn chồng mí lash n US = FREE PLAY: Khoảng dịch chuyển tự last station memory n (audio/video) circuit which ensures that when the unit is turned on, the tuner automatically tunes to the station that was received before the unit was turned off: Mạch nhớ đài cuối (radio, TV) latch n part of the locking mechanism of doors, bonnets, boots, tailgates: Chốt, then gài Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG latch (ing) pillar 206 latch (ing) pillar n = B-PILLAR: Trụ đỡ trung tâm khung cửa lateral a relating to the side: Thuộc mặt bên, bên  lateral acceleration n centrifugal force moving a vehicle towards the outside of a curve when cornering: Lực trượt ngang quay voøng lateral air passage n passage at the nozzle of a spray gun for shaping the spray pattern to a long or elongated oval: Lỗ không khí đầu súng phun sơn định dạng tia phun  lateral atomization orifice = additional passages at the nozzle of a spray gun for supplying additional air to break up the paint unto smaller droplets: Lỗ phụ đầu vòi phun sơn dùng để tán nhỏ sơn  lateral grip n ability of a tyre to maintain its course, or remain under normal steering control, while being subjected to directionally disturbing influences: Sự ổn định chuyển động bánh xe có tác động bên  lateral impact n side crash: Sự va chạm bên hông  lateral runout n side-to-side wobble (e g of wheel, brake disc, rotor): Độ đảo bề mặt (bánh xe, đóa phanh …) (NOTE: the maximum lateral runout of a brake disc should not exceed 0.004 in or 0.1 mm) lazy tongs  lateral stability n = LATERAL GRIP: Sự ổn định ngang  lateral stiffness n resistance of a vehicle body structure to lateral impact: Khả chịu lực khung chấn động bên hông (Độ cứng ngang) lay-by n place at the side of a road where drivers can stop (to rest): Nơi dừng xe (trạm dừng) layer of pure zinc n top layer on hotdip galvanized steel which, in contrast to zinc-iron alloy layers, almost completely consists of zinc: Lớp kẽm mạ thép  layer thickness n coating thickness (indicated in micrometres or millimetres): Độ dày lớp phủ (sôn) Layrub coupling n universal joint using four moulded rubber inserts mounted on a round steel plate: Khớp nối Layrub có cục cao su lồng vào đóa thép layshaft n intermediate shaft between and parallel to the input and output shafts, carrying the two pairs of gearwheels which provide the required changes in gear ratio: Trục trung gian (có gắn cặp bánh răng) hộp số (NOTE: US English is countershaft) lazy tongs n (i) any device with extensible arms (often in the form of a series of crossed, hinged bars) for handling objects at a distance: Duïng cuï có tay nối Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG LCD 207 (ii) specifically, a type of pop rivet gun with such arms: Súng tán divê có đầu nối LCD (short for) liquid-crystal display: an optical, digital display used in the instrument panel: Màn hình tinh thể lỏng LDC = LOWER DEAD CENTRE: Điểm chết LDPE = LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE: Nhựa PE tỷ trọng thấp lead n soft, toxic, heavy metal used in starter batteries, and in leaded fuel as an anti-knock agent: Chì  lead-acid battery = system of lead plates and dilute sulphuric acid; used as a starter battery and as a traction battery in electric vehicles: AÉc quy axít chì  lead-antimony grid = Lưới sườn cực hợp kim chì antimon  lead deposit = lead particles that separate from the battery plates during normal operation: Lớp cặn chì (ắc quy)  leaded petrol = petrol to which lead has been added as an anti-knock agent: Xăng pha chì  lead-free petrol = unleaded petrol: Xăng không pha chì  lead glazing = faulty sparking plug condition caused by molten lead salt deposits that solidify into a yellow, brown or green glaze: Tình trạng bougie bị hư điện cực bị bám chì  lead loading = the process of filling dents and damaged areas of leading shoe the bodywork with body lead: Sự trám chì (làm đồng)  lead peroxide = poisonous compound used, for example, as an electrode in batteries: PbO2 – chaát làm cực dương ắc quy  lead sulphate = chemical compound; poisonous white crystals found in discharged batteries: Sunfat chì  lead tolerance = resistance to leaded fuel: Chống xăng pha chì  lead weight = balance weight on a wheel rim: Miếng chì cân mâm bánh xe lead n (a) connection cable for an electric current: Dây nối (điện) (b) (bolt, screw) distance from the thread crest to the adjacent crest of the same thread: Bước ren lead and lag n terms referring to the time between a valve opening and TDC or BDC (valve lead), and the time between TDC or BDC and a valve closing (valve lag): Thời gian từ lúc sú pap đóng đến piston lên điểm chết chết thời gian sú páp mở đến piston lên điểm chết chết leading a forward or at the front: Dẫn đầu, đầu  leading arm = front suspension link which supports the wheel in front of the pivot point: Đòn dẫn hướng  leading shoe = shoe of a brake drum system which pivots outwards into the approaching drum: Bố phanh (trống) Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG leaf spring 208 (NOTE: US English is primary shoe) leaf spring n flat, narrow, metal strip of varying length used as a spring: Lò xo lá, nhíp lean a of a weak air/ fuel mixture that has less petrol than normal: Thiếu xăng (hỗn hợp hòa khí ngheøo) (NOTE: opposite is rich)  Lean Authority Limit Switch n developed by GM to monitor heated carburettor inlet air through an air cleaner TVS and to prevent the control unit from providing the carburettor with too lean a mixture, for better performance when starting from cold: Công tắc giới hạn hoà khí nghèo (để dễ khởi động)  lean-burn engine n engine which uses a lean mixture of fuel and air to increase fuel economy and reduce exhaust emissions: Động đốt nghèo  lean mixture n mixture with more oxygen than necessary to burn the fuel contained in the mixture: Hỗn hợp hòa khí nghèo (NOTE: opposite is rich mixture) LED (short for) light-emitting diode: a semiconductor device used for digital displays in the instrument panel: Điốt phát quang left-hand drive (LHD) a steering system where the steering wheel is located on the left-hand side of the vehicle; used for driving on the right, as in most parts of the world, except for some Commonwealth countries (e g level out the UK and Australia), and Japan: Tay laùi thuận, tay lái bên trái (NOTE: opposite is right-hand drive)  left-hand thread n thread which will accept a nut turned anticlockwise: Ren ngược leftward welding n welding a seam towards the left: Hàn theo hướng trái legroom n the amount of space available to move one's legs in a vehicle: Chỗ để chân, chỗ duỗi chân LE-Jetronic n the LE-Jetronic system incorporates the advantages of direct airflow measurement with the enhancements afforded by electronics: Hệ thống phun xăng điện tử đo trực tiếp lưu lượng khí nạp lemon n a new or used car with many defects: Xe coù nhiều khuyết tật lens n glass or plastic front cover of a headlight through which the light converges or diverges: Thấu kính, kính khuyếch tán đèn đầu let in v (clutch) to engage: Gài khớp  let out v to release: Nhả khớp, xả level n Mức  level out v to work on a panel to remove irregularities with the use of hammer and dolly or by filling and sanding, etc.: Làm phẳng (gò) thân xe Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG level plug 209  level plug n threaded plug in the side of a gearbox or rear axle to determine if sufficient oil has been used during filling: Que thăm dầu levering bar n metalworking tool shaped like a large tyre lever with flat hooked ends for levering bent panels back into position: Cái đe lớn (làm đồng) LH (short for) left hand: Bên trái, tay trái LHD = LEFT-HAND DRIVE: Tay lái thuận L-head n L-shaped combustion chamber: Buồng cháy hình chữ L  L-head engine = side valve engine: Động có sú páp bên hông licence or US license n document giving official permission to something: Bằng cấp, giấy phép  license plate n US = NUMBER PLATE: Bảng số lift n (a) amount by which a poppet valve rises when opened: Khoảng đội sú páp (b) aerodynamic force caused by greater pressure above the car than below it and having the effect of loss of traction and stability; (counteracted by a suitable spoiler): Xe bị bồng bềnh lực khí động  lifter n US = TAPPET: Con đội liftgate n US = TAILGATE: Cửa sau lifting platform take-up point n any of the lifting points specified by light-off temperature the manufacturer for supporting the car on a lifting platform: Điểm đội (gầm xe) lift pump n = FUEL PUMP: Bơm nhiên liệu light a (a) easy to operate: Nhẹ nhàng, dễ sử dụng (NOTE: opposite is heavy) (b) weighing relatively little; not heavy: Nheï n (a) illumination, as from lamp: Soi sáng (b) vehicle window: Cửa sổ (kính) xe  light-alloy piston n = ALLOY PISTON: Piston hợp kim nhẹ  light-alloy wheel = ALLOY WHEEL: Mâm bánh xe hợp kim nhẹ (đúc)ï  light bulb n = BULB: Bóng đèn  lighter n electric, push-button device on the dashboard which, when depressed, produces a redhot filament for lighting cigarettes, etc.: Cái mồi thuốc xe  light-fast a unaffected by light: Không bị ảnh hưởng ánh sáng  light-footed a used to describe a mode of driving which uses gentle pressure on the accelerator, thus maximizing fuel economy: Kiểu lái xe đạp ga nhẹ để tiết kiệm nhiên liệu  light-off temperature n the temperature at which a catalytic converter achieves a 50% conversion rate; typically near Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG lights-on reminder 210 2500C: Nhiệt độ mà xúc tác hoạt động 50%  lights-on reminder n usually a buzzer, chime or voice alert which reminds you that you have left the car lights on: Báo bật đèn tiếng còi giọng nói  light truck or van n typically a vehicle under tons, which includes pickups, passenger vans and most 4WD vehicles and for which one does not need a special licence: Xe tải nhẹ  light unit n = LAMP UNIT: Cụm đèn limit n the performance limit of a car's chassis, tyres, etc typically experienced during sharp cornering at high speeds : Sự giới hạn tính thân xe, bánh xe quay vòng gấp tốc độ cao  limit cycle control n = CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL: Chu trình điều khiển kín  limited-slip differential n axle differential or central differential incorporating a locking or sliplimiting mechanism to counter wheel spin: Caàu vi sai với cấu khóa  limiter n = ENGINE SPEED LIMITER: Cơ cấu giới hạn tốc độ động limousine or (informal) limo n large luxurious car with a glass partition between driver and passengers: Loại xe lớn dài sang trọng, có kính ngăn buồng lái khoang sau linishing limp-home mode (of operation) n standby circuit which allows a car with electronic system trouble to be driven home slowly: Sự chạy hệ thống dự phòng xe gặp cố (hệ thống điều khiển động cơ) linear (source) lamp n = FESTOON BULB: Bóng đèn trang trí  linear wiper system n system in which the wiper arm is attached both at the top and bottom and, instead of describing the usual arc, is guided in a straight line from one side of the windscreen to the other: Hệ thống gạt nước với gạt chạy thaúng line pressure n line pressure is fed to the shifting components when they are to be applied; it increases in proportion to engine speed and is the highest pressure in the hydraulic control system: p suất đường ống liner n = CYLINDER LINER: Ống lót xy lanh line spanner n = FLARE NUT SPANNER: Cờ lê nụ, ống tuýp lining n (a) interior trim, e g of doors, convertible tops: Lớp vải mui (b) friction material (e g on brake shoes in drum brake, on clutch disc, on brake bands in automatic transmission): Chất ma sát bố phanh, bố ly hợp… linishing n smoothing sheet metal using power tools, e g with an angle grinder and emery belt or grinding disk: Sự mài nhẵn kim loại Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG link 211 link n (a) movable, hinged piece connecting moving parts of a machine: Thanh nối, mắc nối (b) = SUSPENSION LINK: Các nối hệ thống treo  linkage power steering n linkage-type, power-assisted steering system in which a conventional manual system is assisted by hydraulic or pneumatic effort applied directly to a track rod: Trợ lực lái kiểu nối lip n the edge of a sheet metal panel folded at right angles to the basic panel contours; often used to mount the panel to an adjacent panel, e g for spot welding: Mép, miệng (tấm, vỏ khung)  lip seal with garter spring n = RADIAL SHAFT SEAL: Phớt chận nhớt trục ngang liquefied natural gas (LNG) n e g methane, possible future alternative fuel for SI engines: Khí thiên nhiên hóa loûng  liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) n by-product of oil refining, mainly butane or propane or a mixture of the two gases, used as a fuel for some SI petrol engines: Khí đồng hành hóa lỏng liquid-cooled a (engine) cooled by the passage of water or oil: Làm mát nước nhớt (NOTE: opposite is air-cooled)  Liquide Hydraulique Minerale (LHM) n green hydraulic fluid used by Citroen for some of their suspension systems: Nhớt thuỷ lực màu xanh dùng cho hệ thống treo Citroen load alteration effect  liquid gasket n room temperature vulcanizing gasket sealer (from a tube): Roong loûng  liquid paint n paint which contains solvents and cures at room temperature or by baking: Dung dịch sơn  liquid pump n machine used to raise liquids from a low to a high energy level by transferring energy to the medium being pumped: Máy bơm chất loûng list price n the price ex-factory, as quoted in the price list, as opposed to the actual sales price which will include on-the-road charges: Bảng giá gốc little end n small end of the connecting rod: Đầu nhỏ truyền live axle n a power-transmitting axle: Trục truyền động L-Jetronic air flow meter n airflow meter used on the L-Jetronic system: Bộ đo gió kiểu L  L-Jetronic (fuel injection) system n electronically controlled fuel injection system: Hệ thống phun xăng điện tử kiểu L load n (a) something to be born or transported: Taûi (b) amount of material transported: Trọng tải (c) amount of power carried by an electric circuit: Tải điện (d) resistance overcome by an engine when it is driving a machine: Sức tải (động cơ)  load alteration effect n reactions in the drive train or, in Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG load 212 FWD vehicles, in the steering, due to sudden load alteration: Phản ứng phần động lực, hệ thống lái tải trọng thay đổi đột ngột  load controlled power distribution n drive torque distribution, as established e g by a Torsen differential: Sự phân phối công suất theo tải trọng  load floor n (i) cargo-carrying area of a van or lorry: Thùng sau xe tải (ii) floor of the luggage area of an estate car or hatchback: Ngăn chứa đồ sau xe du lịch  load floor extension = moulded tray that folds out of the rear luggage area and provides an extended load floor which hangs out over the bumper; (can also be used for picnics): Sàn chứa đồ kéo rộng  load index (LI) n coded number on the sidewall of a tyre to indicate the maximum load the tyre may carry at a given speed under manufacturer's conditions: Chỉ số tải trọng bánh xe  load rating n = LOAD INDEX: Chỉ số tải trọng  load resistor n = BALLAST RESISTOR: Điện trở phụ (đánh lửa) load-sensitive proportioning valve n valve which regulates hydraulic pressure to the rear wheels as a function of chassis height-to-axle distance: Van phân phối theo tải trọng lock load transfer n = WEIGHT TRANSFER: Sự chuyển tải lobe n = CAM LOBE: Vấu cam  lobe-type supercharger n a positive displacement compressor with twolobed rotors: Bôm tăng áp kiểu cam quay local cell n galvanic cell resulting from differences in potential between adjacent areas on the surface of a metal immersed in an electrolyte: Pin cuïc boä localized corrosion n corrosion occurring at one part of a metal surface at a much higher rate than over the rest of the surface, e g pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion: Sự ăn mòn cục (NOTE: opposite is uniform corrosion) locating dowel n = DOWEL PIN: Chốt định vị locating lug or pin n projection or pin for holding a part in a specific position: Chốt định vị locating spring n (of disc brakes) steel wire clip that secures the cylinder in a floating frame or caliper frame: Loø xo định vị lock (a) n device for closing something with a key to prevent unauthorized entry: Ổ khóa (b) (steering) amount by which the wheels of a vehicle are able to turn: Góc lái  full lock = the maximum angle attained by the wheels when the steering wheel is turned to its full extent: Goùc lái tối đa v (a) to close with a key: Khóa chìa Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG lockable differential 213 (b) to fix or become fixed in a certain position: Làm cố định, định vị (c) (gear train members) to interlock or couple: Sự cài vào (bánh răng)  lockable differential n = LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL: Vi sai có cấu khóa  lockable wheel n wheel that can be secured to the hub with a lock: Bánh xe có cấu khóa  lock angle n = STEERING ANGLE: Góc lái  lock buster n = LOCK PULIER lock cylinder n cylinder in the middle of a cylinder lock that is prevented from turning (locked) by a number of pins (typically five) which penetrate down through the wall of the cylinder: Xylanh có chốt định vị lock facing n the surface of a door to which the lock is attached: Bề mặt lắp khóa (cửa xe)  locking bar clamp n locking clamp with sliding jaw providing extended clamping capabilities: Bàn kẹp, êtô locking clamp n locking pliers with specially shaped jaws for vice work and intricate clamping jobs: Kìm có khóa locking differential n differential with the facility for locking together the two half shafts, thus putting the differential out of action and greatly improving traction: Bộ vi sai có khóa lock-up clutch  locking lug bolt/nut n antitheft wheel lug bolt/nut: Bulông/ đai ốc khóa bánh xe để chống trộm  locking mechanism or locking reel n device which locks the reel of a seat belt when the forward acceleration of the occupant exceeds a certain value: Cơ cấu khóa chặt đai an toàn xe tăng tốc locking pliers n pliers with locking jaws: Kìm có khóa locking synchromesh n common synchromesh mechanism in which the synchromesh pressure is proportional to the gearchange force, thus preventing overriding of the synchromesh action due to hasty operation of the lever; the gear and gearchange sleeve are prevented from engaging until rotational speeds are synchronized: Bộ đồng tốc  lock nut n (i) nut screwed on top of another nut (ii) self-locking nut: Ñai ốc tự hãm, đai ốc hãm  lock picker set n set of special door lock picker; attached to the outside of a car door lock, the lock puller rips out the entire lock cylinder: Đồ nạy ổ khóa  lock ring pliers n tool for removing and installing heavyduty circlips, used e g on brakes, transmissions, pedal shafts, and clutch shafts: Kìm mở phe  lock-up clutch n automatically engaged clutch in a lock-up torque converter which prevents slipping Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG lock-up torque converter 214 losses: Cơ cấu nối ly hợp biến mô (hộp số tự động)  lock-up torque converter = torque converter in which the pump can be mechanically locked to the turbine, eliminating any loss through the fluid: Bộ biến mô có khóa tuốc bin long block n the long block consists of the short block plus oil pump and sump, cylinder head(s), camshaft(s) as well as the complete valve train: Khối động đầy đủ chi tiết (NOTE: opposite is short block) long block engine n engine with a relatively long crankshaft: Động có trục khuỷu dài (NOTE: opposite is short block engine) longeron n main side member: Thanh dọc (khung xe) long-haul a long distance: Khoảng cách dài longitudinal a lengthways: Theo chiều dọc  longitudinal engine = traditional engine layout used on most RWD vehicles with the cylinders lying lengthways from the front to the back: Động đặt dọc (NOTE: also called north – south layout)  longitudinal girder or member = SIDE MEMBER: Thanh dọc sườn xe long-nose pliers n pliers with half round and tapered jaws, often with a wire cutter and used for electrical work: Kìm mỏ dài lost-foam casting (NOTE: also called snipe-nose pliers)  long-nose self-grip pliers = locking pliers with extra long reach jaws: Kìm mỏ tự haõm  long-reach C-clamp n selfgrip locking clamp with extra long C-shaped jaws: Cái kẹp hình chữ C long stroke engine n reciprocating piston engine whose bore diameter is smaller than the stroke; a relatively long stroke produces higher low-end torque at the cost of increased piston speeds and reduced revving ability: Động có hành trình piston dài (NOTE: opposite is short stroke engine) loom n = WIRING HARNESS: Buối (bó) dây điện loop scavenging n method of scavenging used on two-stroke motorcycle engines: Quá trình quét khí kín (2 kyø) loosen v to make (something) less tight; to slacken: Nới lỏng lorry n large motor vehicle for carrying goods: Xe taûi (NOTE: US English is always truck) lost-core technique n method of producing thermoplastic inlet manifolds: Phương pháp chế tạo ống góp hút nhựa  lost-foam casting (process) n casting method using foamed plastic cores, giving the surface of the casting the appearance of styrofoam; used for engine blocks: Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG loud pedal 215 Phương pháp đúc dùng lõi nhựa bọt loud pedal n (informal) accelerator pedal: Bàn đạp ga louvre or US louver n (a) air ventilation slot stamped in several rows into bonnets and bootlids (b) = VENT: Lỗ thông Low (L) n (automatic transmission) driving gear ratio for hilly terrain; the top gear is not engaged, and the engine brake takes effect: Tay số thấp, tay số L low-bake booth n closed section in painting lines in a paint shop, in which coats of paint are dried at low temperatures: Phòng sấy chậm  low-bake equipment = equipment for drying coats of paint at low temperatures: Thiết bị sấy sơn nhiệt độ thấp  low-bake paint = respray paint baked at 800C, giving a highquality finish but requiring suitable low-bake spray booths/ovens: Sơn nóng lowball n US in car sales, the practice of stating a very low price for a new car to a customer who is known or expected to be comparison shopping: Đề nghị giá thấp biết khách hàng so giá low battery n nearly flat battery: Ắc quy yếu low beam n US = DIPPED BEAM: Đèn cốt, đèn chiếu gần low-carbon steel n steel containing 0.03 to 0.3 percent carbon (typically 0.2%): Theùp cacbon thaáp low-maintenance battery low-density polyethylene (LDPE) n a relatively soft, flexible polyethylene, used mainly for plastic film and sheet: Nhựa tổng hợp tỷ trọng thấp low-emission a generally, releasing relatively few pollutants into the environment: Mức ô nhiễm thấp khí thải lower dead centre (LDC) n = BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE: Điểm chết lower front panel n = FRONT APRON: Tấm chắn phía trước low fuel indicator n warning light which comes on when fuel is getting low (usually indicating, when the light first comes on, that there is still sufficient fuel to travel at least 25-50 miles): Đèn báo mức nhiên liệu thấp low gear n first or second gear, used for driving off and climbing steep hills: Số thấp (NOTE: opposite is high gear)  low geared a characterized by a small gearwheel (on an input shaft) driving a large one (on the output shaft), providing a high gear ratio and high torque: Bánh nhỏ truyền động bánh lớn để tỷ số truyền lớn low-loader n lorry for heavy loads with a low-level loading platform and often an extension ramp or lift-operated tailboard which can be lowered to street level: Xe tải có bửng sau hạ sát đất để lấy hàng low-maintenance battery n battery with removable vent caps that Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG low oil sensor 216 only requires topping-up about once a year: Ắc quy cần bảo dưỡng low oil sensor n = OIL LEVEL SENSOR: Cảm biến mực daàu  low oil warning light n = ENGINE OIL LEVEL WARNING LIGHT: Đèn báo mực dầu low-pressure cut-out n device which protects the air conditioning system by switching the compressor off when a pressure loss occurs: Van áp suất thấp bảo vệ máy nén (điều hoà)  low-pressure foaming n process in which plastics are foamed under low pressure (1-5 bar): Sự tạo bọt nhựa với áp suất thaáp (NOTE: opposite is highpressure foaming)  low-pressure pump or lowhead pump n pump used for low total heads; in the case of centrifugal pumps the lowpressure pump has a nominal total head not exceeding 80 m: Bơm áp suất thaáp low-profile air cleaner n usually a circular, flat, chrome-plated air cleaner, mounted on top of the carburettor: Bộ lọc gió tròn chế hoà khí low-profile tyre n tyre with a wide tread but no comparative increase in height: Vỏ xe có gai rộng không cao low rider n customized car lowered to the extreme through body and suspension modifications: Xe hạ thấp (khung) lube low side n (of air conditioning systems) side between the expansion valve or orifice tube and the compressor; includes the evaporator: Phần áp thấp hệ thống điều hoà nhiệt độ low spot n indentation on a panel surface: Vết lõm thân xe low temperature activity n denotes the ability of a catalytic converter to purify exhaust gases in the warm-up phase following a cold start: Khả hoá khử nhiệt độ thấp low temperature fouling n = CARBON FOULING: Đóng muội nhiệt độ thấp low tension n low voltage: Hiệu điện thấp low voltage circuit n = PRIMARY CIRCUIT: Mạch sơ cấp, mạch hạ low zinc technology n technology used in present-day phosphating processes: Coâng nghệ mạ kẽm L-section ring n special piston ring characterized by its L-shaped cross-section: Mặt cắt xécmăng dạng L LT circuit n = PRIMARY CIRCUIT: Mạch sơ cấp lube n (informal) LUBRICATION: Sự bôi trơn  lube oil = LUBRICATION OIL: Dầu bôi trơn  lube job = LUBRICATION: Sự bôi trơn  lubricant n oily or greasy substance used to reduce friction between parts or objects in Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG lubricate 217 relative motion: Dầu nhờn, chất bôi trơn  lubricate v to cover or treat with a lubricant: Bôi trơn  lubricating oil n refined crude oil used as a lubricant: Dầu bôi trơn  lubricating pressure = pressure of a lubricating oil: Aùp suất dầu bôi trơn lubrication n covering or treating moving surfaces with oil or grease to keep them apart to reduce friction and wear: Sự bôi trơn lubrication film = coat of lubricant to reduce the friction created when two surfaces move on one another: Màng dầu bôi trơn  lubrication point = place at which to apply lubricant: Choã bôi trơn, điểm bôi trơn  lubrication pump = pump used to supply oil to lubricating points, particularly for plain bearings: Bơm nhớt  lubrication system = the system in the engine that supplies engine parts with lubricating oil to prevent contact between any two metal surfaces: Hệ thống bôi trôn lug n (a) device mounted on a rotating shaft or component that engages in a recess of a Lysholm supercharger component to be driven: Mấu khớp (trục) luggage n travelling bags or suitcases: Hành lý  luggage carrier = rack bolted on top of the boot lid for taking luggage or the spare wheel (often seen on old sports cars where space was at a premium): Giá mang hành lyù lugging n US = LABOURING lug nut n US = WHEEL NUT lumbar support n seat support for the lower back: Thanh chống lưng ghế luminance n luminous intensity of a surface in a given direction per unit of projected area of the surface, in candela per square metre; not the same as the apparent brightness: Cường độ sáng lustre or US luster n reflected light; sheen or gloss: Nước bóng, vẻ rực rỡ luxe (L) n although the word means luxury, on its own it is often used to denote a rather basic model: Loaïi xe haïng sang Lysholm supercharger n lobe-type supercharger similar to the Roots compressor, but more efficient and much more expensive Lysholm: Bộ tăng áp kiểu Lysholm Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô ... automatic gearbox: Hệ thống gia tốc nhanh hộp số tự động cách đạp hết ga (NOTE: US English is forced downshift) Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DUÕNG kickdown valve... brake drum system which pivots outwards into the approaching drum: Bố phanh (trống) Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DUÕNG leaf spring 208 (NOTE: US English is primary... converter which prevents slipping Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG lock-up torque converter 214 losses: Cơ cấu nối ly hợp biến mô (hộp số tự ñoäng)  lock-up torque