CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13: V-ING VÀ V INFINITIVE (GERUND AND INFINITIVE) GERUND (V-ING) (DANH ĐỘNG TỪ) Cách sử dụng • Là chủ ngữ câu: dancing bored him • Bổ ngữ động từ: her hobby is painting • Là bổ ngữ: Seeing is believing • Sau giới từ: He was accused of smuggling • Sau vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy, Một số cách dùng khác V + V-ing + Những động từ sau theo sau V-ing: admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon, try, fancy, etc Ví dụ: - He admitted taking the money (Anh ta thừa nhận lấy tiền) - Would you consider selling the property? (Bạn xem xét bán nhà chứ?) - He kept complaining (Anh ta tiếp tục phàn nàn) V + pre + V-ing V-ing dùng sau động từ dùng kèm với giới từ apologize for, accuse of, insist on, feel like, congratulate on, suspect of, look forward to, dream of, succeed in, object to, approve/disapprove of, etc V-ing dùng sau cụm từ như: Các cụm từ Ý nghĩa - It's no use / it's no good/ there's no point (in) + V-ing - It's (not) worth + V-ing - have difficult (in) + V-ing - It's a waste of time/ money + V-ing - spend/ waste time/money + V-ing - be/ get used to + V-ing = be/ get accustomed to + V-ing - do/ would you mind + V-ing? - be busy with + V-ing - what about + V-ing? how about + V-ing - go + V-ing (go shopping, go swimming ) - vơ ích làm - khơng xứng đáng - gặp khó khăn làm - lãng phí thời gian làm - sử dụng/ lãng phí tiền/ thời gian cho việc - quen với việc làm - bạn có phiền khơng làm - bận rộn làm - làm việc (dùng để đề xuất) - thực việc với động từ go (đi mua sắm, bơi ) INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ) Verb + to V Những động từ sau theo sau trực tiếp to-infinitive: agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, fail, endeavour, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer, expect, want, Ví dụ: - She agreed to pay $50 (Cô đồng ý trả 50 đô la) - Two men failed to return from the expedition (Hai người đàn ông thất bại trở từ thám hiểm) - The remnants refused to leave (Những tàn dư cịn lại khơng xóa bỏ) - She volunteered to help the disabled (Cơ tình nguyện giúp đỡ người tàn tật) Verb + how/ what/ when/ where/ which/ why + to V Những động từ sử dụng công thức là: ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show, think, understand, want to know, wonder Ví dụ: - He discovered how to open the safe (Anh phát làm để mở cách an toàn) - I found out where to buy fruit cheaply (Tơi tìm nơi mua hoa rẻ) - She couldn't think what to say (Cơ khơng thể nghĩ điều để nói) - I showed her which button to press (Tơi cho cô phải ấn nút nào) Verb + Object + to V Những động từ theo công thức là: advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, train, urge, want, tempt Ví dụ: - These glasses will enable you to see in the dark (Cái kính cho phép bạn nhìn bóng tối) - She encouraged me to try again (Cơ khuyến khích tơi thử lại lần nữa) - They forbade her to leave the house (Họ cấm cô âsy rời khỏi nhà) - They persuaded us to go with them (Họ thuyết phục với họ) BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with V-ing or to V-inf I’m not in a hurry I don’t mind (wait) for you I always try to avoid (borrow) money from friends The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed (get) to school on time Could you please stop (make) so much noise? Would you mind (keep) silent? I am trying (study) They don’t have much money They can’t afford (go) out very often My mother can’t stand (stay) at home without doing anything You must promise (not/be) late again When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help (laugh) 10 They refused (lend) him the money although he needed it badly Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with V-ing or to V-inf I arranged (meet) them here He urged us (work) faster It is no use (wait) He warned her (not touch) the wire However, she did not plan (be) a secretary all her life She couldn’t imagine (do) the same job for years and years My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it He tried (explain) but she refused (listen) You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college 10 That was a very strange question (ask) Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with V-ing or to V-inf My father gave up (smoke) three years ago I have put off (write) the letter so many times really must it today Sarah gave up (try) to find a job in this country and decided (go) abroad You can’t stop me (do) what I want How long have you been able (swim) John? Please, don’t forget (post) the letter for me today! It is urgent The only thing that prevented her from (study) law was a lack of time and money She often remembered (talk) to her father before he became ill You must remember (buy) some sugar We haven’t got any now 10 Don’t forget (wake) me up before six o’clock tomorrow Exercise 4: Complete each sentence with one of these verbs, remember to put them in correct form He tried to avoid my question Could you please stop so much noise I enjoy to music I considered for the job but in the end I decided against it Have you finished your hair yet? If you walk into the road without looking, you risk knocked down Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet He wants to carry on I don’t mind you the phone as long as you pay for all your calls Hello! Fancy you here! What a surprise! 10 I have put off the letter so many times I really must it today Exercise 5: Underline the mistake in each sentence and correct it I couldn’t make my car to start this morning → I’m sure he isn’t incapable of run a mile in four minutes → Good friendship should be based on mutual understand → I’m delighted hearing that you have made much progress in your study → There is a lot of work doing here → He was terribly excited to ask to play for Manchester → He could not decide whether to get a job or studying → I dislike being talk about everywhere → He says that speak a foreign language always makes him nervous → 10 We’re looking forward to see you again → Exercise 6: Underline the mistake in each sentence I’d like buying some earrings like yours She smelt something burning and saw smoke rise I warned them not climb the mountain in such bad weather They voluntarily spent their vacations to teach illiterate people to read and write You can congratulate yourself about having done an excellent job Peter apologized for break the vase He insisted on seeing the manager tomorrow Some high school students take part in help the handicapped Shy people find it difficult taking part in group discussion 10 I am unable come to the meeting on Monday evening, please apologize for my absence Exercise 7: Rewrite the sentence in reported speech form “Don’t believe everything you hear” he said to me (advise) → “Lend me your pen for a moment” I said to Mary (ask) → “Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?” Danny said to Sarah (invite) → “Will you help me, please?” she said to me (ask) → “You had better apologize for being late” my mother said to me (advise) → “We will come back again” they said (promise) → “You should join the football team, Eric” said the teacher (encourage) → “I’ll give it to him tomorrow” John said (promise) → “I’d like Lan to become a doctor” my mum said (want) → 10.“Remember to lock the door before going to school” my sister said to me (remind) → Exercise 8: Rewrite the sentence in reported speech form “You should go home and take a rest” the boss said (advise) → “Come and see me when you want” he said to us (invite) → “Please don’t smoke in my room” she said to them (ask) → “Let’s have a party this weekend” he said (suggest) → “I am sorry, I didn't phone you earlier” Mary said to me (apologize) → “It is nice of you to help me, thank you Mike” Bob said (thank) → “Yes, okay I’ll lend you my car” Peter said to Ann (agree) → “You told a lie, Tom” she said (accuse) → “I won’t help you with your homework” Jane said to me (refuse) → 10 “You wear a suit when you come to my party” Susan said to me (insist) → Exercise 9: Choose the correct answers it several times, he didn’t want to read it once again A Reading B To read C To have read D Having read that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare A Knowing B Known C Knew D Having knew I hate a child A see/ crying B see/cry C seeing/ to cry D seeing/ cry The old man accused the boys glasses of his A break B of breaking C to break D breaking He insisted me to the zoo next Sunday A on take B to take C taking D on taking She offered the flowers every morning if I like A watering B to water C being watered D having watered The police accused him of fire to the building but he denied in the area on the night of the fire A setting/ being B setting/ having been C set/ be D having set/ having been Someone told us sit on the stairs A don’t B not C not to D to not The mother accused her son what he said A of not B of not to C of not doing D of not to doing 10 The doctor advised him and to take up some sport A stop smoke B stop smoking C to stop smoking D to stop to smoke Exercise 10: Choose the correct answers Professional people expect when it is necessary to cancel an appointment A you to call them B that you would call them C you calling them D that you are calling them Jack admitted the money A steal B to steal C stealing D stolen Don’t him to arrive early He’s always late A think B judge C hope D expect I wouldn’t of going to the party I hadn’t been invited to A dream B intend C depend D rely The instructor warned the students sailing alone on the lake A on B for C of D against Her mother prevented her going out tonight A against B from C about D at I apologized the book at home A for leaving B to leaving C leaving D to leave Mary thanked me her last night A for helping B to help C for help D for my help John insisted on driving me to the airport A to drive B driving C on driving D of driving 10.1 warned Jack against playing with matches A against player B against to play C against play D against playing XI.Chọn đáp án để hoàn thành câu: Câu 1.KimBum was intelligent enough ………English in London A.studying B.to study C.studies Câu 2.Mr Son Tung isn't used………… up early in the morning A.to get B.to getting C.get Câu 3.Mrs Brown asked the boys………… soccer in the garden last Sunday A.to not play B.not to play C.didn't play Câu 4.You must not let children…………… in the kitchen because it is very dangerous A.playing B.to play C.have played Câu 5.I advised the girls……………… to meet Messi and Kimbum A.not to hope B.to not hope C.shouldn't hope Câu 6.Kaka is looking forward………… you at the airport tomorrow A.to seeing B.to see C.will see Câu 7.Her father was interested in…………… novels before going to bed A.to read B.reading C.reads Câu 8.Is Mrs Hoa used…………….on the left when visiting Lon Don? A.to drive B.to driving C.drove Câu 9.His daughter doesn't enjoy …….soccer after school A.to play B.plays C.played Câu 10.The teacher told me ……… up too late A.shouldn't stay B.not to stay C.not stay Câu 11.After a month, Hoa gets used to ……………….in her new school A.study B.studying C.studied Câu 12.Last year,she spent some days of June …… Phong Nha cave in Quang Binh D.will study D.got D.shouldn't play D.play D.will hope D.going to see D.has read D.driving D.playing D.to not stay D.is studying A.visiting B.visited C.has visited D.to visit Câu 13.At 12 o'clock,we all were hungry and tired,so we stopped…………… lunch A.have B.to have C.having D.had Câu 14.Mr Tuan will have his roof……………….tomorrow A.mended B.mend C.to mend D.will mend Câu 15.She made her children……………….English very hard last night A.to study B.study C.studied D.studying Câu 16.He was very happy…… us at the airport yesterday A.met B.meeting C.to meet D.to meeting Câu 17.Did she use…………….to school by bike? A.to going B.to go C.going D.went Câu 18.I wish ……….in a big city with my uncle A.working b.to work C.worked D.will work Câu 19.She didn't like ……… game on-line such as Dot kich or Vo Lam Truyen Ky A.to play B.played C.playing D.plays Câu 20.Would you mind ………………in my room? A.not to smoke B.not smoking C.not smoke D.don't smoke Câu 21.Jane suggested………… in the garden for dinner last night A.to sit B.sitting C.sat D.to sitting Câu 22.Can you show me how……………….to the nearest post office? A.getting B.to getting C.got D.to get Câu 23.Don't phone me between am and am tomorrow.I am very busy …………with you A.to talk B.will talk C.talking D.talked Câu 24.Last weekend,we all went…………….in the mountain with our classmates A.to camping B.camped C.camping D.to camp Câu 25.We are trying to learn English at the moment in order………….for a foreign company in the future A.to work B.working C.will work D.are working Câu 26.I'd like ……… to school with my sister in her car A.go B.to go C.going D.went Câu 27.It's necessary ……………./………….English with your partners everyday A.practising / to speak B to practise / speaking C.to practise / to speak D.practising / speaking Câu 28.This road needs………………….next year because it is too bad A.to be widened B.will widen C.widening D.both A & C Câu 29.Does Mr Quan get used…………….on the left when he works in London? A.to driving B.to drive C.driving D.driven Câu 30.You had better……… too much in class when the teacher is talking A.not talk B.not to talk C.don't talk D.won't talk ... leaving B to leaving C leaving D to leave Mary thanked me her last night A for helping B to help C for help D for my help John insisted on driving me to the airport A to drive B driving C on driving... not to D to not The mother accused her son what he said A of not B of not to C of not doing D of not to doing 10 The doctor advised him and to take up some sport A stop smoke B stop smoking C to. .. going to bed A .to read B.reading C.reads Câu 8.Is Mrs Hoa used…………….on the left when visiting Lon Don? A .to drive B .to driving C.drove Câu 9.His daughter doesn't enjoy …….soccer after school A.to