Lý thuyết về cách sử dụng to V Ving

A TO-V S + V + to V afford agree appear arrange ask attempt beg care claim 10 consent 11 decide 12 demand 13 deserve 14 expect 15 dare 16 fail 17 forget 18 hesitate 19 hope 20 learn : cung cấp đủ : đồng ý : : xếp : hỏi : cố gắng : đề nghị, xin : quan tâm : cho là, tuyên bố : đồng ý, tán thành : định : yêu cầu : xứng đáng : trông đợi : dám : thất bại : quên ( tương lai ) : ngập ngừng : hy vọng : học 21 manage : xoay xở 22 mean : muốn 23 need : cần ( chủ động, người ) 24 offer : mời 25 plan : dự định, kế hoạch 26 prepare : chuẩn bị 27 pretend : giả vờ 28 promise : hứa 29 refuse : từ chối 30 regret : tiếc ( tương lai ) 31 remember : nhớ (tương lai ) 32 seem : dường 33 struggle : đấu tranh, cố gắng 34 swear : thề 35 threaten : dọa 36 tend : có khuynh hướng 37 volunteer : tình nguyện, xung phong 38 wait : đợi 39 want : muốn ( chủ động ) 40 wish : ao ước S + V + O + to V advise : allow: ask : beg : cause : challenge : convince : dare : encourage 10 expect : 11 forbid : 12 force : 13 hire : 14 instruct : 15 invite : 16 need : khuyên cho phép hỏi, đòi hỏi năn nỉ, xin gây thách thức, thách đố thuyết phục dám :khuyến khích trông đợi cấm bắt buộc thuê, mướn dẫn mời cần 23 require : yêu cầu 24 recommend : khuyên 25 teach : dạy 26 tell : bảo 27 urge thúc giục, thuyết phục 28 want : muốn 29 warn : cảnh báo 30 help : giúp đỡ 31 would like : thích 32 would prefer : thích 33 appoint : định làm 34 charge : giao nhiệm vụ 35 choose : lựa chọn 36 compel : cưỡng bách 37 defy : thách 38 desire : ao ước, thèm thuồng 17 tempt : 18 intend : 19 order : 20 permit : 21 persuade : 22 remind : cám dỗ dự định lệnh cho phép thuyết phục nhắc lại 39 direct : hướng dẫn, huy 40 implore : yêu cầu 41 provoke : xúi giục 42 Teach, explain, know, understand, discover, consider, think, believe + how + to V:Chỉ cách thức B V-ING (GERUND) A Danh động từ: Là động từ đuôi ING có chức làm danh từ Làm chủ ngữ → V-ing) Làm tân ngữ O động từ : S + V + V- ing ( gerund ) O giới từ→ Giới từ+ V-ing Làm bổ ngữ chủ ngữ Ex: My hobby is swimming ( gerund ) Làm đồng vị ngữ Ex: My hobby, swimming makes me healthy Đứng sau thành ngữ: it is no use it is no good : there is no use, there is no good: vô ích can’t stand can’t bear ca’t help Sau hai tính từ : busy, worth Thành lập noun compound ( danh từ kép ) N + V-ing →child bearing V-ing + N → flying machine B V-ING động từ ( có tân ngữ kèm theo bổ nghĩa trạng từ) admit : thừa nhận advise : khuyên ( không object ) anticipate : tham gia appreciate : đánh giá cao avoid : tránh complete : hòan thành consider : xem xét delay : trì hõan dread : sợ 10 detest : ghét 11 discuss : thảo luận 12 dislike : không thích 26 hate : ghét 27 mention : nhắc tới, nĩi tới 28 mind : phiền 29 miss : nhớ, lỡ, 30 postpone : đình, hõan 31 prevent : ngăn cản 32 practise : luyện tập 33 recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại 34 recollect : gợi lại 35 recommend : khuyên, dặn dò 36 regret : tiếc nuối ( khứ ) 37 remember : nhớ ( qúa khứ ) 38 resent : tức giận, phật ý 13 deny 14 enjoy 15 excuse 16 finish 17 forget 18 forgive 19 fancy 20 imagine 21 involve 22 include 23 keep 24 love 25 like : từ chối : thưởng thức : xin lỗi : hoàn thành : quên ( qúa khứ ) : tha thứ : tưởng tượng : tưởng tượng : làm liên lụy : bao gồm : tiếp tục : ( To inf) : thích 39 resist : cưỡng lại, phản kháng 40 risk : liều lĩnh 41 stop : ngừng, từ bỏ 42 start : ( To inf ) 43 suggest : đề nghị 44 tolerate : bỏ qua 45 understand : hiểu 46 restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa * can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help * it is no use, it is no good, there is no use * look forward to * busy, worth PAST PARTICIPLE – QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ (P2) Thêm trợ từ have+P2 -> hoàn thành 2.Thêm trợ từ Be +P2 -> bị động Làm chức adjective ⇒ passive meaning ⇒ rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ (adjective clauses or relative clauses ) + Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian + Có thể rút gọn câu chủ ngữ thực hai hành động Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép N → man – made Adj + P2 → new – born Adv → well – known Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp → V(plural ) educated(adj)→ the educated:những người có giáo dục Thành lập thể truyền khuyến S +have/get +O (chỉ vật)+ P2 PRESENT PARTICIPLE - HIỆN TẠI PHÂN TỪ (V-ING) Thêm trợ từ Be + V-ing để thành lập continuous tense Làm tính từ → mang nghĩa chủ động ( active meaning ) → rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause ) → rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý điều kiện → chủ ngữ thực hành động dùng present participle để rút gọn Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp : Ex: to live → the living : người sống 4 Thành lập tính từ kép ( adjective compound ) N → peace – loving Adj Vo + ing → good – loking Adv → hard - working TO-V V-ING Recommend, begin, start, continue: + To V /V – ing ( ok, đc) Forget, remember, regret: +to V → chưa làm Stop Try +V – ing → làm to V→ ngừng việc làm để làm việc khác V – ing : → ngừng việc làm to V: cố gắng V – ing : thử Need, want, require To V : mang nghĩa chủ động V+ ing : mang nghĩa bị động ( = need/want/require + to be + P2) Would you mind/ Do you mind + V- ing? Would you mind if + S + Quá khứ bàng thái …? Advise, allow, permit O + to V + V- ing Prefer: + V-ing to V-ing:thích + to V: thích Feel like + Ving: thích EXERCISES: I Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund , infinitive, participle) I caught him (climb) _ over my wall I asked him (explain) _ but he refused (say) _ anything, so in the end I had (let) _ him (go) _ When at last I succeeded in (convince) _ him that I wanted (get) _ home quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) _ forward I'm not used to (drive) _on the left When you see everyone else (do) it you'll find it quite easy (do) _yourself It is pleasant (sit) _by the fire at night and (hear) _the wind (howl) _outside There was no way of (get) _out of the building except by (climb) _down a rope and Ann was too terrified (do) _this We heard the engines (roar) _as the plane began (move) _ and we saw the people on the ground (wave) _good-bye It's no good (write) _ to him; he never answers letters The only thing (do) _ is (go) _ and (see) _him Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) _ across it? I didn't like (cross) _it because of the bull I never see a bull without (think) _that it wants (chase) _ me The people in the flat below seem (be) _ having a party You can hear the champagne corks (thud) _ against their ceiling 10 I don't like (get) _bills but when I get them I like (pay) _them promptly 11 Ask him (come) _in Don't keep him (stand) _at the door 12 The boys next door used (like) _(make) _ and (fly) _ model aero planes, but they seem to have stopped (do) _ that now 13 I knew I wasn't the first (arrive) _, for I saw smoke (rise) _from the chimney 14 We watched the men (saw) _the tree and as we were walking away heard it (fall) _with a tremendous crash 15 I hate (see) _a child (cry) _ 16 We watched the children (jump) _from a window and (fall) _into a blanket held by the people below 17 It is very unpleasant (wake) _ up and (hear) _ the rain (beat) _on the windows 18 He saw the lorry (begin) _ (roll) _ forwards but he was too far away (do) _ anything (stop) _it 19 There are people who can't help (laugh) _when they see someone (slip) _on a banana skin 20 I prefer (drive) _ to (be driven) _ II Multiple choices All the passengers were made their seat belts during the turbulence a buckle b to buckle c buckling d for buckling good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream a Make b Making c To make d For make I got my friend her car for the weekend a to let me to borrow b to let me borrow c let me borrow d let me to borrow How can you let such a silly incident your friendship? a wreck b to wreck c wrecking d that wrecks ‘How about going to the theater?' 'OK,' but I would rather a concert.' a attend b to attend c attending d have attended The skiers would rather through the mountains than go by bus a to travel on train b traveled by train c travel by train d traveling by the train If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop _ lunch a having b to have c having had d for having The examiner made us _ our identification in order to be admitted to the test center a show b showing c to show d showed As we entered the room, we saw a rat towards a hole in the skirting board a scamper b to scamper c scampering d was scampering 10 I remember to Paris when I was a very small child a to be taken b to take c being taken d taking 11 My parents wouldn't _ to the party a allow me go b allow me to go c allow me going d allow to go 12 We are going to have my house _ tomorrow morning a paint b painting c painted d to be painted 13 We hope that the students themselves will enjoy part in the projects a to take b taking c to be taken d being taken 14 Sally's low test scores kept her from _ to the university a admitting b to admit c to be admitted d being admitted 15 Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _ about it a having told b to have told c having been told d to have been told 16 I meant to get up early but I forgot _ up my alarm clock a wind b to wind c wind d wound 17 Look at the state of the gate It needs as soon as possible a to repair b repairing c being repaired d be repaired 18 Alice didn't expect to Bill's party a asking b being asked c to ask d to be asked 19 We asked the piano so early in the morning, but she won't a Marie to stop playing b Marie stop to play c that Marie stops playing d Marie to stop to play 20 A good teacher makes her students the world from new perspectives a to view b view c to be viewed d viewing III: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence I shouldn’t ……… so much coffee last night I was wide awake till four in the morning A drink B drank C be drunk D have drunk The profits are supposed ………………… among the shareholders A to divide B to be divided C dividing D being divided When you are on duty, your uniform must ………………… at all times A wear B be wear C be worn D be wearing You promised her a letter; you ought to ………………… days ago A write B be writing C have written D be written After the test papers ………………… to the students in class tomorrow, the students ……… their next assignment A will return – will be given B will be returned – are given C are returning – are giving D are returned – will be given The class for next semester is too large It ought to ………………… in half A be divided B divide C have divided D have been divided The entire valley can ………………… from their mountain home A see B be seen C being seen D sees He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger He must………………… A have been married B be married C marry D have married A child should ………………… everything he or she wants A gives B give C have been given D be given 10 Your daughter has a good voice Her interest in singing ………………… encouraged A should be B should C be D have 11 I found this book on my desk when I came to class It must …… by one of the students in earlier class A be left B have been left C leave D have left 12 You had better ………………….your chores before Mom gets home A be finished B have finished C have been finished D finish 13 These books will have to ………………… to the library tomorrow A return B have returned C being returned D be returned th 14 Ann’s birthday was on the , and now it’s already the 8th Her birthday card … a week ago A will be sent B can be sent C should have been sent D should have sent 15 You ………………… me to Dr Gray We’ve already met A don’t have to introduce B mustn’t be introduced C shouldn’t introduce D mustn’t introduce 16 Bill ………………….Ann to the party tomorrow A will be invited B will invite C will have invited D will have been invited 17 A new hospital ………………….in this area A are going to be built B builds C is going to be built D is going to build 18 Mike ………………… What’s going on in his English class A can’t understand B can’t be understood C could have understood D could have been understood 19 Our test papers ………………….by our teachers now A are marking B are being marked C will mark D will be marked 20 ………………….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon? A Did you feed B Were you fed C Were you being fed D Were you feeding IV: Multiple choices Many U.S automobiles - in Detroit, Michigan A manufacture B have manufactured C are manufactured D are manufacturing I still can’t believe it! My bicycle - last night A was stolen B was stealing C stolen D stole Let’s go ahead and it now Nothing by waiting A will be accomplished B accomplished C has accomplished D accomplishes 4.” When ? “ - In 1928 A penicillin was discovered B did penicillin discovered C was penicillin discovered D did penicillin discover The rescuers for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers A were praised B praised C were praising D praising Vitamin C by the human body It gets into the bloods stream quickly A absorbs easily B is easily absorbing C is easily absorbed D absorbed easily Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters His paintings -masterpieces all over the world A had considered B are considering C are considered D consider We can’t go along here because the road is - A been repaired B being repaired C repaired D repairing More than 50 films - in HCMC since June A were shown B had been shown C have been shown D have shown 10 George is - Lisa A marry with B marry to C married with D married to 11 Somebody cleans the room every day a The room every day is cleaned b The room is every day cleaned c The room is cleaned every day d The room is cleaned by somebody every day 12 They cancelled all flights because of fog a All flights because of fog were cancelled b All flights were cancelled because of fog c All flights were because of fog cancelled d All flights were cancelled by them because of fog 13 People don't use this road very often a This road is not used very often b Not very often this road is not used c This road very often is not used d This road not very often is used 14 Somebody accused me of stealing money a I was accused by somebody of stealing money b I was accused of stealing money c I was accused of stealing money by somebody d I was accused stealing money 15 How people learn languages? a How are languages learned? b How are languages learned by people? c How languages are learned? d Languages are learned how? 16 People warned us not to go out alone a We were warned not going out alone b We were warned not to go out alone by people c We weren't warned to go out alone d We were warned not to go out alone 17 Somebody is using the computer at the moment a The computer is being used at the moment b The computer at the moment is being used c The computer is being used by somebody at the moment d The computer is used at the moment 18 I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation a I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded b I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded c I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone d Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded 19 We found that they had cancelled the game a We found that the fame had been cancelled.b The game had been cancelled c We found that the game had been cancelled by them d The game were found to be cancelled 20 They are building a new highway around the city a A new highway is being built around the city b A new highway is being built around the city by them c A new highway around the city is being built d Around the city a new highway is being built