HTĐ VERB FORM Dấu hiệu nhận biết - Trạng từ tần suất: Always, sometimes, generally, regularly, seldom, rarely, hardly, often, every HTTD Now, at the moment, at the present, at this time, look! Listen! Be careful! (mệnh lệnh) HTHT Since, for, so far, lately, recently, already, just, yet, ever, never, before, until now, up to the present, up to now; several times, 3-4 times… It’s the first/second…time; Howđoán, long… HTHT sincetừ- QKĐ Dự đe dọa, hứa– hẹn, chối, đồng ý làm gì, mong đợi, kế hoạch mang tính chất tạm thời/ bộc phát) Gợi ý làm cho nhờ vả, yêu cầu điều Tomorrow, next… Dự đoán mang tính chất chắn có dấu hiệu; kế hoạch, dự định có từ trước At this time tomorrrow/ At a.m tomorrow/ At + cụ thể tương lai; hành động song song tương lai/ hành động xảy TL hành động khác xen vào… By the time + TLĐ/ By + năm tương lai (hành động bắt đầu QK, kéo dài hoàn tất tương lai) Last, yesterday, ago, in + năm/thế kỉ, thập kỉ qua; TLĐ TLG TLTD TLHT QKĐ V + V V/ V-s/V-es Not Be Am/is/are + not Do not V Not V Does not V Am/is/are + S…? ? Be Does + S + V? V Do + S + V + V Am/is/are + Ving - Not V Am/is/are + not + Ving ? V Am/is/are + S + Ving + V Have/Has + P2 - Not V Have/Has + not + P2 ? V Have/Has + S + P2 + V Will + V - Not V Will + Not + v ? V Will + s + V + V Am/is/are + going to + V - Not V Am/is/are + not going to V ? V Am/is/are + S going to + V + V Will + be Ving - Not V Will not + be +Ving ? + ? + ? QKTD QKHT HTHT TD QKHT TD TLHT TD At this time last week/ year…When, while; At a.m yesterday; At p.m last… (có cụ thể)Nếu hđ // -> QKTD; xen vào -> QKĐ, xảy ->QKTD For, already, just, yet, ever, never, by the time + QKĐ/ by + năm qua, QKHT – before – QKĐ; QKĐ –after QKHT Đôi đc dùng thay cho HTHT; nhấn mạnh tính liên tục việc thường có kết để lại All the morning, all day long, since, for, how long Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục việc hoàn tất trc thời điểm QK (có kết nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian) By the time + QKĐ… Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục sv bắt đầu QK hoàn tất thời điểm TL Be Cách chia Am/is/are + ? + ? + ? + ? + V V Not V V Be V Not Be Not V Be V V Not V V V Not V V V Not V V V Not V V V Will + S + be Ving Will have + P2 Will not have P2 Will + S + have P2 Was/were V-ed/ irregular verb Was/were not Did not + V Was/were + S…? Did + S + V? Was/ Were + V-ing Was/ Were + not + V-ing Was/ Were + S + V-ing Had + P2 Had + not + P2 Had + S + P2 Have/has been Ving Have/has not been Ving Have/Has + S + been Ving Had been Ving Had not been Ving Had + S + been Ving Will have been Ving ? Not V V Will not have been Ving Will + S + have been Ving *** Chú ý: - Cần phân biệt cấu trúc với How long…? How long + HTHT? -> S + HTHT for + khoảng thời gian How long have you studied English? I have studied English for years How long is it + since + QKĐ -> It’s + thời gian How long is it since you moved here? It’s years since I moved here -> Rõ ràng: Since + QKĐ/ Since + mốc thời gian qua since với HTHT HTHTTD - Khi dấu hiệu nhận biết cụ thể cần dựa vào ý nghĩa câu để phân tích hành động xảy * Mệnh đề thời gian: + Mệnh đề thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng: When/while/as soon as /after/ before/ since/ until/… + Sự phối hợp mệnh đề mệnh đề thời gian A, TLĐ + until/as soon as/ when + HTĐ I will tell her when/ until/ as soon as I meet her B, TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work C While / When/ As + QKTD, QKĐ QKĐ when/while/as + QKTD When he was sleeping, she came/ She came when he was sleeping D QKTD while QKTD (2 hành động xảy song song) E HTHT since QKĐ F TLHT by the time + HTĐ He will have left his house by the time I come G QKHT + before QKĐ Before QKĐ, QKHT H QKĐ after QKHT After QKHT, QKĐ PASSIVE VOICE Thì Câu BĐ HTĐ S + am/is/are (not)+ P2 + by O QKĐ S + was/were (not)+ P2 + by O TLĐ S + will(not) + be + P2 + by O HTTD S + am/is/are (not) + being + P2 + by O QKTD S + was/were (not) + being + P2 + by O TLTD S + will (not) + be + being + P2 + by O HTHT S + have/has (not) + been + P2 + by O QKHT S + had (not) + been + P2 + by O TLHT TLG S + will (not) have + been + P2 + by O S + am/is/are (not) + going to be + P2 + by O S+ May Might Shall Should Would Could Can Ought to Must Have to Need to Used to + (not) + V +O May Might Shall Should Would Could Can Ought S + to Must Have to Need to Used to + (not) + be + P2 + By O - S câu chủ động O câu bị động ngược lại - Địa điểm + by O + Thời gian (thời gian nằm cuối câu) - Nếu câu sử dụng Nothing, No one, No body câu BĐ phải thêm not ko cần by O (câu phủ định) - Nếu S câu chủ động they/people/ someone…thì ko cần by