ESTABLISH AND EVALUATE THE DATABASE FOR HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (HBIM) FOR OPERATION MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF HISTORICAL RELICS

INTRODUCTION

Problem Statement

Adopted by UNESCO in 1972, the World Heritage Convention aims to promote international cooperation for the conservation of cultural and natural heritage It encourages States Parties to develop management plans and reporting systems for their World Heritage sites, while also supporting public awareness initiatives for heritage conservation A key feature of this convention is its unique integration of natural protection and cultural property preservation within a single treaty.

As of 2017, there are 1,073 heritage sites across 167 countries on the UNESCO World Heritage List, including 832 cultural, 206 natural, and 35 mixed heritage sites Vietnam boasts 8 world heritage sites, comprising 5 cultural, 2 natural, and 1 mixed heritage, with an additional 6 monuments in the process of completing their profiles In 2019, the Department of Cultural Heritage under the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Vietnam reported that the country successfully welcomed 18 million international visitors, achieving the government's tourism targets despite facing various challenges.

Figure 1.1 3D modeling results of the complex archaeological site of the church of

Heritage building information models (HBIM) must grow into a widely used system

Recent technological advancements have transformed digital information distribution, significantly influencing the dissemination of cultural heritage (CH) In Saudi Arabia, despite efforts to preserve urban heritage, many historical buildings face challenges due to inadequate maintenance Earlier this year, a municipality initiated research to aid in the preservation of the earthquake-damaged St Francesco church in Arquata del Tronto, Italy This research utilized static and dynamic terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to gather extensive geometric and material data, facilitating the development of three-dimensional (3D) models and Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM).

Figure 1.2 Scan-to-HBIM Saigon Opera House (Source: Port Coast)

Figure 1.3 Digitalization 3D One Pillar Pagoda - Dien Huu Temple of the Ly Dynasty

The Saigon Opera House in Vietnam has long served as a prominent venue for significant national and international art programs, recently undergoing a digitalization project to enhance its historic appeal Meanwhile, SEN Heritage has successfully reconstructed the One Pillar Pagoda - Dien Huu Temple of the Ly Dynasty, utilizing archaeological findings from the Dam Pagoda site These large-scale projects underscore the need for efficient and effective construction management models to ensure successful outcomes.

The IFC format is essential in the BIM process for effectively exchanging model information across various engineering and architectural platforms Developing a geometric model to catalog cultural assets is crucial for restoring architectural structures, as architecture embodies cultural significance and contributes to national identity Architectural heritage not only fosters economic development but also enhances community awareness and appreciation of cultural treasures To address the challenges of information management among multiple stakeholders in restoration projects, it is vital to digitize and streamline the information processing to reduce inconsistencies and prevent duplicated efforts.

Cultural collections, sites, and assets often suffer from issues stemming from long-term neglect and inadequate management To prevent these problems from recurring, relic managers must establish clear maintenance and management guidelines, which should include financial and promotional strategies Effective long-term care of cultural buildings and collections hinges on proper management and maintenance practices, ensuring that the necessary skills and processes are implemented Neglecting these responsibilities not only jeopardizes cultural heritage but can also lead to increased costs in the future.

Building a comprehensive database is essential for the management boards of historical sites in Ho Chi Minh City and across the country This database will serve as a foundational tool to meet the minimum operational and management requirements necessary for effectively overseeing physical facilities at these significant locations.

Research Objective

Many specialists currently use various BIM systems for modeling and managing architectural heritage, but it's important to note that these platforms primarily focus on new constructions with standard elements Previous studies have highlighted limitations in the detailed reconstruction and maintenance of cultural-historical heritage, such as the lack of an object library and insufficient tools to handle complex, irregular shapes derived from point clouds.

This thesis aims to establish a comprehensive set of databases, including Linked Open Data (LOD) and Linked Open Information (LOI), to enhance the management and operation of historical monuments It will address archiving issues related to historical records from operational departments and project management Additionally, the research will compare case studies focusing on the architectural characteristics of Vietnamese traditional houses and temples within the heritage operations and maintenance database Finally, the thesis will offer recommendations and solutions for improving project operations management efficiency in Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications, while also supporting the promotion of historical monuments in the future.

Scope of Study

BIM models encompass more than just their three-dimensional (3D) representation; they also include various dimensions such as 4D, 5D, 6D, and 7D, each defined by specific information content This study aims to identify BIM models that can be generated with varying levels of accuracy The process of converting point clouds into geometrical models involves critical decisions that affect precision, particularly concerning the Level of Development (LOD) and Level of Information (LOI) The research is organized into several defined categories for clarity.

- The data were collected and surveyed at a pilot project in HCMC which is a recognized historical site

- Survey subjects are experienced people in the field of project management and conservation and maintenance of historical monuments such as Heritage Advisor, Architect/ Engineer, Project management, Archeologist, and Others.

Scientific and practical significance

This research aims to assess the current status and requirements for information management of historical sites, proposing a Facility Management of Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM-FM) database to facilitate data collection and model development for the operation of these sites The database addresses the need for information regarding the components and their usage frequency within operational management units By preserving cultural heritage data, this initiative fosters an appreciation for the traditions of our ancestors and promotes Vietnamese culture, enriched with national identity Furthermore, the research is expected to raise societal awareness about the significance and value of cultural heritage, particularly historical relics, making this knowledge more accessible to the public.

This study aims to establish the frequency and information needs of relic operators while creating a comprehensive database for the operation and maintenance of historical monuments in Vietnam, particularly in Ho Chi Minh City The findings will facilitate the restoration of deteriorating monuments by providing timely and accurate inspections of the country's artistic architecture Additionally, this thesis serves as a valuable reference for developing similar databases to manage historical and cultural relics in other regions.

THEORETICAL BASIC AND RELATED RESEARCH

Definitions and concepts

2.1.1 Definition of Culture Heritage (CH)

Cultural Heritage (CH), as defined by UNESCO, encompasses the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes inherited from past generations, which we live with today and pass on to future generations This heritage extends beyond monuments and collections to include living traditions such as oral histories, performing arts, social customs, rituals, celebrations, and knowledge related to nature and traditional crafts Despite its vulnerability, intangible cultural heritage, often referred to as a living legacy, is crucial for maintaining cultural diversity.

Cultural Heritage can be distinguished in [20]:

• Built Environments such as Buildings, Townscapes, and Archaeological remains

• Natural Environment such as Rural landscapes, Coasts, and shorelines, Agricultural heritage

• Artifacts such as Books & Documents, Objects, Pictures

Cultural heritage conservation involves actions aimed at prolonging the life of cultural assets while effectively transmitting their significant messages and values The primary objective is to preserve both the physical and cultural attributes of these objects, ensuring their worth remains intact for future generations According to the ST21 Conservation-Restoration of Cultural Heritage European Cultural Heritage Strategy for the 21st Century, cultural heritage is a valuable yet finite resource, guided by principles of authenticity, integrity, and sustainability These principles, along with technical diagnostics, inform the Conservator-Restorer's activities across Preventive Conservation, Remedial Conservation, and Restoration, each requiring different levels of intervention based on the condition and purpose of the cultural asset Ultimately, successful preservation integrates scientific methods for analyzing materials and degradation with humanistic values regarding authenticity and relevance.

2.1.2 Legal Document Related to Facility Management in Culture Heritage

Many notable heritage structures are legally protected and managed by trusts, public institutions, and museums, with some recognized as iconic or of world heritage significance Their preservation is often driven by their intrinsic and economic value, as well as their role as museums The standardization system involves organizations that oversee standardization activities at national, European, and international levels, including specific focus on Vietnam European and global standards are developed through national delegations, allowing each country to send experts to contribute their perspectives, which fosters a clear communication channel for stakeholders and promotes self-regulation within the industry.

To enhance clarity and efficiency in the analysis, the criteria were organized into distinct categories to avoid repetition Below is a compilation of the existing standards established by CEN and BSI for the management and operation of historical monuments.

No Standard Code Standard Name

CEN EN 16893:2018 outlines essential specifications for the location, construction, and modification of buildings or rooms designated for the storage and use of cultural heritage collections This standard, developed by CEN/TC 442, emphasizes the importance of building information modeling in the conservation of cultural heritage.

CEN/TC 346 Conservation of cultural property

CSN EN 16096 Conservation of cultural property - Condition survey and report of built cultural heritage

BS EN 16141:2012 provides essential guidelines for managing environmental conditions in open storage facilities dedicated to the conservation of cultural heritage It defines the characteristics and standards necessary for collection centers focused on the preservation and management of cultural heritage items These guidelines aim to ensure optimal conditions for safeguarding valuable collections, emphasizing the importance of proper environmental management in heritage conservation practices.

In September 2000, ISO/TC46/SC4 accepted the CIDOC CRM as a working draft in the field of cultural heritage This marked a significant milestone, as ISO 21127:2006 was officially recognized as an international standard for the first time since December 9, 2006.

In 2014, ISO21127:2014 was introduced as a replacement standard, establishing criteria and a formal framework for representing information in cultural heritage (CH) documentation Initially designed for cataloging and museum documentation, this ISO standard has also found applications in Building Information Modeling (BIM) However, the rigid categorization it promotes can conflict with the unique characteristics of historical architecture and the multi-disciplinary methodologies employed in the CH conservation process, indicating that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to its implementation.

As of now, Vietnam lacks specific standards for architectural heritage management, relying instead on the Law on Cultural Heritage No 28/2001/QH10, amended by Law No 32/2009/QH12, to guide legal provisions for heritage protection This framework aims to enhance state management effectiveness and encourage public participation in preserving cultural heritage On December 25, 2018, the Government issued Decree No 166/2018/ND-CP, outlining the competencies and procedures for planning, preserving, and restoring historical and cultural sites Additionally, Circular No 15/2019/TT-BVHTTDL, released by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism on December 31, 2019, provides detailed regulations for the preservation, renovation, and restoration of monuments, including urgent repair and periodic maintenance of heritage sites.

2.1.3 The situation of Vietnamese Architectural Heritage (VAH)

Vietnam's architecture is a stunning blend of diversity, categorized into five distinct styles: vernacular, Chinese, ethnic, colonial, and Indochina architecture The country's traditional monuments, characterized by wooden houses and layered roofs, are a source of immense pride for the Vietnamese people Preserving this architectural heritage not only honors cultural identity but also serves as a vital asset for economic progress.

Vietnam's architectural development aims to create modern, sustainable structures that reflect the nation's identity and respond to cultural evolution This approach serves as a spiritual foundation for land renewal, industrialization, and modernization, while also reinforcing the defense of the Fatherland.

2030, with a vision to 2050, which has just been approved by Deputy Prime Minister

According to Decision No 1246/QD-TTg issued by Le Van Thanh on July 19, 2021, Vietnam boasts over 41,000 architectural monuments, with 4,000 classified at the national level, including 112 special national monuments and 8 UNESCO World Heritage sites The majority of these relics are found in the Hong River Delta region, which accounts for 56% of the country's total monuments Notable cities such as Hanoi, Hue, Da Lat, Hoi An, and Ho Chi Minh City are home to significant historical sites, including temples, shrines, and unique architectural works that reflect the nation's rich cultural heritage and development throughout history.

Figure 2.2 Nguyen Dynasty Architectural Style (Source: ashui.com)

The temple architecture of Vietnam, particularly from the Nguyen Dynasty, showcases a unique architectural style that remains influential today Characterized by a layout aligned with the ecliptic, these structures feature curved roofs that extend beyond the house's boundaries, with higher roofs indicating larger buildings The roofs are artistically embellished, while the walls are supported by evenly arranged columns, interspersed with doors The color palette of these homes reflects the materials used in construction, with natural brown wooden elements, red or gilded finishes, white lime walls, and tiles in shades of red, yellow, blue, or pearl tones.

Hue architecture is rooted in traditional Eastern philosophies, emphasizing the concept of unity arising from duality, known as Tai Chi and Dual Doubt This philosophy guides the spatial arrangement of structures, beginning with the identification of the Giap Chuong point, which serves as the central intersection of the North-South and East-West axes From this central point, the orientation of the house is determined, with the front (Tien) facing South, the back (Hau) North, the left (Left) East, and the right (Huu) West The architectural elements, including columns, trusses, and beams, are meticulously positioned based on these principles.

Sustainable cities prioritize long-term viability across economic, social, and environmental dimensions to enhance the quality of life for current and future residents A crucial objective is the preservation and enhancement of a nation’s natural, cultural, and historical heritage In Ho Chi Minh City, the architectural influence of Hue is evident in over 20 temples recognized as cultural landmarks, which represent significant traditional Vietnamese heritage To transform Ho Chi Minh City into a sustainable urban area, it is essential to update government management strategies and increase local awareness regarding the importance of maintaining these cultural assets Immediate action is necessary to ensure the effective integration of these historical structures into the city's sustainable development efforts.

2.1.4 Definition of Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Related studies

Previous research has explored the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in facility and operations management, as well as its application in the management of historical monuments both domestically and internationally.

No Author Title Research Method Results

Prabowo, Alenka Temeljotov Salaj and Jardar Lohne

Urban Heritage Facility Management: A Scoping Review

This research employs a scoping review approach to examine the existing dialogue and knowledge gaps in the intersection of urban heritage management and urban facilities management within academic literature The study aims to enhance understanding and establish operational standards for the preservation of amenities in historic districts.

This review examines key issues in academic literature from 2011 to 2020, aiming to identify gaps in existing studies By utilizing the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach recommended by UNESCO, the review highlights the challenges and opportunities present within the integrated domains.

Raffaella Bruman, Angelo Giuseppe Landi, Mattia Previtali, Fabio Roncoroni, Chiara Stanga (2021) [51]

Building Archaeology Informative Modeling Turned into 3D Volume Stratigraphy and Extended Reality Time-

This paper describes the case study of the damaged church of St

The article discusses the impact of the 2016 earthquake on Arquata del Tronto, Italy, focusing on Francesco's efforts to transition from traditional Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to spatial Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) management using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) It emphasizes the evolution of Building Archaeology into a 3D volume stratigraphy approach, moving beyond 2D surface mapping to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of both direct and indirect historical sources.

A Common Data Environment (CDE) has been created to facilitate the sharing of accessible 3D volumetric models and construction phases through time-lapse documentation This approach validates the information within building archaeology models, accommodates uncertainties, and captures the relationships developed through both direct and indirect sources.

- The end result is a live digital twin that can be updated in real time, which justifies the expenditures and time requirements of HBIM despite 2D

No Author Title Research Method Results drawings

Joana R Silva, Rita Bento, Ana Paula Falcão, Alexandre

B Goncalves, José Maria Lobo de Carvalho, Daniel Vaz Silva (2021)

Information transfer between two heritage BIMs for reconstruction support and facility management: the case study of the Chalet of the Countess of Edla, Sintra, Portugal

This study explores two approaches: a rehabilitation-oriented digital representation and a centralized resource for building maintenance It highlights the importance of information transfer from the reconstruction model to the maintenance resource, which was evaluated to document the as-built structure effectively.

The newly created pieces serve as simulations of the upcoming building, which may not perfectly reflect the actual structure on-site Both BIM systems aimed to provide a comprehensive representation of existing elements, ranging from basic symbolic placeholders at the lowest level of development (LOD) to intricate geometry and detailed information at the highest level.

4 Márcia Godinho, BIM as a resource in - Data collecting and processing In this study, a BIM for the

Rita Machete, Madalena Ponte, Ana Paula Falcão,

Goncalves, Rita Bento (2020) [17] heritage management:

National Palace of Sintra, Portugal for heritage building BIM requires the manipulation of vast amounts of data from many sources

- BIM models may be utilized in a variety of ways, including as input or output for structural analysis tools

The research methodology involves an initial phase of data collection, transforming geographical data into Building Information Modeling (BIM) elements, and subsequently exporting the BIM geometry to a parametric nonlinear finite element analysis (FEM) program.

The National Palace of Sintra in Portugal facilitates the creation of structural models essential for assessing seismic vulnerability through finite element analysis By integrating detailed geometric representations obtained from TLS data acquisition, it showcases the effectiveness of combining legacy BIM 7D feature storage with geometry database capabilities This synergy allows for a seamless two-way information exchange with structural analysis software, enhancing the overall assessment process.

Alavi and Nuria Forcada Matheu

BIM LOD for facility management tasks

- Define data sets by specifying Omniclass, COBie, and Spie structural data to include in the BIM model

- Interview experts working in the FM field to evaluate the necessary information for each component, and come up with a customized set of LODs

- Evaluate the custom LOD set with the case study of two real projects

The article determines the reasonable LOD level of BIM components in different sectors in the FM industry

The author has determined that over 60% of the parameters specified in LOD400 are superfluous Furthermore, the MEP system necessitates additional parameters compared to other systems, highlighting the importance of indicating the level of development to effectively decentralize the BIM model during the operations and maintenance (O&M) phase.

BIM for FM Developing information

- Apply both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods at the

The article identifies information common to facility

Amoako, Salam Al- Bizri and Mark Gaterell (2019) [53] requirements to support facilities management systems design stages of the project

- Collection and qualitative analysis of data based on literature reviews, similar standards and case studies, and documents from real projects

FM trainees in the UK play a crucial role in establishing the construction information model (BIM) transfer process and the project operation system Integrating facilities management (FM) systems within BIM is essential for effective information transfer This integration aims to develop a structured process that gathers and utilizes necessary information for the project's operational system throughout its lifecycle.

Pedro M Lerones, José Llamas, Jaime Gómez García Bermejo and

A Review of Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM)

Focus on the application of BIM or BIM functions in existing buildings; 36 articles have the term 'H-BIM'; 19 publications do not reference BIM dealing with the 3D

This article provides a survey of the available literature on H-BIM and its successful application in the cultural heritage sector, examining the efficacy considering the utility

In 2018, a significant focus was placed on virtual modeling of existing structures, with 13 documents addressing data capture and processing issues Additionally, nine other articles explored various related topics, highlighting the diverse approaches developed to represent groups of items of interest.

Research for Database Apply for Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Facility Management of High- rise Building

- A survey on the frequency of information use and the information demand of the components in the BIM-FM model of the building

- A survey about the level of detail, and the level of development of the elements with medium to high frequency of using the information in the project

- Define the database set (including necessary elements) for the information model of the building in the process of operation management (BIM-FM)

- Provide recommendations and solutions on construction model information during the operation management phase of the project to improve efficiency and save costs for BIM-applied project operations

Historical monument management: a case study is the Temple of Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi City

This article explores the analytical methods, statistical techniques, and synthesis of various documents related to the Hai Ba Trung temple It examines the current status of management efforts at the temple, highlighting the progress and challenges at each stage of preservation and administration.

- Field survey method: Analysis of documents by the author through a direct visit to Hai Ba Trung Temple

This thesis evaluates the current management status of the Hai Ba Trung temple relics in Hat Mon commune from 2013 to the present, while also proposing solutions aimed at enhancing the efficiency of temple management in the future.

Application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Operation and Facility Management of High-Rise Buildings

- Research on the selection of survey sample methods to apply

- Research combines data collection methods with one-way and two-way data, namely building a questionnaire and making direct interview contact with the subjects

The thesis highlights the challenges associated with integrating and updating as-built information within operational management software, particularly during ongoing operations, as well as the insufficient utilization of information technology (IT) in this process.

No Author Title Research Method Results to be interviewed with the content of the questionnaire

- Creating the mobile application for building operation and facility management

This evaluates the current status of

IT applications in the operation management process and proposes the application process of the BIM-

FM model in the operational management stage

Classification groups of components used in the project operating system

HBIM, or Heritage Building Information Modeling, is a technique for effectively managing cultural heritage through precise digital metric capture and its conversion into BIM-compatible models While high precision is one approach, alternative modeling strategies with varying levels of accuracy can also serve specific objectives in heritage preservation, including research, protection, conservation, and dissemination Based on a synthesis of previous studies and expert insights, the author identifies key components of Vietnamese traditional relics, noting that these components vary according to the type of historical site For instance, the proposed structure for temples and pagodas from the Nguyen Dynasty is assessed in detail.

Category Element Group Element (1) (2) (3) (4) Selected

A10 Foundation A1010 Standard Foundation 旗旗旗旗

Enclosures A2010 Walls for Subgrade Enclosures 旗旗旗

A4010 Standard Slab-on-Grade 旗

A4020 Special Slab-on-Grade 旗

A4030 Slab Trenches 旗旗旗

A4060 Pits and Bases 旗旗旗

A4090 Slab-on-Grade Supplementary Components 旗旗旗

B1010.10 Floor Structure Frame 旗旗旗旗

B1010.20 Column 旗旗旗旗

B1010.30 Floor Slab 旗旗旗旗旗

B2010 Exterior Walls 旗旗旗旗

B2020 Exterior Window 旗旗旗旗

B2030 Exterior Door 旗旗旗旗旗

B30 Roofing B3010 Roof Coverings 旗旗旗旗旗

B3020 Roof Openings 旗旗旗旗旗

C1010 Interior Partitions 旗旗旗旗旗

C1020 Interior Window 旗旗旗旗旗

C1030 Interior Doors 旗旗旗旗旗

1) B Forum, "Level of Development (LOD) Specification part I & Commentary," 2019

C1060 Raised Floor Construction 旗旗旗旗旗

C1070 Suspended Ceiling Construction 旗旗旗旗旗

C1090 Interior Specialties 旗旗旗旗旗

C2010 Wall Finishing 旗旗旗旗旗

C2020 Interior Fabrication 旗旗旗旗旗

C2030 Floor Finishing 旗旗旗旗旗

C2050 Ceiling Finish 旗旗旗旗旗

D10 Conveying D1010 Elevators & Lifts 旗旗 Consider

D1020 Escalators & Moving Walks 旗旗 Consider

D2010 Plumbing Fixtures 旗旗 Consider

D2020 Domestic Water Distribution 旗旗 Consider

D2040 Rain Water Drainage 旗旗旗旗旗

D30 HVAC D3010 Energy Supply 旗旗 Consider

D3030 Cooling Generating Systems 旗旗旗旗

D4030 Fire Protection Specialties 旗旗 Consider

D5010 Electrical Service and Distribution 旗旗 Consider

D5020 Lighting & Branch Wiring 旗旗 Consider

D5030 Communication & Security Systems 旗旗 Consider

D6010 Data Communications 旗旗 Consider

D6020 Voice Communications 旗旗 Consider

D6030 Audio-Video Communications 旗旗 Consider

E Interior E20 Furnishings E2010 Fixed Furnishings 旗旗旗旗旗

E2050 Moveable Furnishings 旗旗旗旗旗

2) H Q Ngô, Learn the history of Vietnamese architecture Construction Publishers, 2008

3) N T T Vy, Architectural Terms of Hue Ruong House World Publishers, 2020

4) GSA P100 Facilities standards for the public buildings service, 2021.

METHODOLOGY

Data Processing

The steps of the research are presented through 4 main phases: (1) Define the problem statement relative to the database of historical heritage and current situation in BIMFM;

The research encompasses several key phases: first, processing input data from site collections and extracting information from Scan-to-BIM to construct an H-BIM model that includes various components; second, establishing a database framework through a questionnaire survey and testing systems; and finally, concluding with insights and recommendations based on the findings.

3.1.1 Define the Problem Statement relative to the Database of HBIM for facility and operation management

Despite ongoing efforts to preserve global cultural heritage, many heritage buildings in Vietnam face significant issues due to years of inadequate maintenance and operation These challenges can be classified into three main categories: physical factors such as moisture, heat, frost, ultraviolet radiation, and particulate emissions; chemical threats including acids, alkalis, bird droppings, and flue gases that damage building materials; and biological factors that further compromise the integrity of these structures.

To initiate the research process, the author reviews existing literature related to the topic, which lays the groundwork for defining the research objectives and contributions.

Determine the research needs, research objectives, and scope, as well as research duration

- Step 2: Literature Review and Overall Document

In Step 2, students engage in research focused on documents pertinent to their topic, encompassing studies on operations management and the applications of HBIM in heritage management This phase allows students to pinpoint current research trends and identify key issues that need addressing in their investigation.

3.1.2 Process input data from the Scan-to-HBIM process and build an information model of the historic site

Figure 3.2 Scan-to-HBIM Workflows

3D Laser Scanning represents the forefront of technology, enabling the precise and realistic reconstruction of spaces while preserving data on ancient architectural works The Scan-to-HBIM workflow consists of three key stages: data recording on-site, feasibility studies, and the creation of the HBIM model Utilizing various surveying approaches, including UAVs, TLS, and photogrammetry, complex structures can be accurately represented through point cloud data This data is then transformed into a parametric model, establishing a database with Levels of Detail (LOD) and Levels of Information (LOI) through registration and digitalization The resulting HBIM model facilitates further applications such as 3D printing, operation management, and maintenance As Cultural Heritage management increasingly demands efficient and shareable tools, a streamlined Scan-to-HBIM process has been developed to convert point clouds into parameterized objects.

Following the input data obtained from the Scan-to-HBIM process, the author systematically processes this information to create a comprehensive database for the chosen components within the HBIM model This foundational step is crucial for assessing the Level of Development (LOD) and Level of Information (LOI) associated with each component in a typical historical site The research methodology serves as a general framework to address existing research gaps in the field.

- Step 1: A survey on the frequency of using the information on the components in a historical monument

The author conducts a survey to assess the frequency of information usage regarding components of a historical monument, following the establishment of survey tables based on reviews of relevant documents and studies This survey is structured in two primary phases.

• Questionnaire survey 1: Survey the frequency of information use of building components  Review and summarize to collect information to prepare survey table in phase 2

• Questionnaire survey 2: Primary survey with the first participants with the required amount of information for each element in the heritage model setting

- Step 2: Proposing necessary data sets for HBIM-FM

The survey results indicate that participants analyzed data and provided insights on the needs and frequency of accessing information related to historic heritage management in Ho Chi Minh City Based on this synthesis, students will integrate their knowledge and practical experience in implementing Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) to propose a comprehensive database for the HBIM model during the operational management phase.

• The list of components will be included in the HBIM-FM model

• The required level of development of each type of component in this model is to meet the minimum management needs of operational management departments

Due to the limitations of traditional BIM software in modeling existing structures, particularly in complex construction projects, a new approach is necessary The HBIM model will be developed through the BIM Platform, with a defined Level of Development (LOD) to facilitate the export of component schedules Figure 3.3 illustrates the relationship between the BIM Platform and Operations & Maintenance (O&M), highlighting the flow of data from HBIM to management outputs The HBIM model will integrate with the Central Data Environment (CDE), incorporating heritage information to enhance the model's accuracy Consequently, this Model Visualization will serve as a valuable resource for Heritage Managers, Visitors, and Restoration Specialists/Archeologists, aiding in the restoration and ongoing maintenance of historical sites.

Data collection

This study aims to understand the entire sample population through participant surveys Two commonly used survey methods are summarized in the table below.

Table 3.1 Summary of survey methods

A set of objects to be examined contains the characteristics that need to be studied or investigated

A portion or subset of individuals of the target population is selected to represent the population to be surveyed

Characteristics Survey all objects in the population

Survey with a limited number of samples and then deduce the results of the entire sample population

- The obtained survey has the most accurate results;

- Save time and costs due to the small number of samples

- Can expand the research content, and evaluate the most common characteristics in the project

Disadvantages It takes a lot of time and money

A larger sample size in a study leads to lower estimation errors and better representation of the population However, gathering a substantial sample can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly throughout the collection, testing, and analysis phases Therefore, careful consideration of sample size is essential to achieve a balanced and efficient study, as it significantly impacts the overall results.

• Required reliability of the data That is, the degree of certainty that the characteristics of the selected sample size should be generalizable to the population feature

• The error that the study can accept That is the precision we require for any estimate made on the sample

• Types of testing and analysis will be performed Some statistical techniques require the sample size to reach a certain threshold for the estimates to be meaningful

• Overall size The study sample will need to occupy a certain proportion of the size of the population

This study focuses on individuals in the archaeology and construction fields, utilizing a sample survey method due to the extensive resources required for a large-scale survey Given the limited time available for the research, a comprehensive population survey is deemed impractical, making the sample survey approach the most viable option.

This research focuses on the fields of archaeology and construction, highlighting the challenges of determining an adequate sample size due to limited time and financial resources As a result, researchers often rely on quantitative sampling formulas to analyze data effectively Methods such as regression and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) necessitate large sample sizes, complicating the process further Given the extensive minimum sample size required in structural surveys, defining the target sample group presents significant limitations in establishing accurate values.

Fellow et al (2021) identify two primary methods of data collection, which can be classified into one-way and two-way communication approaches.

Table 3.2 Two methods collect data

Method One-way methods Two-way methods

Include postal questionnaires, completely structured interviews, diaries, scrutiny of archives/documents, and observations

Permit feedback and gathering of further data via probing and include semi-structured interviews and participant observation

- Easily synthesize answers according to the researcher's suggestions

- Save time and costs than other methods

- Non-linear data collection methods

- The effectiveness of the answer is high, due to the direct interaction between the interviewer and the interviewee

- No direct interaction with the interviewee

- Expensive in terms of cost and time

The study focuses on architects and engineers involved in the renovation of monuments and the management of public works, often challenging to access via traditional media To enhance the survey's quality and data collection, the author employs a one-way interview method, utilizing emails, online surveys, and hardcopy questionnaires Questionnaires, a widely used survey tool, allow for gathering information from a large audience and can incorporate various techniques, with the number of questions tailored to the research objectives However, it is important to note that questionnaires are designed based on psychological principles that influence human behavior, making them susceptible to potential misinformation.

Once students select a one-way data collection method, they move on to identify their research objects A research object refers to the tangible elements that exist objectively in relation to the research goal, serving as the foundation for the study.

• Objectives of the study: Determining the frequency and demand for information use of the structure in the management and operation of the historical monument

• Research subjects: Individuals who are working in the construction industry and preserving and restoring historical monuments

• Research scope: Historical relic management units in Ho Chi Minh City

• Time: From April 2022 to June 2022

Sampling is essential for obtaining a representative sample of the entire population being assessed There are two primary methods of sampling: probability sampling and non-probability sampling, each with distinct characteristics and applications.

Probability sampling employs methods grounded in probability theory to ensure that each unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected for a survey This approach minimizes sample deviation and accommodates diverse populations, ultimately leading to more precise and clearly defined data outcomes.

 Simple random sampling: every unit of the population is chosen at random, by chance The probability of being selected is the same among research subjects

 Cluster sampling: subdividing the population into clusters to represent the population The method is used when a complete list of units in the population is not available

Systematic random sampling involves numbering the population and selecting samples of equal size with consistent spacing between them This technique is particularly effective when a predefined range is established, making it one of the least time-consuming sampling methods available.

 Stratified random sampling: dividing the population into small groups that do not overlap according to 1 or several criteria related to the research purpose

In sampling, the subgroups are rearranged and the researcher selects a sample from each group separately

Non-probability sampling is a flexible selection method where the researcher determines the sample, leading to unequal probabilities for units in the population This approach facilitates hypothesis generation and allows for immediate data collection, making it ideal for exploratory research, especially under budget and time constraints Additionally, its less rigid survey design enables easier random selection of respondents for surveys or questionnaires.

A voluntary sample is chosen at the discretion of the researcher, who takes into account the study's purpose and the participants' understanding of the population units to conduct effective sampling.

 Convenience sample: based on the accessibility of survey subjects: ease, convenience in implementation, related to subjects without any selection authority, and non-representative

In heritage management and conservation research, information security often leads students to adopt a convenient sampling method They compile a list of interviewees using industry insights and directly reach out to heritage maintenance departments to identify potential survey opportunities.

This report utilizes a strict qualitative study method to evaluate interest in key elements of the project's operational phase A survey questionnaire was developed to measure abstract concepts, employing the widely recognized Likert scale, which uses a numeric rating system from 0 to 5 The assessment focuses on the interviewees' interest in the development level of the operational model for a specific pilot site, aligning with LOD scale levels.

• LOD 100 Conceptual: Analysis can also additionally arise primarily based totally on the volume, area, and orientation of the overall illustration of the Model Element

• LOD 200 Approximate: Analysis may occur based on the quantities, size, shape, location, and orientation of the general representation of the Model Elements

• LOD 300 Precise: Analysis may occur based on the performance of selected systems of the specific representation of the Model Element

LOD 350 assemblies are designed for effective coordination, featuring model elements that represent detailed assemblies of specific systems and objects These elements are accurately depicted in terms of quantity, size, shape, orientation, and their interfaces with other building systems This level of detail is essential for ensuring cross-trade coordination and facilitating precise construction layout.

• LOD 400 Fabrication: Analysis may occur based on the performance of selected systems of the specific Model Elements

FREQUENCY OF USING INFORMATION MODELING ON

Synthesize information about survey subjects

Prior to conducting the survey, the author compiled a list of official survey questions derived from a document review that focused on the application of HBIM-FM and the restoration and preservation of historical sites This list, featured in Phase 1 of the survey in Appendix 1, targets engineers and architects with extensive experience and expertise in heritage conservation The interviews conducted with the survey panels were summarized to highlight the key findings.

The surveyed subjects possess diverse expertise and have participated in various types of projects, showcasing their extensive experience in the field This information highlights the qualifications and backgrounds of the respondents, providing valuable insights into their professional capabilities and contributions to ongoing and past initiatives.

• The information about the frequency of using the information of the structure in the building that the surveyed subjects assessed as frequently appearing for historical relics

• Research scope: Individuals are mainly working and participating in projects in Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh.

General information about the survey

The phase 1 survey was completed in April 2021 and the survey was sent to more than

A survey was conducted among 200 professionals in architecture, engineering, and management, resulting in 74 responses, of which 69 were valid Participants provided feedback via Microsoft Office Form Online, while paper copies were distributed to those involved in heritage conservation and management projects However, several challenges hindered the survey process, contributing to the low response rate.

• The survey affects the security reasons of restoration projects

The interviewed individuals lack involvement in the technical management unit, which limits the comprehensiveness of the information provided regarding specific monuments and their management.

Survey contents

The survey comprises various question types, including Yes/No, single-choice, multiple-choice, and Likert scale questions Data collected from these questions will be both qualitative and quantitative, and will be analyzed in subsequent phases of the study This survey is structured into five key phases, with detailed content available in the Appendix.

Personal information of interviewees: includes personal information including full name and contact email to verify the information for the following surveys

This section aims to assess the validity of participants involved in building operation management, focusing on those with construction industry experience and research on historical sites to enhance survey accuracy By analyzing questions related to respondents' roles, their tenure in the industry, and the types of projects they have worked on, we can identify correlations among survey participants.

The survey includes questions C1 and C2 to assess respondents' understanding of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in relation to historical sites Questions C3 to C6 focus on evaluating the current management and operational practices of these sites, along with the conservation methods derived from guiding documents Additionally, the survey addresses the challenges faced by participants in applying Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) for heritage conservation Finally, questions C7 and C8 gauge the potential for integrating HBIM into heritage conservation efforts, utilizing a Likert Scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

• Part D: Databases of applying heritage building information modeling for operation management

This section evaluates the frequency of information utilized in the operation management process through a Likert scale questionnaire The aim is to assess how often various information components are used in operation management, focusing on those with medium to very high usage frequencies This analysis will help identify low-frequency components at the LOD level and guide further development of the information survey for medium to high-frequency components.

The author outlines two primary assessment methods for evaluating surveys: one conducted online and the other on paper In the online survey, respondents are asked to rank the components of monument restoration from most to least difficult, specifically through question E1 Conversely, the paper survey utilizes a fill-in-the-blank format for question E1, along with additional fill-in-the-blank questions E2 and E3 These questions are designed to pinpoint the specific components that warrant further attention from the author in subsequent phases of the study.

Substructure

A10 Foundation A1010 Standard Foundation 旗旗旗旗

Enclosures A2010 Walls for Subgrade Enclosures 旗旗旗

A4010 Standard Slab-on-Grade 旗

A4020 Special Slab-on-Grade 旗

A4030 Slab Trenches 旗旗旗

A4060 Pits and Bases 旗旗旗

A4090 Slab-on-Grade Supplementary Components 旗旗旗

Shell

B1010.10 Floor Structure Frame 旗旗旗旗

B1010.20 Column 旗旗旗旗

B1010.30 Floor Slab 旗旗旗旗旗

B2010 Exterior Walls 旗旗旗旗

B2020 Exterior Window 旗旗旗旗

B2030 Exterior Door 旗旗旗旗旗

B30 Roofing B3010 Roof Coverings 旗旗旗旗旗

B3020 Roof Openings 旗旗旗旗旗

Interiors

C1010 Interior Partitions 旗旗旗旗旗

C1020 Interior Window 旗旗旗旗旗

C1030 Interior Doors 旗旗旗旗旗

1) B Forum, "Level of Development (LOD) Specification part I & Commentary," 2019

C1060 Raised Floor Construction 旗旗旗旗旗

C1070 Suspended Ceiling Construction 旗旗旗旗旗

C1090 Interior Specialties 旗旗旗旗旗

C2010 Wall Finishing 旗旗旗旗旗

C2020 Interior Fabrication 旗旗旗旗旗

C2030 Floor Finishing 旗旗旗旗旗

C2050 Ceiling Finish 旗旗旗旗旗

Services

D10 Conveying D1010 Elevators & Lifts 旗旗 Consider

D1020 Escalators & Moving Walks 旗旗 Consider

D2010 Plumbing Fixtures 旗旗 Consider

D2020 Domestic Water Distribution 旗旗 Consider

D2040 Rain Water Drainage 旗旗旗旗旗

D30 HVAC D3010 Energy Supply 旗旗 Consider

D3030 Cooling Generating Systems 旗旗旗旗

D4030 Fire Protection Specialties 旗旗 Consider

D5010 Electrical Service and Distribution 旗旗 Consider

D5020 Lighting & Branch Wiring 旗旗 Consider

D5030 Communication & Security Systems 旗旗 Consider

D6010 Data Communications 旗旗 Consider

D6020 Voice Communications 旗旗 Consider

D6030 Audio-Video Communications 旗旗 Consider

E Interior E20 Furnishings E2010 Fixed Furnishings 旗旗旗旗旗

E2050 Moveable Furnishings 旗旗旗旗旗

2) H Q Ngô, Learn the history of Vietnamese architecture Construction Publishers, 2008

3) N T T Vy, Architectural Terms of Hue Ruong House World Publishers, 2020

4) GSA P100 Facilities standards for the public buildings service, 2021

The steps of the research are presented through 4 main phases: (1) Define the problem statement relative to the database of historical heritage and current situation in BIMFM;

The research process involves several key phases: first, processing input data from site collection and extracting information from Scan-to-BIM to construct an H-BIM model with its components Next, a database framework is established through a questionnaire survey and testing systems Finally, the study concludes with findings and recommendations.

3.1.1 Define the Problem Statement relative to the Database of HBIM for facility and operation management

Despite ongoing conservation efforts, many heritage buildings in Vietnam face significant challenges due to years of inadequate maintenance and operation These issues can be classified into three main categories: physical factors such as moisture, heat, frost, ultraviolet radiation, and particulate emissions; chemical threats including acids, alkalis, bird droppings, and flue gases that damage building materials; and biological factors that further compromise the integrity of these structures.

The author initiates the research process by reviewing relevant prior studies, which helps in outlining the foundational steps necessary to define the research objectives and contributions effectively.

Determine the research needs, research objectives, and scope, as well as research duration

- Step 2: Literature Review and Overall Document

In Step 2, students engage in research focused on documents pertinent to their topic, including studies on operations management and the applications of HBIM in heritage management This phase allows students to pinpoint current research trends and identify key issues that need to be addressed in their investigation.

3.1.2 Process input data from the Scan-to-HBIM process and build an information model of the historic site

Figure 3.2 Scan-to-HBIM Workflows

3D Laser Scanning represents cutting-edge technology that enables the precise and realistic reconstruction of spaces, essential for preserving data on ancient architectural structures The Scan-to-HBIM workflow consists of three key stages: data recording on-site, conducting feasibility studies, and creating the HBIM model By employing various surveying techniques, even complex constructions can be accurately represented Initially, data is collected using photogrammetry and active sensors, resulting in a point cloud generated from methods such as UAVs, TLS, and photogrammetry The subsequent process involves transforming this point cloud into a parametric model, establishing a database with Levels of Detail (LOD) and Levels of Information (LOI) through Registration and Digitalization Information Data This culminates in an HBIM model that supports advanced applications like 3D printing, operation management, and maintenance As Cultural Heritage management increasingly demands efficient and accessible tools, the Scan-to-HBIM process has been refined to convert point clouds into parameterized objects effectively.

Upon obtaining input data from the Scan-to-HBIM process, the author systematically processes this information to create a comprehensive database for the chosen components within the HBIM model This foundational step is crucial for assessing the Level of Development (LOD) and Level of Information (LOI) for each component at a typical historical site The research methodology generalizes the procedural steps undertaken to address existing research gaps effectively.

- Step 1: A survey on the frequency of using the information on the components in a historical monument

The author conducts a survey to analyze the frequency of information usage regarding components in historical monuments, following the construction of survey tables based on relevant documents and studies This survey is structured into two primary phases.

• Questionnaire survey 1: Survey the frequency of information use of building components  Review and summarize to collect information to prepare survey table in phase 2

• Questionnaire survey 2: Primary survey with the first participants with the required amount of information for each element in the heritage model setting

- Step 2: Proposing necessary data sets for HBIM-FM

Based on the survey results, participants analyzed data and provided insights into the needs and frequency of utilizing historic heritage management information in Ho Chi Minh City By synthesizing this information, students will integrate their knowledge and practical experience with HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) to propose a comprehensive database for the HBIM model during the management phase of operations.

• The list of components will be included in the HBIM-FM model

• The required level of development of each type of component in this model is to meet the minimum management needs of operational management departments

Due to the limitations of traditional BIM software in modeling existing structures, especially in complex construction scenarios, it often fails to accurately capture intricate surface features To address this, the HBIM model will be developed through the BIM Platform, with a predetermined Level of Development (LOD) for exporting component schedules As illustrated in Figure 3.3, there is a clear relationship between the BIM Platform and Operations & Maintenance (O&M) data derived from HBIM, which will be synchronized with the Central Data Environment (CDE) to incorporate heritage information Consequently, the Model Visualization will be made available to Heritage Managers, Visitors, and Restoration Specialists/Archeologists, facilitating effective restoration and ongoing maintenance of the site.

This study utilizes a survey to gain insights into the overall sample population Two commonly employed survey methods are outlined in the table below.

Table 3.1 Summary of survey methods

A set of objects to be examined contains the characteristics that need to be studied or investigated

A portion or subset of individuals of the target population is selected to represent the population to be surveyed

Characteristics Survey all objects in the population

Survey with a limited number of samples and then deduce the results of the entire sample population

- The obtained survey has the most accurate results;

- Save time and costs due to the small number of samples

- Can expand the research content, and evaluate the most common characteristics in the project

Disadvantages It takes a lot of time and money

A larger sample size in a study leads to more accurate estimates and better representation of the population; however, it requires significant time, effort, and financial resources throughout the collection, testing, and analysis phases Thus, selecting an appropriate sample size is crucial to ensure a balanced and efficient research process, taking into account various influencing factors.

• Required reliability of the data That is, the degree of certainty that the characteristics of the selected sample size should be generalizable to the population feature

• The error that the study can accept That is the precision we require for any estimate made on the sample

• Types of testing and analysis will be performed Some statistical techniques require the sample size to reach a certain threshold for the estimates to be meaningful

• Overall size The study sample will need to occupy a certain proportion of the size of the population

This study focuses on individuals in the archaeology and construction fields, utilizing a sample survey method due to the extensive resources required for a large-scale survey Given the limited time for the research, a comprehensive sample population survey was deemed impractical.

This research focuses on the fields of archeology and construction, where determining an adequate sample size often necessitates a large population estimate However, due to limited time and financial constraints, implementing a sample based on these estimates can be challenging for researchers Consequently, a quantitative sampling formula is typically employed for data analysis Two common methods that require substantial sample sizes are regression analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) In this study, the need for a significantly large sample size in the structural survey table imposes constraints on identifying the target sample group effectively.

According to Fellow et al (2021), data collection methods can be classified into two main categories: one-way and two-way communications These methods are essential for gathering information effectively.

Table 3.2 Two methods collect data

Method One-way methods Two-way methods

Include postal questionnaires, completely structured interviews, diaries, scrutiny of archives/documents, and observations

Permit feedback and gathering of further data via probing and include semi-structured interviews and participant observation

- Easily synthesize answers according to the researcher's suggestions

- Save time and costs than other methods

- Non-linear data collection methods

- The effectiveness of the answer is high, due to the direct interaction between the interviewer and the interviewee

- No direct interaction with the interviewee

- Expensive in terms of cost and time

The study involved architects and engineers experienced in monument renovation and management of public works, often challenging to access via traditional media To enhance data quality and collection, the author opted for a one-way interview method using surveys distributed through email, online platforms, and hardcopy formats Questionnaires, a widely used survey tool, facilitate information gathering from diverse respondents and can incorporate various techniques, with the number of questions tailored to the research focus However, it is essential to acknowledge that questionnaires are based on psychological principles of human behavior, which may lead to potential inaccuracies in the information provided.

Equipments & Furnishings

Table 4.9 Summary table of frequency of using Equipment & Furnishings information

One-Sample Statistics Mean Sig

The management of heritage operations places significant emphasis on the interior systems of historical sites, as these elements are crucial to their preservation and interpretation The diversity of fixed interiors varies greatly, reflecting the unique architectural features influenced by different feudal dynasties Notably, the Ngo, Dinh, Tien Le, Ly, and Tran dynasties showcased opulent palaces with intricate carvings and sophisticated designs, contrasting sharply with the architectural styles of the Northern colonial period.

The E2050 mobile interior system is frequently found in historical sites, serving as a valuable resource for studying decorative patterns It effectively utilizes natural advantages to enhance architectural forms, proportions, materials, and colors that align with local aesthetics and construction conditions Interior elements are often adorned in gold and feature intricate rattan dragon decorations.

The use of heritage information is primarily focused on interior items, as these systems are often challenging to restore and manage due to high repair and replacement costs Components that are used with medium to high frequency will undergo a phase 2 survey to assess their information needs during operation For less frequently used components, participants recommend employing LOD200 modeling, which retains essential details such as position, orientation, and shape, despite its lower information level Additionally, other relevant information, including images and necessary details as specified by the management unit, should not be overlooked.

DEMAND FOR THE INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT LEVEL

Synthesize information about survey subjects

The current phase of the survey targets individuals who participated in the initial survey, as well as experts, engineers, and architects in the field, to evaluate the survey's correlation and objectivity This approach aims to gather diverse opinions from relevant organizations and professionals involved in restoration, maintenance, repair, and timely supplementation during implementation, ensuring alignment with practical realities The primary goal is to assess the qualifications of those surveyed who are engaged in heritage management and operational units, enhancing the accuracy of the survey results.

In Part A of the survey, participants are required to provide personal information, including their full name and email address Question A1 assesses the number of individuals who participated in the first survey, revealing that 48 people completed the second survey This year, 32 participants from the first survey returned for the second, representing 67% of the total, while 16 new participants, accounting for 33%, had not taken the first survey.

A1 Did you take a survey on the frequency of using databases historical works for maintenance and operational management

Figure 5.1 Percentage of surveyors taken a previous survey 1

Survey content

The Phase 2 survey incorporates questions formatted on a Likert scale, gathering both qualitative and quantitative data for subsequent analysis This survey consists of three distinct phases, with detailed content available in Appendix 2 of the research paper.

Part B outlines the necessity of assessing the information development level of components in operational management through a survey using a Likert scale This survey aims to identify the information development needs of components within operational management The findings will enable trainees to ascertain the information development levels of the components incorporated in the HBIM-FM model.

After that, the author summarizes the received results and proposes a summary table of the level of development of LOD component information in part C of the questionnaire

In Part C, a summary table with questions was distributed to 48 participants who participated in the second survey, resulting in 36 responses These responses were crucial for assessing the value of frequency information use components.

Shells

Table 4.3 Summary table of frequency of using Superstructure information

In Vietnam, the predominant focus in beam structures is on steel construction, as cast-in-place methods are more commonly utilized than prefabricated beams and columns Traditional wooden structures, often overlooked in modern projects, hold significant relevance in Vietnamese architecture The author suggests incorporating terminology related to these wooden structures, drawing from documents that discuss traditional systems and heritage preservation Surveyors frequently assess these traditional wooden structures, highlighting their importance in the architectural landscape.

In Vietnam, stairs are a prevalent architectural feature, commonly constructed using wood or reinforced concrete, especially in monuments The B1080 standard addresses the structural requirements for ladders, stairs, and railings, emphasizing the average frequency of information usage in their design and construction.

Table 4.4 Summary table of frequency of using Exterior information

B2080.10 Exterior Fixed Grilles and Screens 2.30 000

B2080.50 Exterior Balcony Walls and Railing 3.28 016

The majority of building exteriors feature brick walls or glass facades, leading to a high demand for information on various types of brick walls and exterior wall finishes, including paint options.

Traditional houses often feature outdoor windows designed for safety and to minimize wind impact from above These windows, primarily functioning as wind-intake windows, are typically fixed in a leaf-like structure, enhancing both functionality and aesthetics.

- B2050: For doors outside the house, the frequency of use is high in entrance halls, large doors, and other types of doors

- B2070: Outside vents and louvers are also rarely used information during project operation Exterior Louvers and Vents are slightly significant

The B2080 standard emphasizes the importance of wall accessories by detailing the various types of exterior walls and railings It highlights the use of Exterior Fixed Grilles and Screens, as well as Exterior Opening Protection Devices, which are designed to enhance safety and security at a low cost.

Table 4.5 Summary table of frequency of using Roof information

- B3010: The morphological manifestations of the roof often have little influence on the traditional Vietnamese structure, the traditional roof structure of Vietnam is mostly a multi-story overlapping pitched roof structure

In regions with significant rainfall, such as ours, the rainwater drainage system for roof accessories becomes crucial Roof decoration elements, including intricate motifs, knife heads, lathes, and delicately designed dragons, enhance both functionality and aesthetic appeal.

In Vietnam, architectural designs often lack distinctive features, resulting in minimal roof openings Most buildings typically showcase facades made of windows, plastic panels, aluminum panels, or stone tiles, making the incorporation of outdoor ceilings a practical solution for these projects Consequently, there are few privately owned developments that deviate from this trend.

Table 4.6 Summary table of frequency of using Interior information

The restoration of wall structures in homes, particularly in historical sites, is often necessitated by changes to the site itself Consequently, the utilization of wall information in these monuments remains at a moderate frequency.

C1020 and C1030 highlight the significance of windows and openings in historic sites, emphasizing their frequent use The project features a variety of door types, including lobby, folding, and functional doors, which enhance accessibility Additionally, the walls used in the monument's interior reflect traditional Vietnamese architecture, showcasing their common application in this cultural context.

In surveyed projects located in historical sites, indoor security control gates are infrequently used, primarily found in office buildings to facilitate convenience and manage the flow of people entering and exiting.

Historic buildings featuring indigenous traditional architecture typically showcase two primary ceiling types: plaster ceilings and decorative concrete carved ceilings Plastic panels or additional plaster ceilings are often lacking, as these ceilings are predominantly utilized in industrial settings due to their specialized functions Consequently, the use of this ceiling type is infrequent in other contexts.

Wall finishes have historically played a significant role in the construction of monuments Following restoration and repair, these finishes may either remain intact or show signs of wear, although instances of damage are infrequent.

- C2030: Similar to wall finishes, for floor finishes, finishes that are typically tiled, tiled, terracotta, or new finishes are rare

- C2040: The types of ladder finishing are only concentrated in types such as tile, and stone-clad because ladders in historical sites are rarely found

Table 4.7 Summary table of frequency of using Interior finishes information

Table 4.8 Summary table of frequency of using Interior information

D3060.60 Air-to-Air Energy Recovery 2.99 907

The inspection, testing, maintenance, and repair of elevators and cargo elevators are infrequent in historical projects, with winch elevators found in limited locations Notable examples of such historical relics featuring Indochinese style include Apartment 26 Ly Tu Trong and the Ho Chi Minh City Museum of Fine Arts.

- D2010: For the water supply and drainage system, the information of the components in this system is used to a good extent

The energy supply, wind supply, and HVAC systems in monuments are generally scarce, with air-conditioning vents primarily serving visitors Currently, these systems receive only a moderate rating, indicating that their usage frequency in the court is limited.

Due to the increasing frequency of fires in buildings, regular inspection and testing of fire protection systems have become essential Industrial buildings, in particular, often utilize specialized fire extinguishing systems, such as gas or foam, which are used less frequently.

HBIM DATABASE APPLICATION IN CASE STUDY

General concept

Students utilize a developed database to assess its performance through a real project focused on a historical relic in Ho Chi Minh City The implementation will incorporate specific software and components outlined in the proposed HBIM-FM model, aimed at evaluating information delivery within the project These guidelines establish a baseline for essential information needed during the operational phase Consequently, other projects can adapt this information set to fit varying levels of development for their information models, rather than adhering to a rigid Level of Development (LOD) standard.

Figure 6.1 The general questionnaire survey workflow

The project used to apply the database to the HBIM-FM model

Recording the position, size, and shape of cultural assets is essential for effective documentation and analysis in preservation projects For example, understanding the dimensions of a topographic feature in a historic landscape aids archaeologists in assessing its significance Additionally, knowing the erosion rate of a stone carving enables conservators to take appropriate protective measures Furthermore, having a precise record of a building's facade assists project managers in efficiently scheduling restoration work.

Figure 6.2 The Point cloud data of Hung Kings Temple

The creation of a Hung Kings model in a BIM environment facilitates effective data management regarding material properties and surface geometry, enhancing the storage and exchange of geometric and semantic data essential for preserving architectural features of historical significance Utilizing Revit software streamlines the management of intrinsic material information and the acquisition of semantic data, allowing for a meaningful correlation between historical and architectural details for each object This process can be achieved through the establishment of a local or centralized database that catalogs all nationally recognized cultural heritage artifacts Following the determination of the appropriate Level of Detail (LOD) and data processing, an effective HBIM model of the temple is constructed.

Figure 6.3 The Scan-to-HBIM component with applying LOD of Hung Kings Temple

The evaluation of existing buildings and their construction methods starts with observing current components and advances to the virtual reconstruction of historic structures through detailed surveys This approach aims to create a dynamic interpretive model that facilitates analysis, simulations, and retroactive control by establishing alert thresholds and identifying risk sources related to structural and environmental stressors As a result, 3D content models can be integrated into traditional two-dimensional representations and standard drawings of the built environment.

To establish a shared library of architectural designs derived from existing patterns, a methodology is needed that facilitates a continuous scale shift from broad concepts to specific applications in the management of built heritage The creation of Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) for structural covering systems begins with 3D Laser Scanning surveys and orthoimage synthesis, ensuring a comprehensive approach to documentation and preservation.

1) Definition of the structural element macrofamily component

2) The BIMForum LOD proposal-based definition of the hierarchical aggregation of the many object elements within the object family

3) Material specification for each object element The establishment of such hierarchies of objects is the beginning point for the definition of a database of structural elements finished for the building of HBIMs, which account for the condition of the surveyed structures and the integrated information on geometry and construction methods Libraries of parametric object definitions, originating from manuals and guides on the historic construction technologies, can be combined to create a diachronic repository of the various solutions and variations concerning the chrono-types across a temporal range and regional areas, illustrating the permanence and mutations observed on-site.

The process of applying the database to the HBIM-FM model

Figure 6.4 The applying HBIM-FM of Hung Kings Temple Workflow

The process of creating an HBIM-FM model for the temple utilizes Autodesk Revit 2022, a free version available for students and university research programs A crucial initial step in this process is establishing a Level of Development (LOD) system that aligns with the standards of the building operation management unit Trainees implemented the proposed LOD system in their project Subsequently, the Hung Temple model was imported into Enscape for enhanced visualization, including color correction and light and shadow effects To assess the model's feasibility, a brief interview was conducted with five experts in Scan-to-HBIM and HBIM-FM model building.

Figure 6.5 The HBIM model of Hung Kings Temple

Evaluation and conclusion

No Expert Name Position Have done Q.S

1 Mr Huynh P H HBIM Model Trainer Yes

2 Mr Phan Q T 3D Laser Engineer Yes

3 Mr Tran Q H Conservation Architect Yes

4 Mr Nguyen T T N Conservation Specialist No

5 Ms Vu N A BIM Manager Yes

In a recent interview with five experts in the HBIM-FM field, four had participated in a prior survey while one had not The author posed three Yes/No questions to assess the model's feasibility, revealing that 90% of the responses indicated it could be effectively applied to other projects However, some experts noted that the model requires further enhancement, particularly in integrating the landscape, as historical monuments must be contextualized within their urban settings Additionally, more in-depth studies on motifs and reliefs are necessary to facilitate future 3D printing applications.

Table 6.2 Evaluation expert interview questionnaire

1 Can this model be applied to the management board of this relic?

2 Is this model feasible when widely applied to other monuments with similar morphology?

3 Please give feedback for future model development

Figure 6.6 Percentage of question interview

The rudimentary model developed in this study demonstrates the essential data needed for constructing the HBIM-FM model, with preliminary evaluations indicating its feasibility However, as it has only been tested on a single project, further application to various monuments is necessary to enhance the proposed database To achieve this, a more comprehensive database with detailed applications and specific divisions across multiple management areas is required, necessitating extensive collaborative research on drawings and the interpretation of survey data.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Conclusion

The study highlights challenges in the collection and management of information regarding historical heritage, drawing insights from both domestic and international sources To address these challenges, the research aims to integrate an input database into the development of HBIM-FM models for managing traditional Vietnamese architectural heritage, particularly in Ho Chi Minh City By identifying operational management issues and requirements, the study presents a comprehensive set of input databases for the HBIM model, which will support the preservation and restoration of historical monuments A survey was constructed to gather insights on key issues related to these objectives.

• Status of restoration and restoration of historical sites and methods being applied

• Frequency of using the information of types of structures in historical sites

• The need for the use of information in the management and operation of the heritage

The study assesses the current state of the construction industry through survey responses from experts in construction, architecture, and operations management It highlights essential aspects such as data collection methods, frequency of information gathering, and the specific requirements for utilizing this information effectively.

After the restoration of the relic, the operator receives various documents; however, not all of this information is relevant to the operational process This leads to challenges in data handling, as it is often unclear which information is necessary, and the provided data can be both insufficient and excessive Therefore, defining the specific information required for the operation remains a significant issue.

Operators in Vietnam currently rely on basic office software like Microsoft Office and specialized management tools such as BMMS and CMMS for facility management operations However, these tools have significant limitations in heritage restoration processes Furthermore, knowledge and application of HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling) in operational management remain minimal, indicating that HBIM is still an emerging field for operators in the country.

Most operational units primarily request information about the interior, with Architecture and Structure receiving only a small portion of these inquiries This trend highlights the monument operator's reliance on display components and their detailed patterns during operations The study explored the implementation of a proposed database for constructing HBIM models in real-world applications Experimental models, developed based on the needs and evaluations of operational management units, have demonstrated that the system is indeed viable, making it a valuable resource.

The conservation plan must meticulously document the Nguyen Dynasty-style architecture, known for its high artistic and cultural value, crafted by the finest woodworkers of the era This documentation should encompass both the pre-construction state, serving as a historical record, and the current state during construction to track changes While much focus has been on the pre-construction phase of HBIM, it is crucial to continuously capture both geometric and intangible data throughout the building phase of heritage conservation projects This ongoing recording should include a log of current work, construction methods, and conservation expertise, all stored in a digital repository to ensure the long-term sustainability of the building.

Research Contribution

The research highlights the frequency and information needs of historical sites in Vietnam, revealing that inadequate operational management stems from suboptimal information management systems and limited computer tools During monument restoration, survey data collected in two stages serves as essential input for stakeholders, identifying frequently used items and necessary information for transferring to the operational management unit This data enables heritage management units to develop comprehensive strategies for information gathering, facilitating the construction of a Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) model that enhances application value Ultimately, the HBIM-Facility Management (FM) model, designed to meet operational management criteria, improves usability and establishes a foundational database, thereby increasing management efficiency and reducing information management costs in the heritage conservation sector.

The HBIM model is effective for modern architecture and industrial elements, but further research is essential to broaden its application for diverse restoration methods To enhance remote data access and support advanced conservation efforts, including preventative strategies and sustainable maintenance, detailed three-dimensional virtual models serve as valuable tools These 3D models can archive historical survey data alongside material and deterioration information It is crucial for experts in built heritage documentation to collaborate on the development of HBIM libraries for heritage elements Additionally, further exploration and application of IFC and IFD standards are necessary, ensuring that building information is recorded using a standardized vocabulary that reflects each building's unique history while adhering to systematic and consistent data collection with increasing specificity.

This paper highlights the need for further investigation into conservation management, particularly in the context of HBIM research and industry case studies While there has been a focus on documenting artifact data in situ prior to refurbishment or conceptual conservation, the existing body of work predominantly emphasizes capturing and modeling buildings and their components, rather than addressing the specific needs of conservation efforts.

The initial findings of the study indicate the feasibility of the database utilized in developing the HBIM-FM model Future research should concentrate on a more in-depth analysis of operational management needs to enhance the application of HBIM in transportation management within the country.

Limitation and Suggestion

Due to constraints such as limited time, human resources, and challenges posed by epidemics, this study concentrated on surveying individuals in the fields of architecture, construction, and cultural preservation However, several limitations were encountered, including difficulties in contacting relic management units due to confidentiality concerns and scheduling conflicts To enhance the quality and response rate of future studies, it is essential to implement alternative data collection methods.

The database development process reaches a standard level across all operational management units, but the HBIM-FM model is only constructed for long-completed projects to assess database feasibility Despite this, the database has yet to be utilized in practical applications, highlighting the need for further enhancements of basic features to improve its evaluative effectiveness.

Storing digital data in a centralized repository is a core principle of Building Information Modeling (BIM) While current standards like BS1192 and ISO19650 provide a framework for Common Data Environments (CDE), they do not address the specific storage and organization of conservation-related information Therefore, it is recommended that future developments include a framework to establish a defined method for storing conservation heritage data, which would be an essential part of the CDE.

The primary objective of adopting a Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) approach in conservation projects is to maintain a continuous digital log for effective asset management throughout a building's lifecycle Currently, essential operational information for managing maintainable assets is stored within the Building Information Modeling/Construction Design and Engineering (BIM/CDE) systems Conservation HBIM can enhance asset management by incorporating a wider range of information, such as documentation of building processes and records of heritage interventions This data can be leveraged to share conservation insights and connect with conservation plans, including scheduled maintenance activities While the Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) is recognized as the standard for documenting and sharing asset data during a building's operational phase, there remains significant potential to broaden the scope of conservation data sharing.

The integration of HBIM into conserved heritage projects enhances the existing BIM Level 2 process outlined in PAS1192-2 While certain components may require adjustments with the upcoming ISO1950, the current methodology can be easily modified to incorporate these changes This comprehensive proposal introduces additional considerations for conservation projects, ensuring alignment with established methods and documentation practices.

The study focused on applying the maximum Level of Detail (LOD) test at 350 for managing the information components of the Hung Kings Temple heritage, but faced challenges related to execution time and testing General information and geometry levels (LOI and LOG) reached between 400 and 450, facilitating easier restoration of patterns and textures The author suggests developing a detailed level for components with LODs of 400 and 450 to enable experimental 3D printing of patterns for future restoration efforts.

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QUESTIONAIRE SURVEY 1

Phi u s (vui lòng không ghi vào đây): | _| _| _| _|

(The surveyor does not write here)

KH O SÁT V T N SU T S D NG THÔNG TIN C U KI N TRONG CÔNG TRÌNH DI TÍCH L CH S PH C V DUY TU, B O D NG VÀ QU N

SURVEY ON FREQUENCY OF USING DATABASES HISTORICAL WORKS FOR MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT

Xin chân thành cảm ơn Anh/Ch đã dành thời gian quý báu để thực hiện bảng khảo sát này Sự đóng góp và kinh nghiệm của Anh/Ch trong lĩnh vực bảo tồn di sản kiến trúc nói chung và trong kiến trúc xây dựng nói riêng rất quý giá.

Tôi là Lê M Uy Nh , hi n t i tôi đang là h c viên cao h c khóa 2020, ngành Qu n lý Xây d ng c a ch ng trình IMP t i i h c Bách Khoa - i h c Qu c gia Thành ph

H Chí Minh Tôi đang th c hi n lu n v n t t nghi p v i đ tài: “Thi t L p và ánh Giá

C S D Li u Mô Hình Thông Tin Di S n (HBIM) Ph c V Qu n Lý V n Hành Và

Duy tu bảo tồn di tích lịch sử đang diễn ra nhanh chóng tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Việt Nam Sự phát triển này được thúc đẩy bởi ngành xây dựng, với sự chú trọng đặc biệt vào việc bảo tồn di sản kiến trúc Mục đích chính của việc khảo sát là xác định sự sử dụng thông tin cấu kiện trong công trình di tích lịch sử nhằm bảo tồn, bảo dưỡng và quản lý vận hành di sản một cách hiệu quả.

T t c thông tin cung c p c a Anh/Ch ch nh m ph c v cho m c đích nghiên c u

N u Anh/Ch c n thêm thông tin chi ti t Anh/Ch vui lòng liên h theo s đi n tho i ho c đa ch e-mail bên d i:

S đi n tho i: 0907 267 137 E-mail: nhu.le.imp20@hcmut.edu.vn

Xin chân thành c m n ý ki n, đóng góp c a Anh/Ch !

Thank you for participating in our survey! We aim to gain insights into your experiences in the construction industry, particularly regarding architectural heritage protection and building architecture Your expertise and feedback are invaluable to us.

Le My Uy Nhu is an International Master's student in Construction Management at the University of Technology - Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City Her master's thesis focuses on establishing and evaluating a database for Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM) aimed at the operation management and maintenance of historical relics Given the rapid changes in society and the dynamic growth of the construction industry, particularly in architectural heritage conservation, her research aims to assess the frequency of databases related to historical monuments to enhance their upkeep and maintenance, specifically in Ho Chi Minh City.

All your personal information is only used for research purposes and only for the publication of aggregated results

If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact them below:

Full name: Le My Uy Nhu

Phone number: 0907 267 137 E-mail: nhu.le.imp20@hcmut.edu.vn

Thank you very much for your comments and contributions!

PART A THÔNG TIN CÁ NHÂN/ INDIVIDUAL INFORMATION

Anh Ch vui lòng đi n thông tin cá nhân bên d i/ Please fill the gap for your information below:

PART B THÔNG TIN CHUNG/ GENERAL INFORMATION

H ng d n: đi n vào b ng câu h i, vui lòng ch n câu tr l i phù h p nh t và đánh d u 械

Instruction: To fill in the questionnaire, please choose the most suitable answer and tick 械

1 Vai trò c a Anh/Ch trong công trình ki n trúc/ Your role in the architecture project

薫Ban qu n lý v n hành tòa nhà/ Facility or Operation Manager

薫Nhà th u chính, th u ph / Constructor

薫Khác (Vui lòng ghi c th )/ Others (please specify):

2 Th i gian Anh/Ch tham gia công tác qu n lý thi t k , v n hành công trình/ Time to participate in the design and operation management

In the realm of operation management, please specify the types of projects you have participated in by selecting multiple options.

魁 Khách s n, ngh d ng/ Hospitality

魁 Tòa nhà v n phòng/ Office Building

魁 Chung c , khu dân c / Residential, Apartment

魁 Công trình di tích l ch s , công trình c đi n / Ancient building, Heritage building

魁 Khác (Vui lòng ghi c th )/ Others (please specify):

PART C THÔNG TIN D ÁN/ PROJECT INFORMATION

H ng d n: đi n vào b ng câu h i, vui lòng ch n câu tr l i phù h p nh t và đánh d u 械

Instruction: To fill in the questionnaire, please choose the most suitable answer and tick 械

1 Anh/Ch có tham gia d án nào ng d ng mô hình thông tin công trình (BIM)/ Do you participate in the Building Information Modeling Projects

2 Hi n t i Anh/ Ch có đang tham gia, nghiên c u v công trình di tích l ch s / Are you currently participating in and researching historical monuments

Based on my perspective, the prevalent issues in the management and operation of historical monuments today include inadequate funding, lack of proper maintenance, insufficient public awareness, and ineffective regulatory frameworks These challenges hinder the preservation and accessibility of these cultural treasures, emphasizing the need for improved strategies and community engagement to ensure their sustainability for future generations.

薫 M t nhi u thông tin c a các chi ti t c u ki n l ch s / Loss of information of historical details

薫 S thay đ i, c n i, đi u chnh công n ng ki n trúc di s n/ The change, expansion, and adjustment of heritage architectural functions

薫 chính xác c a b n v tay không cao/ The low accuracy of the hand drawing

薫 Khó đ ng b thông tin gi a các ph n m m/ Difficult to synchronize information between software

薫 Nh p li u b ng tay d có sai sót/ Manual data entry is prone to errors

薫 Khó theo dõi và c p nh t tình tr ng th c t (real time) c a di s n/ Difficult to track and update the actual status (real time) of the heritage

薫 Thi u b n v , thông tin, tài li u liên quan v tài s n c a công trình/ Lack of drawings, information, and related documents on the property of the project

薫 Tính đa d ng, bi n th c a các c u ki n, ki n trúc ngh thu t/ Diversity and variation of structures, artistic architecture

Restoring monuments in Vietnam requires methods that respect and enhance the unique characteristics of traditional architecture Key approaches include using authentic materials, preserving original designs, and incorporating local craftsmanship Additionally, it is essential to consider the historical context and cultural significance of the site to ensure that restoration efforts honor the heritage of Vietnam By employing these strategies, we can effectively maintain the integrity of Vietnam's architectural legacy while adapting to contemporary needs.

薫 Ph ng pháp b o qu n/ Method of preservation

薫 Ph ng pháp trùng tu t ng ph n/ Method of partial restoration

薫Ph ng pháp trùng tu toàn b / Method of full restoration

The methods of storing information about relics should align with the unique characteristics of Vietnam's traditional architecture Effective approaches may include utilizing digital databases, creating detailed catalogs, and employing visual documentation techniques that respect and reflect the cultural significance of these structures Additionally, integrating community participation and local narratives can enhance the preservation of historical context while ensuring that the information remains accessible and engaging for future generations.

薫 Ch p nh v i th c k , thang đo/ Take photo with dimension

薫 V can, v ghi/ Draw with tracing paper, architectural record drawing

薫 D p khuôn, khuôn/ Stamping, Casting

薫 o đ c có tính ch t s đ , đo v ki n trúc có tính kh o c / Measurement of a schematic, architectural measurement is of archeological nature

薫 Làm mô hình, mô ph ng 3D/ Model making, 3D simulation

In your opinion, what essential information should be provided to the historical relic management and operation department?

魁 B n v hoàn công/ As-built Drawing

魁 Thông tin l ch s c a c u ki n/ History information of detail

魁 Yêu c u k thu t cho gia c , tái đ nh v / Technical requirement for anastyloses and consolidation

魁 Thông tin ph c h i, duy tu c a c u ki n/ Information for restoration and reconstruction

魁 H ng d n v n hành và b o t n nguyen tr ng/ Instrument for maintenance and conservation

Vui lòng đánh giá thang đi m 5 cho câu tr l i/ Please rate from 1 to 5 for each question:

The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) into heritage projects, referred to as Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM), is essential for enhancing the management and preservation of historic structures This innovative approach allows for the detailed documentation and analysis of heritage sites, ensuring their longevity and integrity By utilizing HBIM, stakeholders can effectively collaborate and make informed decisions that respect the cultural significance of these buildings while integrating modern technology.

In your opinion, how essential is it to establish a unified information model for the management and operation of monuments? Please rate its necessity on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being extremely necessary.

PART D C S D LI U CHO MÔ HÌNH THÔNG TIN DI S N ÁP D NG CHO GIAI O N QU N LÝ V N HÀNH/ DATABASES OF APPLYING HERITAGE BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING FOR OPERATION MANAGEMENT

Please assess the importance of the necessary information regarding the heritage information model during the management and operational phase.

Vui lòng ch n câu tr l i phù h p nh t và đánh d u 械/ Please give a 械for your choice

Scale T n su t s d ng thông tin di s n Frequency of using heritage information

1 T n su t xu t hi n h u nh không có

The frequency of occurrence is almost nonexistent

2 T n su t xu t hi n m c ít The frequency of occurrence is low

The frequency of occurrence is medium

4 T n su t xu t hi n m c khá nhi u

The frequency of occurrence is quite high

5 T n su t xu t hi n m cr t nhi u The frequency of occurrence is very high

* Quy th c trong ki n trúc truy n th ng Vi t Nam / Vietnamese ancient architect technique

** N i th t đình chùa truy n th ng Vi t Nam (n i th t th cúng)/ The Vietnamese traditional worship interior elements

PART E ÁNH GIÁ S B / GENERAL ASSESSMENT

H ng d n: Vui lòng tr l i các câu h i sau

Instruction: Please answer these question

In your opinion, which structure poses the greatest challenges for the restoration and rehabilitation of monuments? Please specify the code for the structure in question.

According to your perspective, the development of the heritage information model during the management and operational phase should prioritize specific groups of components to enhance effectiveness and efficiency.

3 Vui lòng cho chúng tôi ý ki n ph n h i khác/ Please feel free to give us your comment

Trân tr ng c m n s ph i h p c a Anh ch !

Thank you with kind regards!

QUESTIONAIRE SURVEY 2

KH O SÁT NHU C U V C P THÔNG TIN S D NG THÔNG TIN

C U KI N TRONG CÔNG TRÌNH DI TÍCH L CH S PH C V DUY TU,

B O D NG VÀ QU N LÝ V N HÀNH

SURVEY OF THE DEMAND FOR COMPONENT LEVEL OF

DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORICAL WORKS FOR MAINTENANCE AND

Trước tiên, tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn Anh/Ch đã dành thời gian quý báu để thực hiện bảng khảo sát này Tôi rất trân trọng sự đóng góp cũng như kinh nghiệm của Anh/Ch trong lĩnh vực bảo tồn di sản kiến trúc nói chung và trong lĩnh vực kiến trúc xây dựng nói riêng.

Tôi là Lê M Uy Nh, hiện là học viên cao học khóa 2020 ngành Quản lý Xây dựng của chương trình IMP tại Đại học Bách Khoa - Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Tôi đang thực hiện luận văn tốt nghiệp với đề tài: “Thiết lập và đánh giá cơ sở dữ liệu mô hình thông tin di sản (HBIM) phục vụ quản lý vận hành và duy tu bảo tồn di tích lịch sử.” Hiện nay, nhận thức về sự thay đổi và phát triển nhanh chóng của xã hội đang ảnh hưởng đến ngành xây dựng, đặc biệt là trong lĩnh vực bảo tồn di sản kiến trúc Mục đích chính của nghiên cứu này là xác định nhu cầu về việc cập nhật sử dụng thông tin cấu kiện trong công trình di tích lịch sử phục vụ cho duy tu, bảo tồn và quản lý vận hành di sản đó, cụ thể tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Việt Nam.

T t c thông tin cung c p c a Anh/Ch ch nh m ph c v cho m c đích nghiên c u

N u Anh/Ch c n thêm thông tin chi ti t Anh/Ch vui lòng liên h theo s đi n tho i ho c đa ch e-mail bên d i:

S đi n tho i: 0907 267 137 E-mail: nhu.le.imp20@hcmut.edu.vn

Xin chân thành c m n ý ki n, đóng góp c a Anh/Ch !

Thank you for participating in our survey! We value your insights and experiences in the construction industry, particularly regarding architectural heritage protection and building architecture Your knowledge is greatly appreciated.

Le My Uy Nhu is an International Master's student in Construction Management at the University of Technology - Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City Her master's thesis focuses on establishing and evaluating a database for Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM) aimed at the operation management and maintenance of historical relics Given the rapid changes in society and the construction industry, particularly in architectural heritage conservation, her research aims to assess the demand for detailed component-level information in historical monuments to enhance their upkeep and maintenance, specifically within Ho Chi Minh City.

All your personal information is only used for research purposes and only for the publication of aggregated results

If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact them below: Full name: Le My Uy Nhu

Phone number: 0907 267 137 E-mail: nhu.le.imp20@hcmut.edu.vn

Thank you very much for your comments and contributions!

A THÔNG TIN CÁ NHÂN/ INDIVIDUAL INFORMATION

Anh Ch vui lòng đi n thông tin cá nhân bên d i/ Please fill the gap for your information below:

Anh Ch conducted a survey on the frequency of using databases for historical works related to the maintenance, preservation, and operational management of cultural heritage sites Did you participate in this survey?

B THÔNG TIN CHUNG/ GENERAL INFORMATION

M c đ phát tri n c a thông tin c u ki n công trình di tích l ch s đ c đánh giá theo thang LOD 5 c p đ (LOD 100, LOD 200, LOD 300, LOD 350 và LOD 400)

The AIA (American Institute of Architects) oversees the standardization of Building Information Modeling (BIM) through the AIA E202-2013 model, which is essential for project implementation This framework was established in 2010 and aligns with the CSI Uniformat system The assessment of historical monuments' development information is categorized on a 5-level Level of Development (LOD) scale, including LOD 100, LOD 200, LOD 300, LOD 350, and LOD 400 The LOD specifications are based on the foundational definitions created by the AIA for the AIA G202-2013 Building Information Modeling Protocol.

Table 1 B ng mình h a LOD/ LOD illustration table

Thông tin trực quan về mặt hình dáng bên ngoài chứa đựng các yếu tố quan trọng như kích thước, số lượng, hình thức và vị trí, được xác định một cách chính xác trong toàn bộ dự án Đặc biệt, thông tin này chiếm khoảng 60% nội dung, bao gồm kích thước hình học và các thông tin chức năng cần thiết Đây là mức độ mà phần tử được xác định bằng dữ liệu chính xác về số lượng, kích thước và hình thức trong dự án.

Ph n t Mô hình đ c bi u di n b ng đ th trong

Mô hình d i d ng m t h th ng, đ i t ng ho c c m c th v s l ng, kích th c, hình d ng, v trí, h ng và giao di n v i các h th ng tòa nhà khác

Ph n t Mô hình đ c bi u di n b ng đ th trong

Mô hình d i d ng m t h th ng, đ i t ng ho c c m c th v kích th c, hình d ng, v trí, s l ng và h ng v i thông tin chi ti t, ch t o, l p ráp và cài đ t

The Model Element may be graphically represented in the

Model with a symbol or other generic representation

The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a generic system, object, or assembly with approximate quantities, size, shape, location, and orientation

Any information derived from LOD

200 and Nongraphic information may also be attached to the Model Element

The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a specific system, object, or assembly in terms of quantity, size, shape, location, orientation, and interface with other building systems

The Model visually depicts the Element as a distinct system, object, or assembly, characterized by its size, shape, location, quantity, and orientation, while also incorporating detailed information regarding fabrication, assembly, and installation.

Kh i k hà Bán hình h c Hình h c c n b n Hình h c chính xác v i các k t n i Hình h c s n sàng ch t o

Precise Geometry Precise Geometry with Connections

After conducting thorough research and surveys, the findings have led to the development of a comprehensive database that facilitates the creation of HBIM models These models are designed to support the operation and maintenance of historical relics, with the summarized data presented in Table 2.

Table 2 Traditional Vietnamese Architecture Component LOD Assessment

Element Group C u ki n/ Element LOD

Foundation 200 A1010.10 Wall Foundations 200 A1020.10 Helical Piles 200 A1020.60 Raft Foundations 200 A1020.70 Pile caps 200 A1020.80 Grade Beams 200

Bracket post 300 B1010.10.68* Vertical Eave 300 B1080.10 Stair Construction 300

Function 300 B2050.60 Exterior Grilles 300 B2050.70 Exterior Gate 300 B2070.10 Exterior Louver 300 B2080.50

Exterior Balcony Walls and Railings

C1010.10.10 Interior Wall 300 C1020.10 Interior Operating 300 C1020.20 Interior Fixed 300 C1020.50 Special Function 300 C1030.10 Swinging Doors 300 C1030.25 Sliding Doors 300 C1030.30 Folding Doors 300 C1030.40 Coiling Doors 300

E2010.92** The horizontal lacquered board 350 E2010.93** Wood Table 350

E2010.94** Screw shaped ornament 350 E2010.95** Incense table 350 E2050.10 Movable Art 350 E2050.30 Furniture 350 E2050.40 Accessories 350

Furnishings 350 E2050.31** Ancestral Altar 350 E2050.32** Incensory 350 E2050.33** Incense Bowl 350

Composite 350 E2050.35** Holy Beats 350 E2050.36** Bronze Hammer 350 E2050.37** Parasol 350 E2050.38** Flower Pot 350 E2050.39** Brass Burners 350 E2050.41** Brass Bell 350

The database established in the study effectively supports the management process of historical monuments.

According to your insights, the established database can effectively integrate with traditional historical documents, enhancing the study and management processes of historical monuments.

According to the study, the established database and HBIM model effectively support the conservation and restructuring processes of historical monuments.

According to the study, the database and HBIM model cannot replace traditional 2D drawings.

5 Vui lòng cho chúng tôi ý ki n ph n h i khác/ Please feel free to give us your comment

Trân tr ng c m n s ph i h p c a Anh ch !

Thank you with kind regards!

QUESTIONAIRE SURVEY RESULTS

CHAPTER I: QUESTIONAIRE SURVEY RESULTS 1 PART B: GENERAL INFORMATION

1 B1 Your role in the architecture project

B1 Your role in the architecture project

2 B2 Time to participate in the design and operation management

B2 Time to participate in the design and operation management

3 B3 Type of project in which you have participated in operation management

B3 Type of project in which you have participated in operation management

The ancient building, Heritage building

1 C1 Participate in the Building Information Modeling Projects

C1 Participate in the Building Information Modeling Projects

2 C2 Are you currently participating in and researching historical monuments?

C2 Are you currently participating in and researching historical monuments

3 C3 The common problems in the management and operation of historical monuments nowadays are

C3 The common problems in the management and operation of historical monuments nowadays are

No The common problem Frequency

1 Loss of information of historical details 44

2 The change, expansion, and adjustment of heritage architectural functions 39

3 The low accuracy of the hand drawing 31

4 Difficult to synchronize information between software 25

5 Manual data entry is prone to errors 21

6 Difficult to track and update the actual status (real-time) of the heritage 27

7 Lack of drawings, information, and related documents on the property of the project 34

8 Diversity and variation of structures, artistic architecture 24

4 C4 The method of restoring the monument in what ways is suitable to the characteristics of the traditional architecture of Vietnam

C4 The method of restoring the monument in what ways is suitable to the characteristics of the traditional architecture of Vietnam

No Method of restoring Frequency

3 Method of the full restoration 22

5 C5 The method of storing information about relics in what ways is suitable to the characteristics of the traditional architecture of Vietnam

C5 The method of storing information about relics in what ways is suitable to the characteristics of the traditional architecture of Vietnam

No Method of storing information Frequency

3 Draw with tracing paper, architectural record drawing 31

5 Measurement of a schematic, architectural measurement is of archeological nature 38

6 C6 What type of information should be handed over?

C6 What type of information should be handed over?

No Type of information Frequency

3 Technical requirements for anastylosis and consolidation 46

4 Information for restoration and reconstruction 37

5 The instrument for maintenance and conservation 26

CHAPTER II: QUESTIONAIRE SURVEY RESULTS 2

11 C1 According to you, the database set in the study can meet the process of managing historical monuments

C1 According to you, the database set in the study can meet the process of managing historical monuments

12 C2 According to you, the database set could have collaborated with the traditional historical document in the study can meet the process of managing historical monuments

C2 According to you, the database set could collaborate with the traditional historical document in the study can meet the process of managing historical monuments

13 C3 According to you, the database set and HBIM model in the study can meet the process of element conservation of historical monuments

C3 According to you, the database set and HBIM model in the study can meet the process of element conservation of historical monuments

14 C4 According to you, the database set and HBIM model in the study could not be replaced the 2D drawing

C4 According to you, the database set and HBIM model in the study could not be replaced the 2D drawing

Tiêu đề	Establish and Evaluate the Database for Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) for Operation Management and Maintenance of Historical Relics
Tác giả	Le My Uy Nhu
Người hướng dẫn	Dr. Le Hoai Long, Dr. Nguyen Anh Thu
Trường học	Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Chuyên ngành	Construction Management
Thể loại	master’s thesis
Năm xuất bản	2022
Thành phố	Ho Chi Minh City

Định dạng
Số trang	197
Dung lượng	10,09 MB