Nghiên cứu công nghệ thích hợp xử lý nước thải quá trình chế biến cao su thiên nhiên

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPROPRIATE TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR NATURAL RUBBER PROCESSING WASTEWATER TREATMENT CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DISSERTATION Hanoi – 2022 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPROPRIATE TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR NATURAL RUBBER PROCESSING WASTEWATER TREATMENT Major: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Code No : NCS16091 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DISSERTATION SUPERVISORS: Hanoi – 2022 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Firstly, I would like to thank the Professors and Staff in the Ph D program, the officers in the Department of Education, Hanoi University of Science and Technology Thank you for all the guidance and support you have made for me while I have fulfilled the dissertation Working with colleagues in the Department of Chemical Engineering has been a privilege I would like to thank you from the bottom of my heart for your constant encouragement Finally, I am so glad to have a supervisor like Assoc Prof n Ever since I have started to work under your supervision, I have learned a lot which really helps me to become a better person Thank you! You are the best supervisor ever I hope to receive some words of encouragement and full support from the readers in order to make my Ph D dissertation better Hanoi, …/…/… Author of the dissertation i DECLARATION I hereby certify that the dissertation "Development of an appropriate treatment for industrial rubber industrial wastewater treatment" is my own research project The data and results stated in the doctoral dissertation are honest I hereby declare that the information cited in the doctoral dissertation has been fully originated / Hanoi,…/…/… ON BEHALF OF SUPERVISORS Author Assoc Prof ii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT i DECLARATION ii CONTENTS iii FIGURE LIST iv TABLE LIST vi Introduction Objective Tasks (Scientific and practical meanings) Current Problem and its solution State of the art 1 Natural rubber 1 Natural rubber processing process 1 Natural rubber processing wastewater Current treatment technology for natural rubber processing wastewater 12 Biological aerobic and anaerobic pond 13 2 Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor 14 Anaerobic baffled reactor 17 Activated sludge process 19 Swim bed tank 20 Down flow hanging sponge reactor 20 Dissolved air floatation 22 Membrane bioreactor 22 Combination of treatment systems for natural rubber processing wastewater 22 Industrial wastewater treatment process 23 Characteristics of anaerobic wastewater treatment and the degradation pathway of anaerobic digestion 23 Anaerobic industrial wastewater treatment technology 26 iii 3 Characteristics of aerobic wastewater treatment and the degradation Greenhouse gas emissions from the wastewater treatment system Material and methods 27 28 30 Filed survey 30 1 Greenhouse gases collection and analysis 30 2 Laboratory UASB-DHS system 32 2 Raw wastewater 32 2 System description and operational conditions 34 Laboratory scale ABR system 35 Raw natural rubber processing wastewater 35 System description and operational conditions 36 Pilot UASB-DHS system 37 Analysis 39 Potential of hydrogen 39 Dissolved oxygen 39 Oxidation-reduction potential 39 Chemical oxygen demand 40 5 Biochemical oxygen demand 40 Suspended solid 41 Total nitrogen 41 Ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate 41 Volatile fatty acid 42 10 Biogas production and composition 42 Results and Discussions 43 Characterization of a current wastewater treatment system 43 Development concept of a laboratory scale UASB-DHS system for natural rubber processing wastewater treatment 51 3 Development concept of a laboratory scale ABR experiment 58 3 Process performance of ABR 58 3 Determinates profiles inside the ABR 60 iv Development concept of a pilot scale UASB-DHS system experiment for treatment of natural rubber processing wastewater 61 Process performance 61 Nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas emissions 67 Performance comparison of ABR-UASB-DHS system and existing treatment system 71 Design for full-scale UASB-DHS system for natural rubber processing wastewater in Vietnam 75 Reactor design for natural rubber processing wastewater 75 1 Pre-treatment process for UASB reactor 75 UASB reactor 77 DHS reactor 78 Calculation of Energy consumption and generation for the operation of the UASB-DHS system 78 Energy consumption of UASB-DHS system 78 2 Energy production of UASB-DHS system 79 Conclusions 80 Recommendation for future study 82 PUBLICATION LIST 83 References 91 v FIGURE LIST Figure 1 Top natural rubber produced countries over the world in 2014 [3] Figure Natural rubber harvested area and production in Vietnam [2] Figure Natural rubber production area in Vietnam [2] Figure Natural rubber manufacturing process [5] Figure Schematic diagram of coagulation process [5] Figure Full-scale biological pond in Vietnam 14 Figure Schematic diagram of UASB reactor 16 Figure Various reactor configurations of ABR [16] 18 Figure Basic water flow in conventional activated sludge 19 Figure 10 Principle of downflow hanging sponge reactor and full-scale DHS in India 21 Figure 11 Development history from DHS G1 to DHS G6 [30] 21 Figure 12 Anaerobic digestion scheme of organic compounds 25 Figure 13 Aerobic biological degradation pathway 28 Figure Schematic diagram of open-type anaerobic system 30 Figure 2 Gas sampling system used in this study 32 Figure (A) Thanh Hoa Rubber Factory, (B) Coagulation process in natural rubber sheet producing process 33 Figure Schematic diagram of the baffled reactor (BR), upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), and downflow hanging sponge (DHS) combined system (1) Substrate reservoir, (2) pump, (3) pretreatment tank, (4) pump, (5–9) sampling ports, (10) UASB column, (11) Gas solid separator, (12) mixer, (13) heated water column, (14) water bath, (15) desulfurizer, (16) gas meter, (17) distributor Figure Protocol for preparation of natural rubber processing wastewater iv 35 following actual factory methods 36 Figure Schematic diagram of anaerobic baffled reactor 36 Figure Schematic and photo of the pilot scale ABR-UASB-ST-DHS system 38 Figure Biogas composition of compartments 28, 33, and 56 48 Figure Methane gas emission rate and COD concentration of each compartment 49 Figure 3 COD mass balance in the OAS 49 Figure Nitrous oxide rate and ammonia concentration in each compartment 50 Figure Composition of emitted GHGs from near the influent part, the center part, and the effluent part of the OAS 50 Figure Time course of pH and temperature during the operation periods 54 Figure Time course of (a) total COD, (b) soluble COD, (c) TSS, (d) VSS, and (e) TN during the operation periods 56 Figure COD mass balance of the influent, BR effluent, and UASB effluent during phase 56 Figure Time course of (A) Total COD and (B) TSS concentrations through phase to phase 59 Figure 10 Soluble COD, acetate, and propionate concentrations in ABR on (A) 103 day and (B) 199 day 61 Figure 11 Accumulation of rubber particular in feed pipe and photo of wastewaters 64 Figure 12 Time course of (A) Total COD removal efficiency and organic loading rate of UASB reactor, (B) Total BOD removal efficiency 66 Figure 13 (A) Total nitrogen and (B) ammonia removal efficiency of the total system and DHS reactor during phase to phase 70 References 91 v TABLE LIST Table 1 Characteristics of natural rubber processing wastewater in Vietnam 11 Table National technical regulation on the effluent of natural rubber processing industry in Vietnam 12 Table Type of treatment process applied in Vietnam [4] 13 Table Application of UASB reactor for natural rubber processing wastewater treatment 16 Table Comparison of technologies used for natural rubber processing wastewater treatment 23 Table Benefits of the anaerobic treatment process 24 Table Application of anaerobic technology to industrial wastewater [33] 27 Table Global warming potential of GHG 29 Table Water quality of natural rubber processing wastewater obtained from a natural rubber sheet producing factory in Thanh Hoa Province 33 Table 2 Summary of the initial operational conditions for the two operating phases 34 Table Operational conditions for anaerobic baffled reactor 37 Table Initial operational conditions through phases to 39 Table Present treatment system flow of a local natural rubber processing factory 44 Table Water quality in each sampling point at a local natural rubber processing wastewater in Vietnam Table 45 3 Summary of process performance of the treatment system 57 Table Summary of the process parameters of the system during entire experimental period 65 vi PUBLICATION LIST 1) Miwa, T , Takimoto, Y , Mizuta, Y , Hatamoto, M , Watari, T , & Yamaguchi, T , (2022) An increase in sludge loading rate induces gel fouling in membrane bioreactors treating real sewage Chemosphere, in press 2) Aoki, M , Miyashita, Y , Miwa, T , Watari, T , Yamaguchi, T , Syutsubo, K , & Hayashi, K (2022) Manganese oxidation and prokaryotic community analysis in a polycaprolactone-packed aerated biofilm reactor operated under seawater conditions Biotech, 12(9), 1-14 3) Nguyen, T H , Watari, T , Vo, T T , 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Nguyen, T Yamaguchi (2017), “Development of downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor as post treatment of existing combined anaerobic tank treating natural rubber processing wastewater”, Water Science and Technology, Vol 75, no 1, pp 57–68 [49] S Chaiprapat, S Wongchana, S Loykulnant, C Kongkaew, B Charnnok (2015), “Evaluating sulfuric acid reduction, substitution, and recovery to improve environmental performance and biogas productivity in rubber latex industry”, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Vol 94, no C, pp 420–429 96 ... each compartment Chambers and were used to measure biogas production from the bottom (4 m2 of total surface area) and the wall surface (12 m2 of total surface area) of the OAS, respectively Concentrations... the domestic water supply (used for daily activities, except directly for drinking and cooking) Standard B is applied for other water supplies other than the domestic water supply (e g , water... have a supervisor like Assoc Prof n Ever since I have started to work under your supervision, I have learned a lot which really helps me to become a better person Thank you! 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