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KHOA Hoc CONG HONE ANH HUONG CUA PHAN BON CHIA Ca VA Mg HEN SINN Lt (WANG HOP VA NANG SUAT CAY HO Tau (Pipper nigrum L.) HANG THONG GIAI DOAN KINH DOANH TAI OAK LAK Nguyen Tien Nam', Tran Manh Th12, Trail Thing DOng2, Nguyen Anh Dung' TOM TAT Thi nghtem dugs ben hanh tau xa Ea "lieu, huyen Cu Kuin, tinh Dak ISE to thing nani 2015 den thing nam 2016 nham &WI gia anh htning ciia bon Ca va Mg den dee diem quang hop va clang suit cay h6 btu (bYper tgqrum L) glai down kinh doanh KCt qua cho thay sit dung Ca va Mg da cal thien kha nang quang hop cua cay; ham luong dinh duOng da luong, trung Wong Li can ddi !m, nang suit cay hit lieu clang kinh doanh tang 6,68% so veri ddi cluing (along *Mg 3,67 ta/ha) kb& Galina canal MgSO, hit deu 'ripper am, quang trishr Viet Nam la nu& sin xuat va xuat khan he tieu hang du the giot Theo sd lieu thong ke nam 2015, dien tich he tieu cua Viet Nam khoAng 85.000 ha, xuAt khan 133.569 tan chiem 45,5% thi trutong he tieu the giOi Trong de, 50,5% dien tich va san *mg h6 tieu dm Viet Nam tip trung b cac tinh Thy Nguyen Cay h6 tieu clang la cay dein lai hieu qui kinh to cho (thug clan Thy Nguyen Hien nghien aiu ve dinh clueing lugltg Mu: canxi (Ca), magie (Mg) va Itm hujmh (S) cho cay he tieu a Viet Nam it dupe quan tam (Nguyen Hoy Trinh, 1988; Ton NO Twin Nam, 2004) Trong !chi de, theo Mathrew (1994), Pariah (2009) va Sadananda (2000) nghien ails thong dinh clueing cho cay h6 tieu thay Ca tich luy la kha cao, thich hop la 1,42 — 3,33%, ttrong duong voi K va N cao gap 10 Ian P Tuong tv nhu Sy Mg ce nhu ciu gap lin so vei P, ham Itrong S la thich hop 0.09 — 0,29, tuang throng vol P Thuc to san xuAt h6 tieu Thy Nguyen cho thay nue' san xuat he tieu sir dieing phAn ben chua can d6i, chic yeu ben N, P va K, vi vay, hien tuong thieu sinh 1S, Ca, Mg va S tren la da bleu hien kha ph6 hien cay h6 lieu kinh doanh vao diu mica mm &Tay Nguyen De Op phin clang cao hieu qui san xuat ray h6 tieti, thi righiem thvc hien phun dung djch Caltrac va MgSO4 cho h6 tieu kinh doanh, vv 2015-2016 tai I NCS khoa hoc city trOng, Truemg DO hoc Tay Nguyen Vien Ong nghe Sinh hoc & MT, Truhng Dal hoc Tay Nguyen 26 huyen Cu Kuin, tinh Daly Uk nhint nghien clnt )(sic dinh val tre sinh IV, 'wing ben t61 w ala Ca, Mg del veil cay h6 lieu L 110111)1 VA PHUONG C1111 2.1 Vet lieu, thei gime dla diem nghien eta - CAy he tieu (Ether n(grum giai don kinh doanh, gidng Vinh Linh (Viten cay dang thtri kir kinh doanh Min dui 6, nang &lift: 542 ta/ha née thi righiem ), ming teen Qat nau (Rhodic Ferralsols) Mat dO 1.600 trv/ha, Ichoing cach cay each cay va hang each hang: 2,5 x 2,5 m Phan ben la Caltrac co ham luong Ca la 40% w/w (Cty iNHH Yara Vitt Nam), MgSO4.7 H2O 98% c6 8,5% Mg va 11,5%5 (Ttung Qudc) - Mei gian nghien den thi nghiem: tir thing 4/2015 den thang 3/2016 - Dia diem nghien (-du: thi nghiem dam b6 tri vi dim hien tai khu Arc xa Ea lieu huyen Cu Kuin, tinh DAlc 2.2 Pinang phap b6 tri thi nghlem - Ceng thtic thi h CoM d( M0e a C2M0 ) Cal1/441 10 C2M1 11 COM: C2M2 COM, 12 C2M3 CiMa 13 C3M0 CIA 14 C3M, CIM2 15 C3M2 C M3 16 C3M3 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 8/2016 10110A HOC CONO MOH + Cat phin tich Wing quang ph6 hip phi Trong de: nguytn tit MS (A7000, Shimazu, Nhat Bin), AOAC Co: Phun nuoc Ia, Mo: Phun nu& Ia, Cr: Caltrac 0,10%, hit: MgSO4 0,10%, C2: Caltrac 0,15%, M2: 969.08 (2005), MS + Mg%: phis] tich bang quang ph6 hip phu MRS04 0,15%, C3: Caltrac 0,20%, M3: MgSO4 0,20% nguyen tit MS (A7000, Shimazu, Nhat Ban), AOAC Thi nghiem dupe b6 tri theo khat hart town ngAu nhien (Randomized Complete Block Design — 969.08 (2005), MS - Cac chi lieu phan tich dit RCBD) ban Lin nhic lai gam 16 Ong thitc, 64 thi nghiem 12 try he tieu/O tong dien tich toan thi + pHKo: Do bang pH met; nghiem la 0.48 + Man (%): Bang phuong phap quang ph6 Caltrac va MgSO4 phun lin/vu: Lain truer Walkley-Black: hoa vao diu mita mita, lin sau dau trai (thing 8), + N %: Xac djnh bang phuong phap Kjeklahl: lin thin k5 nub' qua (than 10) Caltrac va MgSO4 + P205 96: phuong phap quang phd theo 10 TCN dupe hoa nuac, mai lin phun 1.500 lit dung 306.97 (Lich /ha, phun dem len be la cay he tieu vao trued chieu mat 3the djnh bang phuong + P205 (mg/100 g phip quang phd theo TCVN 52562009 - Nen thi nghiem: bon 360 kg N + 180 kg P2O5 + 360 kg 1(20/ha (theo Quy trinh ky thuat treng chain + Kali %: Lilian tich bang quang ph6 hip phu soc va thu hoach h6 lieu BO Nang nghiep vi nguyen tit MS (A7000, Shimazu, Nh$t Bin), TCVN PINT ban hanh theo Quyet djnh s6 730/QD-BNN- 8562:2010, MS 5/3/2015) TT + Kali (mg/100 g): plain tich bang quang ph6 2.3 Phuong phitp theo del cat chi tieu hip phi) nguyen tit MS (A7000 Shimazu, Nhat Ban), - Citc chi tieu theo del ye sinh h quang hop: theo TCVN 8662: 2011, MS du& tai vu ern thi nghiem, that gian tit gib 30 me- 081/100 g): Xac djnh bang phuong + (len 11 06 30 bang may quang hop chuyen dung phap quang phd hip phu nguyen tir AAS (A7000, IPS - dm Hoa Ky Shimazu, Nigh 13in) theo TCVN 64962009 AAS + Cuong det quang hop (CDQH) (Innolin12/0 + Ca'', Me (1d1/100 g): Xac djnh bang phuong phap quang phd hip phi) nguyen tit MS (A7000 + Cuang dO align hot nu& (CHINN) Shimazu, Nhat Bin) theo TCVN 85692010, MS rnmol/m2/s) Lay !du dit lay trutc thi nghiem ling — + DO met kh6ng (DMKH) (mmol/m2/s) 30 cm bang khoan neng h6a chuyen dung et vj tri tan - Nang CO? gian bao caa la (NDCO2) cay h6 tieu !Ay tai diem chto gOc tree wan (amol/m2/s) 2.4 Phtrang phap xi/ if 96 btu - Cac chi tieu phan tich mOt s6 chit It Cac se lieu duoc tang hop va %ink thong ke Ily 30 la banh to ngoai bin theo Lay mit bang ehining trinh SAS 9.1 hating Deng, Thy, Nam, Bic b dO cao 1/3 try tit dual Ai QUA VA MO LUAN mat dit len sau dot phun dung djch Ca, Mg cu6i fling 20 cay h6 tieu/to thi nghiem La du& 3.1 MCA s6 chi tieu hoa tinh dit khu vyc thi rira sach de rao, say va nghien, phin tich theo cat phttong phip sau: Ket qua phan tich mOt s6 chi lieu has tinh dit + N96: phan tich theo 10 TCN 451:2001 truce b6 tri thi nghiem duos trinh bay tai bing + P%: ph& tich theo 10 TCN 453:2001 ono° cua dit vuen thi nghiem trung binh dat 4,6, Diu& loci dit chua Ham luting man tang sec phan tich bang quang ph6 hip phu nguyen + lir MS (A7000, Shimazu, Nhat Bin), AOAC 969.23 trung binh la 4,37%, dam tdng s6 0,21% vi Ian tong s6 0,19% mar giau, nhith K2O tong s6 la (2005) AAS 0.04% dupe danh gia b mire ngheo a NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG NON - KS' - THANG /20 16 27 KHOA HOC CONG NGHO P205 de tieu dot 11,12 mg/100 g dat va K30 de lieu dot 17,25 mg/100 g dat duqc &nit gin er mtic thgp Cat va Mg" trao ddi dat dirge danh gig mtic ngheo =•••••••‘•••• nws• "" 15 -on Tong sd Miu s6 pHica (%) OM N P205 4,90 3,91 0,23 0,26 4,90 5,11 0,21 0,25 4,13 4,81 0,25 0,19 4,16 3,85 0,21 0,12 4,90 4,16 0,16 0,13 TB 4,60 4,37 0,21 0,19 3.2 Mit htreng cua phan bon la Caltrac va MgSO4 den hgp thu dinh duong khoang IA hd tieu Kat qua sir dung Caltrac va MgSO4 phun cho cay he lieu da anh hueng den ham lacing dinh doting khoang la 116 lieu (bang 2) cho thgy: Ham luting N% ctia core ding thirc dao Ong to 2,31% den 2,73%; cao nhgt a tong thtic c3M2, tang 0,12% so vol deli chimg; ham luting N% thich hop cho cay ho tieu sixth trueng va phat trien theo thang dinh dating chugn ctia Sadananda (2000) vi Partelli (2009) Ham lasing P205% et ale Ong thirc bien thien 0,11- 0,14%; P205% trung binh cua c.4c ding fluke co phun Caltrac va MgSO4 chi dot 0,13%, dot ngueng thich hop et mac thap so vitt ding 1)6 tea Sadananda (1994, 2000) K20 in b core cOng thirc dao dung tir 1,23% den 2,05%, trung binh la 1,61% Cac cOng thirc phun C3Mi, C3M2 co him lacing K30% la tang 1,872,05916, cao horn so veri trung birth K20 % la va cao hon so vOi deli chimg COMO la 1,51% Ka% la a cOng that C3M, va C3M2 norm nprong kali thich hop cho cay h6 Khi khOng phun Caltrac (CO) ham luting Ca la 0,94,23%, so sanh vol thang dinh clueing ciia Sadananda (2000) va Nguyen Huu Trinh (1988) cho thgy wren cay thieu Ca Khi sir dung core nong dO tir C, den C3 ham hong Ca la vao then ltY cudi vu co xu huong dupe cal thien Trong 86, sir dung mtic tir C2 den C3 cho ham luting Ca la dao dOng tir 1,43% den 2,12%, day la nguung &roc danh gig la thich hop voi h6 tieu Ket qui cling cho thgy phun b6 28 De lieu Cation trao ddi ang/10010 (1d1/100g) 1(20 13205 IC20 Cap' Me 0,12 15,43 15,32 0,89 0,70 0,03 16,74 10,74 0,33 0.46 0,03 11,15 15,42 0,43 0,41 0,02 6,83 21,94 0,37 0,40 0,02 5,45 22,82 0,84 0,42 0,04 11,12 17,25 0,57 0,48 sung canxi qua la hieu qui hon so v6i bon canxi qua dgt theo nghien eau cita Thalib va cOng sty (1991) Bang Anh hieing dm noting di) Caltrac va MgSO4 den tich lay dinh dtrong khoana COng N P K Ca Mg IT dilly (4%) (%) (%) 00 00 CoMo 2,44 0,12 1,51 1,04 0,16 (d/c) C0M, 2,53 0,14 1,43 0,96 0,23 CoM2 2,43 0,11 1,54 1,23 0,21 CoM3 2,41 0,12 1,37 1,14 0,46 C1M0 2,31 0,13 1,63 1,11 0,14 C1M1 2,43 0,13 1,73 1,09 0,32 CiM2 2,41 0,12 1,48 1,21 0,41 C1M3 2,65 0,11 1,63 1,23 0,51 C2M0 2,32 0,14 1,32 1,43 0,21 10 C2M1 2,35 0,14 1,75 1.47 0,38 11 C2M2 2,43 0,11 1,23 1,76 0,39 12 C2M3 2,51 0,14 1,63 1,44 0,49 13 C3M0 2,72 0,12 1,92 1.57 0,13 14 CaMi 2,61 0,14 2,05 2,12 0,33 15 C3M2 2,73 0,11 1,87 1,98 0,51 16 C3M3 2,51 0,12 1,63 1,56 0,54 Ham using Mg (90: Cic mix phun MO cho ket qua ham lacing Mg (%) dao dOng lir 0,13% den 0,21% va er mac thieu but so voi thang chugn cita Phan Hatt Trinh (1988), Sadananda (2000) va Partelli (2009) core mac phun MgSO4 to MI den M., ham luting Mg NONG NGHICP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG TH6N - Ki' - THANG 8/2016 KHOA HOC CONICS NONE (%) Li cao, dao dOng tir 0,21 den 0,54% Nhu vay phun bd sung MgS0, da car thien ham luting Mg tong sd la SO dung mirc phun M3 cho ket qua tot nhit vol him lung Mg (%) tir 0.46% den 0,54%, dat mtic thich hop de city lid tieu sinh tnning vi cho nang suit bit Nhu v$y, hen nen phAn bon 360 kg N + 180 kg P205 + 360 kg K20/ha neu phun b6 sung Ca va MgSO4 thi dinh dtrOng la dm cay h6 tieu cAn ddi hon C.6ng thikc CoMo (4/c) 33 Anh htrOng ctia ming dO caltrac va MgSO4 tbl sinh ly quang hop De dinh gia anh huong dm Ca va MgSO4 tot sinh ly quang hop cua cay lieu, da lien Minh theo dot tic chi teen ben quan den ctrang quang hop (CDQH), cutting thoat hot nuoc (MIEN), dO mo kitting (DMKH) va ming dO CO2 gian bit° (NDCO2) (-Oa la lieu cac cOng thtic phun ket hop Caltrac va MgSO4 vet cac nting do) khac bang ndng dO Caltrac va M2SO den mot so) chi tieu ye quang h Non dO CO2 DO mit IOC Catlin dOTHN Cueing dO QH (Itmol/m3/10 (m11101/e/s) (olloo1/1111/4) (1mol/m2/10 273,25' 126,35 d 1,26 8,89 Cal 8,94 1,,82 208,45 '"`' 337,50 b C3M2 9,01 1,88 218,18' 310,25** CoM3 9,03 1,79 194,65 •••4 322,50 " CtMo C1M1 9.02 1,75 204,05'"` 305,50 be 9,78 1,57 227.78' 305,75 led• CIM2 CIM3 9,43 1,89 213,65* 305,50'"' 10,30 1,88 209,90'` 333,00* C2M0 C2M I 9,87 1,91 222,78' 318,00 bate 10,15 1,83 252,78 • 318.25 belie C2M2 8,89 1.70 134,28* C2M3 12,11 1.78 259,78 • 281,75* moo It C3M0 9,87 1,74 258,38' 299,25 bcd* C31sA1 C3M: 9,81 1,91 139,48 " 287,50 'de 1220 1,77 268,03 • 393,25 • CsM3 9,71 2,01 222,33 • 305,50 bird" LSD cos C NS NS NS NS LSD mos M NS NS NS NS LSD OA C*M NS NS 75,78 48,89 CV(%) CIA 24,88 34,65 25,33 10,90 Cric chit Si khic tong 01 bieu sg sai kink a nghia thew ke ref pc0,05, Sai Glzi khae khOng co nghia Ka qui t4 bang cho thiy cuong dt) quang hop tac giCza Ca va Mg la khOng coy nghia thong ke o dO caa h6 lieu Men thien 8,9-1220 prnol/m2/s C.& cOng tin cay 95% MSc du v(ty, o cite cling thtic C3M2 va thtic cO phun the pharn Caltrac vA MgSO4 ddu lim C2M3, n6ng dO xir lyt 0,150,20% Caltrac va 0,15-020% tang ctrang d0 quang hop tir 0,56% (COMO den 37,22% MgSO4 cho gig tri CDQH cao nhat 12,11-12.20 (C3M) so voi ddi chimg phun nuoc IA (CoM„,) Tuy pmoVm2/s so vet ddi cluing Li 8.89 prnol/m2/s Ket nhien, sty khic biet giera cac cOng thtic phun vA tuong qui cong cho thiy clang nguUng Caltrac, sty gia NONG NGHIP VA PHAT TRIIN NONG THON - Kt - THANG 8/2016 29 al IOWA HOC CONG NONE tang ming MRS°, da lam tang cueing quang hqp la h6 tieu Anh hiking cua phun Caltrac va MgSO, den nang suit cay h6 tieu thi nghiem dupe the Cueing dO thou hot nuoc vi neng dO CO2 hien tat bang elm thay: phun Caltrac ding dO gian bao: CDTHN Ira n6ng dO CO2 gian bao ctia 0,20% nang suit dat 57,65 ta/ha, tang 2,38 ta/ha so cay nOi chung va thy h6 Lieu not rieng phy vii dal chting khong phun; phun MgS0, neng dO thuOc rat nhieu vao giOng, dien tich lit, cueing de inh 0,20% cho nang suit dat 56,99 ti/ha, tang 0,74 ta/ha sang tien hanh vi the dO dinh dtrOng Thi so veil doi chimg khOng phun Sir dung kat hum Ca vi nghiem ben hanh CDTHN vi ding CO2 Mg cho thiy nang suit h6 tieu thi nghiem hien dOng gian bao ala la ho fiat giai doan kinh doanh ala cic 55.27 - 58,57 13/11a rieng cong thtic C3M2 ming cling thtic vi kat qui cho thiy: CDTHN ala clic cong suit tang 6,68% (tuong throng 3,67 ta/ha) so vol doi thtic phun Caltrac va MgS0, via the n6ng dO khk chimg dao dung tit 1,26 mmol/e/s (COW den 2,01 4.1th Lill mmol/m2/s (C3M3) vi neng dO CO2 gian ban But din sir dung Caltrac vi MgS0, da lain tang thap nhat dat 273 pmol/m2/s Ong thtic doi chting ham lung Ca, Mg la h6 UN, tang hip thu dinh (CAC vi cao nhit dat 393 urnol/m2 /s tai cling thtic darting khoang N P vi K Phun Caltrac vi MgS0, da C3M2 Xem xet anh htrirng cua timg nhan to Caltrac c6 tic dOng den wow dO quang hqp, gia tang ding va MgS0, cling nhti sq kat hop ala hal yeti to dO CO2 khoing gian bao gia tang dO mer ten CDTHN cho thiy chua co so sal khac Co coy nghia khong Phun 0,20% Caltrac phoi hqp 0,15% MgSO4 thong ke nhung kat hqp phun Caltrac vi MgS0, da tang flan& suit h6 lieu 6.68%, Wong dtrong 3,67 anh hu6ng den nang AO CO2 gian bao cua la he ta/ha Lieu vi so sal !chic c6 y nghia thong ke dO tin cay 95% TAI TRAM KHAO DO mb !thong ala cac cong thtic phun kik 1.Tan Nir Turin Nam, BM Van Khanh (2004) hop Caltrac vi MgSO4 vii ming dO khac cho h6 Nghien thu mot s6 bien phap ky thuit canh tic cho btu giai doan kinh doanh tren flit bazan dao dOng khoang 210.1 nunol/m2/s Cao nhit dat 393,25 cay h6 tieu i viing Tay Nguyen Brio cio khoa hoc mmol/m2/s tai cling that C31‘12 tang 43% so vii doi thuec de tai: Nghien cim giai phap khoa hoc, cong thing vi sq sal khac c6 nghia thong ke ei mire nghe vi thi truOng de phat then vimg he tieu nguyen lieu, phut vu the hien vi xuit khan Vien Khoa hoc dO tin thy 95% Ky thuat Nang Lam nghiep Tay Nguyen 3.4 Anh huong ala the n6ng Caltrac vi 2.Phan Him Trinh vi Ong sir (1988) K thuat MRS°,den Ming suit thy he tieu dang kinh doanh tr6ng tieu NXB Neing nghiep, 156 trang Bing Anh hueng dm the ming di) Caltrac vi Hoang Minh Tin vi cong so (2006) Giao MgSO4 den fling suit thy he tieu trinh sinh 15, thoc vat Truong Dal hoc Wing nghiep I Ha NOL trang 211-216 on vj tinh: 4.VO Van Vu va Ong su (2009) Sinh 19 hoc Uwe COng th& M M1 Ma M3 , vat NXB Giao doe Viet Nam, trang 161 54,90 55.40 5527 55,36 55,23' CO Boyer (1982) Les Facteus de fertilitye des C, 55.93 56.32 5478 57,00 56.5Ct sols ORSTOM - Part, pp 89.110 C, 57,29 57.36 56.93 58.07 57.416 Mathew P G., Wahid, P A and Niar, S G 56,86 57.64 5857 57.54 57.65 C, (1995) Soi fertility and nutrient requirement in Trung binh M 56,25' 56,68th 56.89' 56,99' relation to productivity in black pepper Black Pepper LS1)„,6 C 0,54 (lipper nigrum), pp 163 - 203 LSD„„s M 0,54 7.Nguyen Van Sang, Dinh Minh Hiep, Nguyen LSD ,,,„ C•M NS Anh Dzung (2013) Study on chitosan nanoparticles CV(94) C*M 1,34 on biophysical characteristics and growth of robusta Ghi chin Car chat& kirknhau Prong c4t to coffee in green house Biocatalysis and Agricultural hang bieu thi sysai khac c-6 y nghia thong ke veil Biotechnology, 2: pp 289-294 p
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