INTRODUCTION
RATIONALE
The evolution of language is closely tied to the use of beautiful words and implied comparisons, such as likening the heart to a fruit or an arm to a bird's wing These expressions demonstrate how humans have historically utilized comparisons to enrich language The concept of comparison has likely been present since the inception of language, serving as a vital mechanism for its expansion and functionality.
Metaphor is a fascinating linguistic phenomenon that has captured the interest of numerous linguists, as it plays a crucial role in our everyday lives, influencing not only language but also our thoughts and actions Our conceptual framework is inherently metaphorical, shaping the way we perceive and interact with the world around us (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980).
"The Tale of Kieu," a renowned work by Nguyen Du, is celebrated as the pinnacle of Vietnamese literature since its release in the early 19th century This long narrative poem employs metaphor as a powerful tool to convey love, with metaphorical imagery deeply rooted in Eastern and Vietnamese cultural identity Its rich metaphors captivate both readers and scholars alike However, the translation of these metaphorical images into English raises questions about their preservation, highlighting significant differences between Michael Counsell's English version and the original Vietnamese text.
Let us consider the following extract taken from Truyện Kiều by Nguyễn Du expressing the love is a journey:
Giữa đường đứt gánh tương tư Keo loan chắp mối tơ thừa mặc em (725)
And now the vows thereof Are broken while they’re almost new;
Please use the phenonix glue
In this narrative, love is depicted as a shared journey where two individuals traverse the same path, ideally reaching the end together However, the love story of Kim Trong and Thuy Kieu illustrates a poignant failure, as they find themselves halted halfway, symbolizing an incomplete and unfulfilled romance The term "giữa đường" captures the unforeseen interruption of their relationship, highlighting the sorrow of an unfinished love where promises remain unfulfilled Additionally, the phrase "đứt gánh tương tư" signifies this incomplete affection, while Kieu’s desire for Thuy Van to marry is expressed through the metaphor of "Keo loan" (phoenix glue), emphasizing her longing amidst the heartbreak.
Kim Trong expressed her deep sympathy for her sister, who had to entrust her profound love to Thuy Van, symbolized by the "tơ thừa" or severed threads, highlighting the emotional complexity of their relationship.
Bây giờ kẻ ngược người xuôi (1973) Biết bao giờ lại nối lời nước non? (1974)
Our ways must now divide;
Who knows if we shall ever meet to keep and to repeat The vows we made by the hills and the sky?
In the verse from 1973, love is portrayed as a journey, encapsulated in the metaphor "Love is a journey." The couple, Kim Trong and Thuy Kieu, find themselves on divergent paths, symbolized by the phrase "kẻ ngược người xuôi," which highlights their opposing movements and the resulting fragmentation of their love The rhetorical question "Biết bao giờ lại nối lời nước non?" underscores the inevitability of their separation, suggesting that they will never reunite The poignant line "Đau lòng kẻ ở người đi" further emphasizes the heartache experienced by both those who remain and those who depart.
Lệ rơi thấm đá, tơ chia rũ tằm (782)
And oh! The broken hearts
Of her who went and those who stayed;
Of tears upon the paving – stones;
Such pain in flesh and bonnes Like silkworms emptied of their thread!
In the context of the story, "Người đi" refers to Kieu, while "kẻ ở" signifies Kim Trong and her family The phrase "kẻ ở người đi" poignantly illustrates the emotional separation between Kieu and Kim Trong, highlighting Kieu's deep sorrow as she bids farewell to her beloved Kim.
The article highlights Nguyen Du's humanitarian spirit through the poignant theme of family love, illustrated by the separation between Kieu and her family This separation signifies Kieu's departure, marked by an uncertain return, emphasizing the emotional depth of her sacrifice.
Truyện Kiều is a celebrated masterpiece of Vietnamese poetry that has inspired poets worldwide This work reflects centuries of social life, family dynamics, love, and the fate of Vietnamese women, remaining relevant today with its rich linguistic and rhetorical elements, such as metaphor and metonymy The diverse metaphors within Truyện Kiều, particularly in the context of love as a journey, have motivated my investigation into this profound literary work.
The metaphorical expression "love is a journey" in Nguyen Du's "Truyen Kieu" and its English equivalent by Michael Counsell offers valuable insights for readers, particularly students This research aims to deepen the understanding of this classic work by exploring the nuances of metaphor, translation, and interpretation between the original Vietnamese text and its English rendition.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study explores the role of metaphor, specifically focusing on the conceptual metaphor of love as a journey in The Tale of Kieu It examines the metaphorical expressions within the original text and their English translations, highlighting the linguistic similarities and differences between the two languages.
In order to reach the aims, there are three objectives to guide the study:
- Identifying the metaphorical expressions of the conceptual metaphor “love is a journey” in The Tale of Kieu.
- Finding out the procedures in the translation of linguistic expressions of the conceptual metaphor “Love is a journey” from the original to versional ones by Michael Counsell
To enhance the comprehension of complex texts such as the poetic masterpiece "Truyen Kieu," it is essential to explore its metaphorical expressions, which can offer valuable insights and experiences By focusing on these intricate metaphors, educators and learners can facilitate a more effective approach to teaching and learning English, ultimately enriching the translation process and fostering a deeper appreciation for the nuances of language.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research focuses on identifying metaphorical expressions of “Love is a journey” in both original version Truyen Kieu by Nguyen Du and translated English version by Micheal Counsell
The research also analyses the procedure of translation about love from original version Truyen Kieu by Nguyen Du and translated English version byMicheal Counsell.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to achieve the aims and objectives of the study, the research questions below will be addressed.
1 What are the metaphorical expressions of “Love is a journey” in TruyenKieu by Nguyen Du?
2 How are the metaphorical expressions of “Love is a journey” in TruyenKieu by Nguyen Du translated into English by Michael Counsell?
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers to one thing by mentioning another, highlighting their similarities It serves as a symbolic representation of an object, activity, or idea, enriching language by creating deeper connections and meanings.
- Metaphorical expressions of “Love is a journey” Love is metaphorically expressed as a journey, thus “Love is a journey” is a metaphorical concept and the representations of the metaphor are metaphorical expressions
The findings of this research can bring some benefits as mentioned below:
- Providing useful information for learners in using metaphoric language creatively.
The exploration of the metaphor "LOVE IS A JOURNEY" in Nguyen Du's "The Tale of Kieu" and its translation highlights both the universal nature and cultural specificity of metaphors in conveying the concept of love.
- The study could be used as a reliable reference for those who are interested in conceptual metaphors about love for further studies concerning conceptual metaphors
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Metaphor, a concept extensively studied by philologists and writers in Vietnam and globally, was first articulated by Aristotle in 1982, where it literally means "to carry elsewhere" or "to transfer." Classical theorists have since recognized metaphor as a form of poetic language that deviates from everyday meanings, with Aristotle defining it as an implicit comparison grounded in analogy (Ortony, 1979: 3) He emphasized that the primary function of metaphor is stylistic and ornamental (Katz, 1996), discussing it in his works, The Poetics and The Rhetoric Aristotle argued that metaphor is essential for enhancing philosophical arguments and for poetic expression, distinguishing between rhetoric, which aims to persuade, and poetry, which seeks to evoke emotion without persuasion He defined metaphor as applying the name of one thing to another, encompassing various forms of transfer (Aristotle, 1982, p 67–68) Following Aristotle, the interpretation of metaphor has been respected by rhetoricians in Antiquity and theologians in the Middle Ages, although they did not focus on it as intensely.
The Oxford English Dictionary defines a metaphor as a figure of speech where a name or descriptive term is applied to an object that is different yet analogous to the original context Mark Johnson, in "Philosophical Perspectives on Metaphor," highlights a cultural shift, noting that while poets once created metaphors and philosophers largely ignored them, we now live in an era of "metaphormania." He challenges traditional views that focus solely on identifying similarities in shape, function, or behavior Building on this, Max Black (1979) expanded Richard's ideas, asserting that metaphors cannot be reduced to their meanings; instead, they project one concept onto another, offering new perspectives This evolution in metaphor theory signifies a revolutionary change in our understanding of language and thought.
The Conceptual Metaphor Theory, introduced by Lakoff and Johnson in their seminal work "Metaphors We Live By" (1980), highlights the pervasive and systematic nature of metaphorical language and thought, asserting that our conceptual system is fundamentally metaphorical This influential framework has been further explored by scholars like Goatly, who discusses the metaphoric functions of language in "The Language of Metaphors" (1997), and Gibbs, who expanded upon Lakoff's ideas to include the production and understanding of novel metaphors alongside idiomatic expressions Additionally, Zoltán Kovecses' "Metaphor of Anger" (1986) provides both a general and detailed examination of conceptual metaphors, enriching the discourse surrounding this important aspect of language.
In Vietnamese liguists also have similar views such as : Ly Toan Thang
According to 2005, language knowledge encompasses both the understanding of meaning and form, fundamentally rooted in conceptual structures Semantic expression is essentially a form of conceptual expression, with syntax, morphology, and phonology also reflecting this conceptual nature The generation of sound and speech must effectively convey meaning, allowing for cognitive comprehension upon reception.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Error!
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Metaphor, derived from the ancient Greek term "metaphora," meaning transfer, has been a fundamental element in literature and poetry since ancient times It involves likening one thing to another by asserting "this is that," facilitating the translation of meaning through similarities Aristotle, in the fourth century BC, recognized metaphor as an implicit comparison grounded in analogy, emphasizing its stylistic and ornamental roles in his works, The Poetics and The Rhetoric He argued that metaphor is essential for enhancing arguments in rhetoric to persuade audiences and for enriching poetry to depict human experiences Ultimately, metaphor serves dual functions: as a persuasive tool in rhetoric and as an expressive device in poetry, with Aristotle defining it as the application of one term to another.
In taxonomy, we can assign the name of a genus to one of its species, use a species name for its genus, apply the name of one species to another within the same genus, or make a transfer based on proportional relationships.
Centuries after Aristotle, the concept of metaphor was explored by ancient rhetoricians and later by medieval theologians While they acknowledged Aristotle's interpretation of metaphor, they did not delve deeply into its significance.
In ancient times, particularly from BC to the 5th century, Cicero and Quintilian emerged as key figures in the study of metaphors They viewed metaphors as reliant on comparison, emphasizing their importance while cautioning against their misuse Both scholars acknowledged the value of metaphors in literature but warned that improper application could obscure meaning and complicate comprehension.
Cicero, like Aristotle, explored the concept of style in discourse, particularly through the use of metaphors While Aristotle valued metaphors over comparisons, Cicero regarded metaphors as borrowed words, viewing them as "a shortened form of comparison" that may either delight or be dismissed if lacking meaning He emphasized the significance of word choice, highlighting three types of words that enhance language: unusual, new, and metaphorical words Metaphors, initially a necessity, ultimately bring pleasure and enjoyment to communication Quintilian, influenced by Cicero, defined rhetoric as "good man speaking well," underscoring the importance of eloquence in effective speaking.
That is why he often uses the term rhetoric interchangeably with oratory and eloquence to indicate rhetoric There are three factors in "speaking well":
- art: knowledge of good speech;
- speaker (artist): able to rhetoric;
- work to be completed: good speaking.
Metaphors are a captivating literary device commonly found in poetry and prose, characterized by their multi-faceted nature According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (1948), a metaphor is defined as a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another, highlighting their shared qualities and enhancing the description's impact Essentially, a metaphor creates a comparison between two fundamentally different entities without using "like" or "as," allowing for a transfer of meaning based on their similarities.
“Thuyền đi để bến đợi chờ Tình đi nghĩa ở bao giờ quên nhau”
In this verse, the terms "Thuyền" and "Bến" serve as metaphors, symbolizing distinct roles in society "Thuyền" represents the man who ventures into various directions to defend the country during wartime, while "Bến" signifies the woman who remains at home, nurturing the family and patiently awaiting the man's return.
With such a nature, metaphor is obviously an important way of building new meanings and even new words Perhaps that is why Modell (1977) argued
Metaphors serve as the driving force behind poetry and literature, as noted by Quinn (1992), who remarked that metaphors give names to things in language According to I.A Richards (1966), a metaphor consists of two key components: the tenor, which represents the underlying idea or hidden subject of the comparison, and the vehicle, the metaphorical word or image that conveys the tenor These elements are intertwined based on their shared characteristics, with the tenor denoting the concept, object, or person in question, while the vehicle embodies the imagery that encapsulates the comparison Ultimately, metaphors reveal similarities and a common semantic domain between two or more distinct entities, blending imagination with reality, as illustrated in works like Truyen Kieu by Nguyen Du.
Tiện đây xin một hai điều Đài sen soi đến dấu bèo cho chăng
Say, Could a ray from you, I plead, Shine down upon this weed.
In the context of the article, "Dấu bèo" symbolizes ordinary people, reflecting Mr Kim's humility towards Ms Kieu, while "Đài sen" represents the royal and luxurious class The phrase "Đài sen soi đến dấu bèo" (Shine down upon this weed) serves as a metaphor for Mr Kim's love for Kieu, illustrating the depth of his affection and admiration for her.
In Vietnam, several linguists share similar perspectives on metaphor Do Huu Chau defines metaphor as “the naming of one object using the name of another, based on a relationship of similarity.” Nguyen Thien Giap echoes this view, emphasizing the importance of this linguistic device in understanding language and communication.
Metaphor is defined as a transformation of names based on the similarities between various objects or phenomena being compared Phan Thế Hưng offers a fresh perspective on metaphor, building on the analyses of Aristotle and subsequent linguists He argues that we do not comprehend metaphors by converting them into similes; instead, a metaphorical statement is one that encompasses classification, and thus, understanding a metaphor involves interpreting it through its classificatory nature (Hưng, 2007, p.12).
In "Metaphors We Live By," George Lakoff and Mark Johnson argue that metaphors are fundamental to our conceptual system, asserting that "our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature" (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, 3) While the cognitive theory of metaphor may seem innovative, earlier scholars recognized its cognitive dimensions, with philosophers like John Locke, Giambattista Vico, and Immanuel Kant discussing its implications A conceptual metaphor, or generative metaphor, involves understanding one idea through another, where the source domain provides the metaphorical expressions needed to interpret the target domain.
According to Kửvecses (2010), a conceptual metaphor is the process of comprehending one conceptual domain through the lens of another This relationship can be succinctly expressed as "CONCEPTUAL DOMAIN A IS CONCEPTUAL DOMAIN B." Essentially, a conceptual metaphor comprises two distinct conceptual domains, where one is interpreted based on the characteristics of the other.
In conceptual metaphors, two key domains are involved: the source domain, which provides metaphorical expressions, and the target domain, which is understood through these expressions.
Conceptual metaphors serve as a crucial mechanism for perception, extending beyond traditional views that regard them merely as rhetorical devices While traditional linguistics emphasizes metaphor as an elegant form of expression highlighting similarities between two entities, cognitive learning theory posits that metaphors are essential for thinking and understanding the world Lakoff defines conceptual metaphors as systematic mappings between two conceptual domains, where the source domain—rooted in a category of experience—is projected onto the target domain, creating a new framework for understanding.
RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
METHODOLOGY
The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches to achieve its aims and objectives, utilizing additional methods such as descriptive, analytical, and contrastive techniques.
Qualitative methods in linguistics offer valuable insights that go beyond mere numbers, helping to elucidate the various meanings expressed by speakers For language researchers, these methods are often the preferred choice, as they effectively address polysemy and value models that quantitative approaches may overlook (Silverman, 2001; Lincoln and Guba, 1985).
Quantitative methods utilize various mathematical forms, including statistics and charts, to measure the frequency and quantity of items within case studies (Rasinger, 2013) The selection of language items involves special statistical analysis within a corpus to determine their contextual suitability and occurrence rates, which aids in understanding the probability of item selection Additionally, the corpus is integral to the development of linguistic theories and presents three key advantages: authentic data, inclusion of spoken language, and the ability to study grammar quantitatively (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004) Descriptive research, as noted by Gall, Gall, & Borg (2007), aims to describe phenomena and their characteristics, often employing observational tools for data collection While qualitative data collection is common, quantitative analysis typically involves statistical methods to explore relationships Conversely, qualitative research provides a holistic understanding by gathering rich data from diverse sources, focusing on participants' perspectives This approach often employs inductive analysis to identify themes and patterns, although quantitative methods can also be applied post-analysis This study employs descriptive and analytical methods to explore the conceptual metaphor "love is a journey" in Nguyễn Du's Truyện Kiều and its translation by Michael Counsell, highlighting the descriptive nature of linguistic research.
Contrastive analysis, as outlined by Johansson and Hofland (1994), employs qualitative and descriptive methods to compare multiple languages Originally developed by Charles Fries in 1945, this analysis is crucial for foreign language teaching, as noted by Al-Khresheh (2013) It highlights the tendency of learners to transfer knowledge from their first language (L1) when acquiring a second language (L2), suggesting that educators should consider this transfer theory in their teaching approaches The most effective materials for L2 instruction are those that scientifically describe the target language while being compared to the learner's L1 This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the conceptual metaphors denoting love as a journey, identifying both linguistic similarities and differences in the two languages.
Cognitive metaphor theory, as discussed by Lakoff & Johnson (1980) and Lakoff & Turner (1989), views metaphor not merely as a linguistic expression but as a fundamental concept that shapes our understanding.
According to Andersen (2000), translating metaphors requires specialized skills, including extensive cross-cultural knowledge and an understanding of metaphor's dual role as both a psychological concept and a linguistic expression Traditional methods of metaphor translation primarily view metaphors as linguistic features, emphasizing the differences between the source and target languages This perspective has sparked numerous discussions regarding the translatability of metaphorical expressions, contributing to the advancement of various pre-script conversion programs.
Newmark (1982) identified five types of metaphors: death, cliché, existence, recent, and original, and outlined seven key translation processes These processes include: (1) reproducing the same image in the target language (TL); (2) replacing source language (SL) images with standard TL images; (3) altering the metaphor's meaning while maintaining its imagery; (4) translating metaphors or similes through a combination of simile and meaning; (5) transforming metaphors into their literal meanings; (6) deletion of the metaphor; and (7) integrating the metaphor with its meaning.
The cognitive view of metaphor differs significantly from the classical view by considering metaphor not just as a linguistic expression but as a fundamental component of the thinking process This perspective offers a more comprehensive understanding of metaphor translatability, suggesting that it is influenced by the conceptual systems of both the source and target cultures, as highlighted by Schọffner (2004) While exact metaphorical equivalents may not always be achievable in translation, the overarching conceptual metaphors can align on a macro level, with individual expressions varying at a micro level The use of the same metaphorical mappings across different cultures can result in diverse linguistic expressions, as noted by Lakoff and Johnson (1999) and Schọffner (2004) Despite its potential, the cognitive approach to metaphor translation remains underexplored in translation studies, as acknowledged by Andersen (2000) and Tirkkonen Condit (2001).
SAMPLING
A corpus of 150 samples, consisting of 75 instances in each language, will be compiled to analyze metaphorical expressions that convey the concept of love as a journey This analysis will focus on "Truyen Kieu" by Nguyen Du and its English translation by Michael Counsell, highlighting the parallels and equivalents between the two versions.
DATA COLLECTION
According to Lakoff and Johnson's definitions of conceptual metaphors related to love, linguistic expressions of love can be understood as a journey, encompassing various words, phrases, and sentences selected for analysis in this study.
DATA ANALYSIS
The research procedure encompasses several key tasks, including data collection and classification, data analysis, comparison and contrast of findings, synthesis of results, conclusion drawing, and the formulation of implications, along with suggestions for future research endeavors.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
In quantitative research, the reliability of a study is enhanced through repetitive processes and high-accuracy results, while qualitative research focuses on the accuracy of original data sources, emphasizing form and context through continuous comparison The author employs strategies to bolster reliability, including ongoing data comparison, the incorporation of comprehensive datasets that account for deviations, and the utilization of tabular data.
Validation in qualitative research refers to the appropriateness of data collection tools and procedures In this study, the author selects data tables as the data collection tool, which effectively captures metaphorical phenomena for analysis and comparison.
Data samples for this study were sourced from "Truyen Kieu," edited by Bui Ky and Tran Trong Kim (Thanh Nien Publisher, 1999), and "The Tale of Kieu" by Michael Counsell (The Gioi Publishers, 2011), to achieve comprehensive findings.
Furthermore, the researcher combines many methods and procedures supposed in a study in order to ensure validity and reliability of the study.
"The Tale of Kieu" instills confidence in the richness of the Vietnamese language and paves the way for future writers to embrace ethnic languages in literature (Nguyen Loc) Nguyen Du effectively employs metaphors to convey his ideas, enhancing the emotional depth and imaginative quality of his writing These metaphorical images serve as timeless artistic expressions that resonate deeply with readers, reflecting the poet's profound appreciation for the beauty of the human experience In addition to drawing from Chinese literature, Nguyen Du immersed himself in folk songs and the vernacular of farmers, which contributed to the creation of his distinctive poetic style.
Love is a universal conceptual metaphor that is depicted in various forms across cultures, including as a journey, a plant, a natural force, physical power, war, a bond, unity, a game, and elements like the sun, moon, fire, motion, and blindness, reflecting its multifaceted nature in both English and Vietnamese.
Our work is vital and practical, offering readers a deeper and more nuanced understanding of love as a journey in "The Tale of Kieu."
The metaphor of love as a journey reveals both similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese In both languages, this metaphor highlights the emotional and transformative aspects of love, emphasizing the idea of growth and exploration However, the specific terms and expressions used to convey this metaphor may vary, reflecting cultural nuances and perspectives on love Understanding these linguistic similarities and differences can enhance cross-cultural communication and appreciation of romantic relationships.
Table 4.1 The similarities in the conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY in
Be lost/ get lost/go astray Lạc lối/ mất phương hướng
Direction Ngã đường / Hướng đi
Way/ path/road/the land travelled Con đường / lối đi/dặm đường
End/ stop Dừng/ kết thúc
While both languages share similarities, they also present distinct challenges, particularly in the context of love In Vietnamese culture, obstacles to love arise not only from natural circumstances but also from human-induced factors, such as the impact of war, which are often overlooked in English narratives.
In a 2011 study by Assoc Prof Dr Phan Van Hoa, a detailed comparison was made between the challenges faced by lovers, illustrated through the metaphor of a JOURNEY in both English and Vietnamese The findings highlighted the similarities and differences in how these obstacles are perceived in each language, as summarized in the following table.
Table 4.2 The similarities and differences of obstacles in the conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY in English and Vietnamese
Geographical elements (rivers, mountains, passes, waterfalls,…)
Elements causes by man (war…) - +
The conceptual metaphor of LOVE IS A JOURNEY highlights the destination that two lovers aspire to reach together, revealing distinct differences in perspectives between Western and Vietnamese cultures.
In the context of love, the destination in English is merely a physical place next to a loved one In contrast, the Vietnamese perspective enriches this concept, viewing the destination as a more enchanting and beautiful experience, transcending mere proximity to encompass deeper emotional connections.
4.1 SEPARATION LOVE THROUGH METAPHOR LOVE IS A JOURNEY
Every love story begins with a shared connection, marking the start of a beautiful journey towards togetherness However, not all love journeys lead to a happy ending; some travelers may find themselves lost along the way, unable to reach their desired destination While the hope for a joyful conclusion exists, the reality is that many relationships encounter obstacles that prevent them from achieving fulfillment.
Hoa trôi bèo dạt đã đành Biết duyên mình biết phận mình thế thôi! (218)
(Will life be like my fears?
I’ll be a drifting flower, it seems,Upon the future’s streams
Kieu whispered, “but if that befall
After attending the Qing Qing festival, she had a dream where Dam Tien expressed that they were "in the same boat," implying that she too would face a similar fate of becoming a prostitute.
“Đường xa” showed Kieu’s fear when she dreamed about Dam Tien, her thought about her future “Đường xa” is like a journey is with an uncertainty, doubt about the future.
Buộc yên quảy gánh vội vàng
Mối sầu sẻ nửa bước đường chia hai (561)
(Kim quickly packed his gear, Saddled his horse, and left at speed.
The lovers, united in soul and sorrow, must now part ways, highlighting the urgency of their separation The imagery of Kim Trong saddling his horse symbolizes the immediate need to leave, as they can only exchange a few words before their farewell This moment reinforces the metaphor of love as a journey, with the horse representing the means of transport and the phrase "separate ways" illustrating the painful divide in their relationship.
Trời Liêu non nước bao xa.
Nghĩ đâu rẽ cửa chia nhà tự tôi (703) (How distant from this house He’ll have to go by hill and stream!
I’ve shattered my own dream
Kieu reflects on her feelings for Kim Trong, revealing the pain of her unfulfilled love The metaphor of "non nước bao xa" symbolizes the emotional distance that separates them, highlighting the depth of her heartache.
Giữa đường đứt gánh tương tưKeo loan chắp mối tơ thừa mặc em (725)
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
Chapter 2: LITTERATURE REVIEW AND THEORICAL BACKGROUND Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE
TIMELINE OF THE STUDY
The proposed timeline for the research is described as follows:
05/01/2020 –15/03/2020: Specifying topic of research proposal
Finish writing Reseach Proposal 17/8/2020 – 03/9/2020: Write the Introduction of the Research
20/10/2020 – 10/11/2020: Write the Methodology and Procedures part, describe the information and the process of collecting data
11/11/2020 – 05/12/2020: Begin analyzing the data and write the Discussion and Findings Part.
05/12/2020 – 2012/2020: Write the Conclusion and Implication part
05/11/2020 – 10/11/2020: Write the Referencens of the Research