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Tài liệu Kiến thức cơ bản Tiếng Anh 12 được chia sẻ nhằm cung cấp cho học sinh kiến thức ngữ pháp tổng quát, bài tập theo từng unit giúp bạn dễ dàng ôn tập, rèn luyện kỹ năng tiếng Anh để chuẩn bị thật tốt cho các kì thi sắp diễn ra. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo!
Tài liệu Kiến thức Tiếng Anh 12 Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây Lớp: 12C… Họ tên:………………………… Năm học 2021 - 2022 UNIT 1: HOME LIFE (CUỘC SỐNG GIA ĐÌNH) I VOCABULARY: annoy (v) làm phiền, làm bực attempt (n) cố gắng, nỗ lực attempt (v) cố gắng, làm, nỗ lực biologist (n) nhà sinh vật học biological (adj) thuộc sinh vật học biology (n) sinh vật học caring (adj) quan tâm, hay giúp đỡ close – knit (adj) gắn bó với come up = occur = happen (v) xảy confidence (in sth/sb) (n) tin cậy, tự tin confident (of sb/sth) (adj) tin tưởng confidently (adv) cách tự tin garbage (n) rác give a hand = help (v) giúp đỡ 10 household chore (n) việc nhà 11 join hands (v) hợp sức lại, chung tay 12 mischievous (adj) tinh nghịch, ranh mãnh mischievously (adv) tinh nghịch mischievousness (n) tính tinh nghịch 13 obedient (adj) biết lời, ngoan ngoãn obedience (n) lời obey (v) lời disobedient (adj) không lời, ngang ngược 14 play trick on somebody chơi xỏ ai, chơi khăm 15 project (n) đề án, dự án 16 responsibility (n) trách nhiệm responsible (for) (adj) có trách nhiệm irresponsible (adj) vơ trách nhiệm 17 rush (v) vội vã gấp 18 secure (adj) an toàn, chắn, tự tin security (n) an toàn, bảo đảm 19 separately (adv) cách riêng biệt separate (adj) riêng biệt 20 shift (n) ca (làm việc) 21 study pressure (n) áp lực học tập 22 supportive (adj) khích lệ, động viên support (n) ủng hộ support (v) ủng hộ 23 willing (to something) (adj) vui lòng, sẵn lịng làm II GRAMMAR REVISION OF TENSES PAST SIMPLE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) a Form: (+) S + V2/ed (+) S + was/were + O (-) S + didn’t + V (-) S + wasn’t/weren’t + O (?) Did + S + V? (?) Was/were + S + O? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động chấm dứt hẳn thời điểm hay khoảng thời gian xác định khứ Ex: She was born in 1980 - Diễn tả thói quen khứ Trong trường hợp khứ đơn mang nghĩa used to Ex: I always got up at six in those days (= used to get) - Diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy khứ Ex: Yesterday morning, I got up at o’clock First I did some jogging Next I took a bath, had breakfast and then went to school c Recognition: - last week/ month/ year/… - yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/… Notes: “ED” pronunciation /ɪd/; /t/; /d/ /t/ Âm cuối /f/ /k/ /p/ /s/ /tʃ/ /ʃ/ /d/ Âm cuối /b/ /g/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /ɪd/ Âm cuối /t/ /d/ /r/ /v/ /z/ /dʒ/ nguyên âm Ex: watched, coughed, talked, Ex: entered, robbed, typed, brushed managed, agreed, caused, Ex: waited, added arrived PAST PROGRESSIVE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) a Form: (+) S + was / were + V-ing (-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + V-ing (?) Was/ were + S + V-ing? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: - A What were you doing at o’clock last night? B I was driving home from work - Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ bị hành động khác cắt ngang Ex: - I met her when / while we were working for the same company - Diễn tả hai hành động tiếp diễn song song xảy lúc khứ Ex: - I was listening to music while my parents were watching TV last night * Note: Với cách dùng while thường đứng câu c Recognition: at that time, at a.m yesterday… PRESENT PERFECT (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH) a Form: (+) S + have/ has + V3/ed (-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3/ed (?) Have/ Has + S + V3/ed? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ tiếp diễn đến Với ý nghĩa hồn thành dùng với since for Ex: - Mr Brown has taught maths in this school for five years - The child has been ill since yesterday * Note: since + mốc thời gian for + khoảng thời gian - Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ không xác định thời gian Ex: - Mr Clark has travelled around the world - Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ Ex: - We have seen this play several times - Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước hành động khác tương lai Ex: - The young scientist declares that he has completed the experiment successfully c Recognition: - ever, never, before, already, lately, recently, yet, just… - so far, up to now = until now = up to the present, since, for… - This is the first (second/ third ) time III EXERCISES I Choose the word whose main stress is put on a different syllable from that of the others in the group: A obedient B confidence C mischievous D reference A close-knit B supportive C biologist D generally II Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in the group: A safe B staff C base D bass A discussion B revision C attention D admission A served B hoped C liked D coughed III Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence: I don’t have my own room I have to the bedroom with my elder brother A divide B share C separate D live “Have you been abroad recently?” “I last abroad in 2004” A go B went C have gone D was going Five dollars _ all that he had when he first arrived in this city A have been B has been C were D was She the piano when she was a child A played B was playing C has played D had played 10 Someone my bike! Now I’ll have to walk home A steals B stolen C has stolen D had stolen 11 As soon as Debbie got out of bed, she opened the window and _ in fresh air A breathes B breathed C was breathing D has breathed 12 In the middle of the night, I _ on the sofa when someone at the door A had slept – was knocking B was sleeping – knocked C slept – was knocking D was sleeping – had knocked 13 I wish Maureen worked as hard as Theresa _ A does B can C will D did 14 I haven’t had a Chinese meal A since ages B for 2002 C since two years D for years 15 Many people are ready to to improve health care around the world A gather heads B consider legs C open hearts D join hands 16 They closed the road in an to reduce traffic in the city A attempt B advance C effort D ability 17 I am a lot of study pressure because I am now in my final year at the secondary school A above B with C under D on 18 My mother need someone dependable to _ the children while she is at work A look up B look after C look into D look on 19 Because they are a and supportive of one another, they often share their feelings and whenever problems come up, they discuss them frankly and quickly find solutions A close-knit B close-founded C close-worn D close-made 20 Daisy: “What a lovely house you have!” – Mary: “ .” A Lovely I think so B Thank you Hope you will drop in C Of course not It’s not costly D No problem IV Read the passage below and choose one correct answer for each question: NUCLEAR FAMILY The traditional definition of a nuclear family is a family unit that includes two married parents of opposite genders and their biological or adopted children living in the same residence However, the term “nuclear family” can mean several different things in today’s society Understanding the classic roles in this type of family and how it is defined can help you understand the relationships in your own family, whether it’s nuclear or not According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the term “nuclear family” was first used in 1947, but the concept of a family that consists of just parents and children is much older This basic unit of a family’s structure has existed for millennia, but it wasn’t until the 1960s and 1970s that the nuclear family became the majority situation At that time, industrial economic booms and rising wages made it possible for young parents to afford their own homes without living with extended family members At the same time, better healthcare contributed to the nuclear family, as elderly members became more self-sufficient and independent for decades after their children were grown Today, the era of the nuclear family is often glamorized, complete with mom in the kitchen, dad out earning the paychecks, and the kids building a tree house or hosting a stuffed animal tea party In reality, there is no ideal type of family, and today’s definition of a nuclear family can greatly differ from that it was a few decades ago 21 Nuclear family is A a family that includes not only parents and children but also other relatives B a family that includes only the father, mother, and children C a family that includes a person’s parents, spouse, children and siblings D a family that includes children from a previous marriage of the wife, husband, or both parents 22 When was the term “nuclear family” officially used? A in 1947 B in 1960 C in 1970 D until the 19601970 23 The word “millennia” in paragraph means A 200 years B 500 years C about 10000 years D about 1000 years 24 According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true? A The children should take care of their elderly members after they are grown B The nuclear family didn’t become the majority situation until the 1960s and 1970s C Understanding the roles in nuclear family helps you understand the relationships in your family D Young parents afford their own homes because of industrial economic booms and rising wages 25 The word “glamorized” in paragraph mostly means A unexpected B disclaimed C desirable D admirable V Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected 26 All of the homework given (A) by our teachers are (B) useful to (C) every student (D) 27 When Helen was (A) a child, she has worked (B) in a factory for (C) more than (D) three years 28 The tourist guide only has (A) a twenty-dollar bill (B) with her when (C) she landed at (D) the airport 29 After Mrs Wang had returned (A) to her house (B) from work (C), she was cooking (D) dinner 30 Elizabeth has resigned (A) as (B) queen (C) of England from (D) 1558 to 1603 VI Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space in the following passage To many people, their friends are the most important in their life really good friends always (31) joys and sorrows with you and never turn their backs on you Your best friend may be someone you have known all your life or someone you have grown (32) with There are all sorts of things that can (33) about this special relationship It may be the result of enjoying the same activities and sharing experiences Most of us have met someone that we have immediately felt relaxed with as if we had known them for ages However, it really takes you years to get to know someone well (34) to consider your best friend To the majority of us, this is someone we trust completely and _ (35) understands us better than anyone else It’s the person you can tell him or her your most intimate secrets 31 A have B share C give D spend 32 A up B through C on D in 33 A provide B bring C cause D result 34 A such B too C enough D so 35 A whose B whom C which D who VII Word form: Despression is both _ and psychological (biology) Protecting the environment is every man’s _ (responsible) With careful training, a dog will its master completely (obedient) He looked for a chance to embarrass his sister (mischievous) in yourself is the first step on the road to success (confident) VIII Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it I have never seen such a beautiful building It’s I have never read such a romantic story This is _ They had never had such a cold winter It was You will never meet anyone more dangerous than Mrs Jones Mrs Jones is _ Man has never had such efficient servants as computers Computers are I haven’t played football since 2000 The last time _ I haven’t been to Ho Chi Minh city for years The last time _ I’ve never met such a famous person before It’s _ She hasn’t seen that boy here before It’s _ 10 She hasn’t written to us since last year The last time _ 11 She started to learn English years ago It’s _ 12 He hasn’t laughed so much for ages It’s _ 13 I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years It’s _ 14 The telephone rang for hours It’s _ 15 I haven’t seen him for ages It’s _ UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY (ĐA DẠNG VĂN HÓA) I VOCABULARY attractiveness attract attractive attractively be supposed to sth suppose bride conduct confide confide something to somebody confide in somebody confidence have confidence in someone contractual contract contract diversity diversify diverse determine equal equal equal equality equalize equally 10 groom = bridegroom 11 key 12 maintain (n) (v) (adj) (adv) (idiom) (v) (n) (v) (v) (v) (v) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adv) (n) (adj) (v) hấp dẫn, quyến rũ thu hút, hấp dẫn hấp dẫn, quyến rũ cách hấp dẫn lẽ phải làm cho là, tin rằng, nghĩ dâu thực tâm kể (một bí mật) cho nghe giãi bày tâm với tin tưởng, giãi tâm tin tưởng theo hợp đồng ký hợp đồng, đính ước hợp đồng, khế ước tính đa dạng đa dạng hố thay đổi khác xác định, định rõ ngang, người ngang hàng bằng, ngang, sánh kịp bình đẳng bình đẳng hoá, làm nhau rể then chốt, chủ yếu trì maintenance 13 majority minority 14 marriage marry married 15 oblige obligation 16 on the other hand 17 particularly particular 18 partnership partner 19 physical physically 20 precede precedence 21 reject rejection 22 response respond to sb/sth 23 romantic romance 24 sacrifice sacrifice sacrificial 25 significantly significant significance signify 26 survey survey 27 traditionally tradition traditional 28 trust trust trustful 29 value valuable invaluable 30 wise wisdom wisely unwise (n) (n) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (v) (n) (adv) (adv) (adj) (n) (n) (adj) (adv) (v) (n) (v) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (adv) (adj) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adv) (n) (adj) (n) (v) (adj) (n) (adj) (adj) (adj) (n) (adv) (adj) trì, bảo trì phần lớn, đa số thiểu số kết hơn, nhân kết hơn, cưới có gia đình bắt buộc nghĩa vụ, bổn phận, bắt buộc mặt khác, trái lại đặc biệt đặc thù mối quan hệ, mối tương quan vợ chồng thuộc thể thể, vật lý đến trước, xảy trước quyền trước, quyền ưu tiên bác bỏ, loại bỏ bác bỏ, khước từ trả lời, câu trả lời đáp lại lãng mạn lãng mạn, chuyện tình hy sinh hy sinh, vật hy sinh hy sinh quan trọng, đáng ý quan trọng, có ý nghĩa quan trọng, ý nghĩa có nghĩa, biểu thị khảo sát, điều tra khảo sát, điều tra theo truyền thống truyền thống cổ truyền tín nhiệm, lịng tin tin cậy, tín nhiệm đáng tin giá trị có giá trị vơ giá khơn ngoan, sáng suốt khôn ngoan, sáng suốt cách khôn ngoan không khôn ngoan II GRAMMAR REVISION OF TENSES PRESENT SIMPLE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) a Form: (+) S (plu.) + V + O (+) S + am/is/are + O S (sing.) + Vs/es + O (-) S + am/is/are + not + O (-) S (plu.) + don’t + V + O (?) Am/Is/Are + S + O? S (sing.) + doesn’t + V + O (?) Do + S (plu.) + V + O? Does + S (sing.) + V + O? b Use: - Diễn tả thật hiển nhiên hay kiện luôn Ex: - The sun rises in the East and sinks in the West - I work in an office and live in a flat - Diễn tả thói quen hay hoạt động hàng ngày Trạng ngữ tần suất thường dùng với cách dùng Ex: - I usually go to school by bicycle - Thì đơn cịn dùng để tóm tắt kiện văn kể, hay kiện lịch sử Ex: - In Chapter 1, Susan meets David, and agrees to go to the dance school with him c Recognition: Adverbs of frequency: always, frequently, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, hardly, never S + (be) + Adv of frequency + V Note: “S” PRONUNCIATION /S/ /Z/ /IZ/ /s/ /z/ Âm cuối /f/ /k/ /p/ /t/ /θ/ Âm cuối /b/ /d/ /g/ /l/ /m/ /ɪz/ Âm cuối /s/ /z/ /tʃ/ /ʃ/ /dʒ/ /n/ /r/ /v/ /ð/ /ŋ/ nguyên âm Ex: laughs, cloths, hopes Ex: hugs, comes, goes, Ex: matches, judges, pushes enjoys, clothes, covers PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ( THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) a Form: (+) S + am/is/are + V-ing (-) S + am/is/are + not + V-ing (?) Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động xảy vào thời điểm nói Ex: - Please don’t make so much noise I’m studying - Nói việc diễn khoảng thời gian tại, không thiết xác lúc nói Hãy xem số tình sau: Ex: Mike and Jane are talking and drinking in a café Mike says: “I’m reading an interesting book at the moment I’ll lend it to you when I’ve finished it.” - Diễn tả hành động tương lai gần đặt trước Ex: - I am meeting Tom for lunch tomorrow - Chúng ta dùng tiếp diễn nói khoảng thời gian bao gồm Ví dụ today, this season, this year Ex: - Tom isn’t playing football this season He wants to concentrate on his studies - Chúng ta dùng tiếp diễn nói tình thay đổi Ex: - The population of the world is rising very fast - Trạng từ “always: dùng tiếp diễn muốn diễn tả bực mình, khơng hợp lý theo ý người nói Ex: - I’m always making this mistake (tơi mắc lỗi lầm bực mình) c Recognition: now, right now, at the moment, at this time, Look! , Listen! … * Lưu ý: Những động từ trạng thái hoạt động nhận thức, tri giác, tình cảm khơng dùng tiếp diễn, mà dùng đơn cho dù hoạt động nhận thức, tri giác, tình cảm diễn vào thời điểm nói Đó động từ: see (thấy), hear (nghe thấy), taste (có vị), feel (cảm thấy), smell (toả mùi), love (yêu), like (thích), hate (ghét), know (biết), want (muốn), need (cần), think (cho rằng, nghĩ rằng), look (có vẻ), appear (có vẻ, hình như), remember (nhớ), belong to (thuộc về), contain (chứa đựng) Trong tiếng Việt ta nói: “Bạn cảm thấy / sao?” “Bạn muốn gì?” tiếng Anh ta nói: + How you feel? - I feel thirsty + What you want? - I want some water THE PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) a Form: (+) S + have/has + been + V-ing (-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing (?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing? b Use: - Dùng diễn tả hành động diễn liên tục vừa chấm dứt, kết có liên quan đến Ex: “You look hot” “Yes I’ve been running” - Diễn tả hành động kéo dài liên tục lúc nói Trong cách nói này, ta dùng thời gian với “for” “since”, câu hỏi “how long” Ex: Carol has been talking on the phone for two hours PAST PERFECT (THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH) a Form: (+) S + had + V3/ed (-) S + hadn’t + V3/ed (?) Had + S + V3/ed? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước hành động khác khứ Ex: - Jane had gone home when I phoned her at the office - Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước khoảng thời gian khứ Ex: - The secretary had typed 10 letters before the lunchtime yesterday c Recognition: Before, after, by the time, when, as soon as, by the age of… THE PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) a Form: 10 You’re too young to stop working (give) They’ll have to postpone the game (put) 10 If you don’t know the number, you can find it in the phone book (look) UNIT 15: WOMEN IN SOCIETY I VOCABULARY advocate (v) tán thành Age of Enlightenment (n) thời đại Khai Sáng argue (v) tranh luận (n) tranh luận, lập luận (n) tảng, sở basic (adj) basically (adv) cách (n) lịng tin, tín ngưỡng believe (v) tin believable (adj) đáng tin, tin unbelievable (adj) tin childbearing (n) việc sinh civilization (n) văn minh (v) khai sáng, cải thiện deep-seated (adj) ăn sâu, lâu đời discriminate (v) phân biệt đối xử discrimination (n) phân biệt đối xử discriminatory (adj) phân biệt đối xử với / (v/n) nghi ngờ, nghi ngờ doubtful (adj) đáng ngờ doubtfully (adv) đáng ngờ doubtless (adj) khơng cịn nghi ngờ, chắn doubtlessly (adv) chắn (v) phủ nhận (n) lời phủ nhận, từ chối (v) thiết lập, củng cố establishment (n) thiết lập established (adj) có uy tín argument basis belief civilize 10 doubt 11 deny denial 12 establish 91 nữ giới 13 female (n /adj) 14 intellectual (adj) thuộc trí tuệ, thơng thái 15 involvement (n) dính líu involve (v) dính líu, liên quan involved (adj) có liên quan 16 male (n/adj) nam giới 17 philosopher (n) triết gia (n) triết học 18 pioneer (n) người tiên phong 19 politics (n) trị political (adj) trị politically (adv) mặt trị politician (n) trị gia (n) quyền lực, sức mạnh (adj) mạnh mẽ, đầy quyền lực 21 right (n) quyền lợi 22 role (n) vai trò 23 significant (adj) quan trọng, có ý nghĩa significance (n) ý nghĩa, quan trọng significantly (adv) đáng kể, có ý nghĩa 24 status (n) địa vị, tình trạng 25 suited for (adj) phù hợp, thích hợp 26 thinker (n) nhà tư tưởng 27 throughout (prep) khắp nơi, suốt 28 vary (v) thay đổi various (adj) khác variety (n) đa dạng (v) bầu, bỏ phiếu (n) cử tri (adj) lan rộng, phổ biến philosophy 20 power powerful 29 vote voter 30 widespread II GRAMMAR PHRASAL VERBS ( part ) Account for = explain (giải thích) Blow up = destroy sth with an explosion (làm nổ) Break down = lose control of one’s emotion (suy sụp tinh thần) Burst into = begin suddenly (òa lên, bùng lên) 92 Catch on (to sth) = understand sth (hiểu điều gì) Do without = manage without sb (xoay sở mà khơng cần có ai) Drop off = fall into a light sleep (ngủ thiếp đi) Get on = get into a bus, a train, a plane, a ship (lên xe, tàu, máy bay ….) Get off = leave a bus, a train, a plane, a ship (xuống xe, tàu, máy bay ….) Get through = be successful in an exam (thi đậu) Get up = leave your bed and start the day (thức dậy) Go ahead = proceed, what you want to (tiến lên, theo đuổi) Go away = leave a place Go down = decrease or get smaller (giảm xuống) Go up = rise (tăng lên) Laugh at = make fun of; ridicule (cười nhạo) Look down on = think that one í better than sb (coi thường) Make out = manage to see sb/sth or read or hear sth; distinguish (hiểu, giải thích, tìm manh mối; phân biệt, nhận ra) Make up for = compensate for (bồi thường) Name after = give a baby the name of sb else (đặt tên theo ai) Pass away = die Put off = postpone (hoãn lại) Take in = (1) fool, deceive (đánh lừa) = (2) understand everything (hiểu rõ) Take up = start a job or a hobby (bắt đầu công việc sở thích) Throw away = get rid of sth that you no longer want (vứt bỏ) Turn on = start an electrical device working Turn off = stop an electrical device working Wash up = wash the dishes and cutlery (rửa chén bát) Wear sb out = make sb exhausted (làm mệt nhoài) Work out = think about a problem and find the anwer III EXERCISE Choose the best answer to complete these sentences: Mrs Pike is a feminist, who that women should be offered the same job opportunities as men A varies B advocates C leads D votes It is against the law to on the basis of sex, age, marital status, or race 93 A suit B discriminate C believe D gain The Prime Minister is to consider changes to sexually laws to enforce equal opportunities A discriminate B discrimination C discriminatory D discriminated In former days, women were considered not to be suitable for becoming a A politics B political C politically D politician Childbearing is the women's most wonderful role A Giving birth to a baby B Having no child C Bring up a child D Educating a child A problem, feeling, or belief is difficult to change because its causes have been there for a long time A deep-seated B significant C dependent D intellectual is the study or creation of theories about basic things such as the nature of existence, knowledge, and thought, or about how people should live A Politics B Physics C Business D Philosophy When a women works outside the home and makes money herself, she is independent from her husband A financially B politically C philosophically D variously In some most Asian countries women are undervalued and they never have the same as men A formality B basis C limit D status 10 Women's status in different countries and it depends on the cultural beliefs A varies B employs C fixes D establishes 11 Women's contribution to our society has been better these days A differently B naturally C intellectually D significantly 12 In some communities a husband's over his wife is absolute A power B powerful C powerfully D powered 13 People used to consider women to be better _ for childbearing and homemaking A regarded B suited C understood D kept 14 Please the light, it’s getting dark here A turn on B turn off C turn over D turn into Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently A dish B pretty C decided D bill A wear B peach C team D niece A fan B fall C tax D crash A lorry B cost C watch D owe A fine B buy C weight D height Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from that of the others 94 A history A advocate A position A philosopher B natural B consider B family B discriminate C pioneer C cultural C century C individual D business D period D politics D significant WORD FORM Sex has always been a controversial issue for centuries (DISCRIMINATE) The _ impact of racial discrimination caused lots of damage to the black (WIDE) Art is one way to promote one’s (BELIEVE) There is no that there will never exist complete equality between men and women (DENY) To preserve that , it was necessary to preserve the people that had created it (CIVIL) In former days, women were considered not to be suitable for becoming a _ (POLITICAL) In some communities a husband's _ over his wife is absolute (POWERFUL) READING: Choose the best answer to complete the blanks Years ago, in their private family role, women quite often dominate the male members of the household Women were quite (1) _ to their families However, the public role of women has changed (2) _ since the beginning of World War II During the war, men were away from home to the battle As a (3) , women were in complete control of the home They found themselves doing double and sometmes triple (4) _ They began to take over the work of their absent husbands and to work outside They accounted for 73% of the industrial labor force Women were forced by economic realities to work in the factories The women who worked there were (5) _ low wages, lived in crowded and small dormitories (6) _, they found themselves a place as active members of society Women, although they were ruthlessly exploited, became the key to the country's success The feminist movement seems to have been (7) _ important part in the demands (8) _ women Equal Rights The movement tends to have a way of changing men and women and their roles in society It often redefines the role of women in society Inventions, too, bring progress in society as (9) _ as to the individual's life In the late nineteenth century the invention of the typewriter gave women a new skill and a job outside the home The Suffragettes in the turn of the century has become a (10) _ for most women to be engaged in equality Question 1: A fascinated B worried C dedicated D interested Question 2: A unfortunately B approximately C nearly D dramatically Question 3: A change B result C success D opportunity Question 4: A duty B job C requirement D career Question 5: A made B paid C created D delivered Question 6: A Because B Therefore C However D So Question 7: A a B an C the D Ø Question 8: A for B in C with D against 95 Question 9: A much B long C soon D well Question 10: A present B souvenir C symbol D role Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions Today, more and more women are actively participating in social activities both in urban and rural areas Specifically, they have shined brightly in even many fields commonly regarded as the man's areas such as business, scientific research and social management In some areas, women even show more overwhelming power than men The image of contemporary Vietnamese women with creativeness, dynamism, success has become popular in Vietnam's society The fact reveals that the gender gap has been remarkably narrowed and women enjoy many more opportunities to pursue their social careers and obtain success, contributing to national socioeconomic development According to Ms Le Thi Quy, Director of the Gender/and Development Research Centre under the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University, gender equity in Vietnam has reached a high level over the past decade The rate of Vietnamese women becoming National Assembly members from the 9th term to the 11th term increased 8.7%, bringing the proportion of Vietnamese women in authority to 27.3%, the highest rate in Southeast Asia There is no big gap in the level of literacy and schooling between men and women Women account for about 37% of university and college graduates, 19.9% of doctoral degree holders and 6.7% of professors and associate professors The legitimate rights of women and children are ensured more than ever before with more complete legal documents including laws, conventions and national action plans, among which the laws on "gender equity" mark a turning-point in the empowerment of women Mass media also highlights the continued success of women in every field and honors their great importance in modern society, helping to away with outdated perceptions about traditional women's duties Many projects on reproductive health care, children protection, and family income improvement jointly conducted by various mass organizations, state agencies and non-governmental organizations have created favorable conditions for women to become involved The text is about ……………………… A the changes in the status of Vietnamese women B the Vietnamese women's liberation C the Vietnamese sex discrimination D the discrimination that Vietnamese women have to face Which adjective is not used to describe Vietnamese women? A successful B creative C narrow D dynamic According to the data in the text, ……………… A Vietnamese women not take part in authority B the level of literacy and schooling between men and women in Vietnam is the same C there are more women in authority in Vietnam than those in any other countries in Southeast Asia D there are no female professors in Vietnam Vietnamese women ………………… A have few opportunities to develop their intellectual ability B have only shined brightly in doing housework C cannot any scientific research D are ensured their rights with laws, conventions and national action plans Which is not mentioned in the text as a project to create condition for Vietnamese women? A Traditional women's duties B Reproductive health care C Children protection D Family income improvement Rewrite these sentences: 96 The meeting has been postponed until next Monday (put) ……………………………………………………………… I really respect my teacher (look) ……………………………………………………………… Do you have a good relationshipwith your in-laws? (get) …………………………………………………………… Barry has recovered from his illness now (get) ……………………………………………………………… My father stopped smoking months ago (give) …………………………………………………………… I’ll come back in a minute I just want to test my new dryer (try) …………………………………………………………………… I couldn't understand what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent (make) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Mrs Jones's husband died fast Friday We are all shocked by the news (pass) …………………………………………………………………………………… UNIT 16: THE ASOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS I VOCABULARY (v) thúc đẩy, tăng tốc (n) tăng tốc according to (prep) theo, y theo account for (v) giải thích, chiếm số lượng admit (v) nhận vào, thừa nhận admittance (n) quyền phép vào admission (n) nhận vào (trường,bệnh viện…) admittedly (adv) phải thừa nhận là, thú thật area (n) diện tích association (n) hiệp hội, liên kết (v) liên kết, hòa nhập (adj) đa dạng diversify (v) làm đa dạng diversity (n) đa dạng enterprise (n) doanh nghiệp estimate (v) ước tính (n) ước tính accelerate accelebration associate diverse estimate 97 10 finance (n) tài financial (adj) tài financially (adv) tài (n) lâm nghiệp forest (n) rừng deforestation (n) nạn phá rừng 12 forge (v) tạo dựng, giả mạo 13 found (v) thành lập, sáng lập foundation (n) thành lập founder (n) người sáng lập 11 forestry 14 gross domestic product (GDP) tổng sản phẩm quốc nội 15 growth (n) tăng trưởng 16 integration (n) hòa nhập (v) hịa nhập 17 justice (n) cơng 18 original (adj) origin (n) nguồn gốc originality (n) sáng tạo originally (adv) trước hết, đầu originate (v) bắt nguồn từ, xuất phát integrate ý đến 19 pay attention to 20 population (n) dân số 21 rate (n) tỉ lệ 22 realization (n) nhận thức, thành tựu (v) nhận thức, thành đạt 23 record (v) ghi chép, ghi âm 24 relationship (n) mối quan hệ 25 respect (n) kính trọng respectable (adj) đáng kính respectably (adv) đàng hồng, đứng đắn respectful (adj) lễ phép, kính cẩn respectfully (adv) lễ phép, kính cẩn 26 series (n) loạt, chuỗi 27 socio – economic (adj) kinh tế xã hội 28 stability (n) ổn định (adj) ổn định realize stable 98 (n) số liệu thống kê statistical (adj) thống kê statistically (adv) thống kê statistician (n) nhà thống kê 30 transportation (n) việc vận chuyển transport (v) vận chuyển transport (n) việc vận chuyển, phương tiện vận chuyển 29 statistics II GRAMMAR ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME (MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian mệnh đề bắt đầu liên từ thời gian như: when (khi, vào lúc), while, as (trong khi), until, till (cho đến khi), as soon as, once (ngay khi), before, by the time (trước khi), after (sau khi), as long as , so long as (chừng mà), since (từ khi) Lưu ý: Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian đứng đầu cuối câu Nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian đứng đầu câu ngăn cách với mệnh đề dấu phẩy Cách dùng mệnh đề thời gian: MAIN CLAUSE: TIME-CLAUSE: Present simple Present simple / present progressive / present perfect 1: I normally stay at home when it rains Cả mệnh đề dùng đơn để thói quen 2: He usually sings aloud while he is having a bath Mệnh đề thời gian dùng với tiếp diễn để tính liên tục hành động 3: He only goes out for a walk after he has had dinner Mệnh đề thời gian dùng với hồn thành để nhấn mạnh hoàn tất hành động 99 MAIN CLAUSE: TIME-CLAUSE: Future tenses Present simple / present perfect Mệnh đề chính: tương lai đơn We will go until you finish work We will go until you have finished work Mệnh đề thời gian: dung đơn hồn thành Mệnh đề chính: tương The film will have already begun by the time we get to the lai hoàn thành để việc hoàn thành trước cinema việc khác tương lai Mệnh đề thời gian: thường dùng với đơn MAIN CLAUSE: TIME-CLAUSE: Past simple / past progressive / past perfect Past simple / past progressive / past perfect Cả hai mệnh đề dùng q khứ đơn để thói quen khứ I usually felt cold when I was afraid Cả hai mệnh đề dùng khứ đơn để thói quen khứ When I arrived, Anne made a cup of tea The sun was shining when we arrived there Mệnh đề chính: q khứ tiếp diễn, để nói điều xảy việc khác làm gián đoạn My wife was cooking while I was looking the baby Cả hai mệnh đề dùng khứ tiếp diễn, để hai hành động đồng thời diễn khoảng thời gian Before I arrived, Anne had made some biscuits Mệnh đề chính: q khứ hồn thành để nói hành động hồn 100 thành trước hành động khác khứ Lưu ý: Trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian với ý nghĩa tương lai không dùng tương lai đơn (will) be going to mà dùng đơn (simple present) hoàn (present perfect) muốn nhấn mạnh đến hoàn thành hành động trước hành động khác xảy Chú ý: a/ Cấu trúc: It is + time + since + Subject + past simple Ex: It is ages since I enjoyed myself so much b/ Cấu trúc: no sooner …… than hardly ……… when… Dùng q khứ hồn thành mệnh đề chính, q khứ đơn với mệnh đề ” no sooner …… than hardly ……… when…” Ex: I had hardly turned on my computer when there was a power cut III EXERCISE Choose the best answer to complete these sentences: In economics, a country's _ is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year, not including its income from investments in other countries a free trade area b association c gross domestic product d economic cooperation One of ASEAN's objectives is to help people think about peace and _ and something about it a origin b justice c statistics d record The motivations for the birth of ASEAN were the desire for a _ environment a stable b stability c stably d stabilize ASEAN is an organization on the Southeast Asian region that aims to _ economic growth, social progress, and cultural development a account b include c accelerate d respect The Association of Southeast Asia which consists of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia was _ on August 8, 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand a found b founded c invented d discovered c various d respected Southeast Asia is a region of diverse cultures a same b adopted ASEAN has emphasized cooperation in the "three pillars" of security, socio cultural and economic _ in the region a organization b production c integration 101 d establishment ASEAN has planned equitable economic development and reduced poverty and _ disparities in year 2020 a socio-politic b socio-cultural c socio-linguistic d socio-economic The Governments of ASEAN have paid special attention _ trade a to b on c for d with 10 2007 was the 40th anniversary of the _ of ASEAN a found b founder c foundation d founding 11 Vietnam asked for _ to ASEAN in 1995 a admit b admission c admissive d admissible 12 The local authority must face the _ that they not have enough conditions to develop economy a trade b statistics c encouragement d realization 13 After Jessica _ her agree, she intends to work in her father's company a will finish b will have finished c finishes d is finishing 14 It seems that whenever I travel abroad I _ to take something need a forgot b am forgetting c forget d had forgotten 15 When I see the doctor this afternoon, I _ him to look at my throat a will ask b asked c will have asked d ask 16 I _ all of the questions correctly since I began this grammar exercise on verb tenses a am answering b answer c have answered d answered c will be coming d came c had got d get 17 I will call you before I over a come b will come 18 After she graduates, she a job a got b will get 19 When I _ him tomorrow, I will ask him a saw b have seen c will see d see 20 As soon as it _ raining, we will leave a stops b stop c had stopped d stopped 21 By the time Bill to bed tomorrow, he will have had a full day and will be ready for sleep a had gone b will go c goes d went 22 When they in the garden, the phone a worked/was ringing b worked/rang c were working/rang d work/rings 23 Father his pipe while mother a magazine a smoked/read b was smoking/was reading c had smoked/read d smoking/reading 24 He _ his house before he moved to France a had sold b has sold c Sold 102 d was selling 25 As soon as I finish my report, I will call you and we out for dinner a went b will go c will have gone d go c will have seen d saw 26 Whenever I her, I say hello a see b will see 27 By the time I return to my country, I _ away from home for more than three years a.would be b will have been c will be d am 28 After he _ breakfast tomorrow, he will get ready to go to work a.will have had b has c will be having d have 29.As soon as he finishes dinner, he _ the children for a work to a nearby playground a.will take b takes c will be taking d took 30 When Bill gets home, his children _ in the yard a.played b will play c will be playing d play 31 He will work at his desk until he to another meeting in the middle of the afternoon a.went b go c will go d goes c had finished d finishing 32 She lunch by the time we arrived a.finished b has finished 33 Bob will come soon When Bob _, we will see him a come b will come c will be coming d comes Identify the underlined part that needs correction: When (A) it raining,(B) I usually go (C) to school by bus.(D) I (A) learned a lot of Japanese (B) while (C) I am (D) in Tokyo I have not been (A) well (B) since I return (C) home.(D) I’ll (A) stay here (B) until (C) will you (D) get back When Sam was in New York,(A) he (B) stays (C) with his cousins.(D) Last night,(A) I had gone (B) to bed after (C) I had finished my homework.(D) I will call (A) you (B) before (C) I will come (D) over By the time I left (A) my apartment this morning, (B) someone (C) looked for (D) me Whenever (A) Mark will be (B) angry, his nose gets (C) red.(D) 10 I had fried (A) chicken when (B) I am (C) at the restaurant.(D) Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently A wear B waste C one D written A lazy B revision C lose D cosy A failed B worked C looked D passed A chemist B school C chef D mechanic A peach B team C speed D break READING 103 Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions On August 1967, five leaders - the Foreign Ministers of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand- sat down together in the main hall of the Department of Foreign Affairs building in Bangkok, Thailand and signed a document By virtue of that document, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was born The five Foreign Ministers who signed it have been considered as the founders of probably the most successful intergovernmental organization in the developing world today The document that they signed would be known as the ASEAN Declaration It is a short, simply-worded document containing just five articles It declares the establishment of an Association for Regional Cooperation among the Countries of Southeast Asia to be known as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and spells out the aims and purposes of that Association These aims and purposes are about the cooperation in economy, society, culture, techniques, education and other fields, and in the promotion of regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the principles of the United Nations Charter It stipulates that the Association will be open for participation by all States in the Southeast Asian region subscribing to its aims, principles and purposes It proclaims ASEAN as representing the collective will of the nations of Southeast Asia to bind themselves together in friendship and cooperation and, through joint efforts and sacrifices, secure for their peoples and for posterity the blessings of peace, freedom and prosperity The goal of ASEAN, then, is to create, not to destroy The original ASEAN logo presented five brown sheaves of rice stalks, one for each founding member Beneath the sheaves is the legend "ASEAN" in blue These are set on a field of yellow encircled by a blue border Brown stands for strength and stability, yellow for prosperity and blue for the spirit of cordiality in which ASEAN affairs are conducted When ASEAN celebrated its 30th Anniversary in 1997, the sheaves on the logo had increased to ten -representing all ten countries of Southeast Asia and reflecting the colors of the flags of all of them In a very real sense, ASEAN and Southeast Asia will be one and the same, just as the founders had envisioned The Association of Southeast Asian Nations ………………… A consists of some Western nations B was established by the Philippines C was founded on August 1967 D was established by the Minister of the Department of Foreign Affairs of Thailand The pronoun it in the first paragraph refers to ……………… A the Association of Southeast Asian Nations B the most successful inter-governmental organization C Bangkok D the ASEAN Declaration Which adjective can be used to describe the Association of Southeast Asian Nations? A successful B illegal C nongovernmental D developing Which does not belong to the purpose and aim of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations? A friendship B destruction C creation D cooperation Up to 1997 how many countries there have been in ASEAN? A B C D 10 WORD FORM The main goal of the association is to promote peace and in the region and all over the world (STABLE) _ , there were five countries founding the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ORIGIN) 104 She was the only visitor _ into the sick room (ADMISSION) They have agreed to provide assistance for countryside schools (FINANCE) Rewrite these sentences: The other passengers will get on the bus soon Then we will leave (as soon as) -2 I turned off the lights After that, I left the room (before) -3 Susan sometimes feels nervous Then she chews her nails (whenever) -4 The frying pan caught on fire I was making dinner at that time ( while) -5 Shakespeare died in 1616 He had written more than 37 plays before then (by the time) -6 I won’t return my book to the library I’ll finish my research project first (until) The end 105 ... am/is/are + V-ing (-) S + am/is/are + not + V-ing (?) Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động xảy vào thời điểm nói Ex: - Please don’t make so much noise I’m studying - Nói việc diễn... progressive - had been + V-ing +V-ing Past perfect – had + V3/ed Simple past – V2 / -ed Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Future in the past - would... DIỄN) a Form: (+) S + was / were + V-ing (-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + V-ing (?) Was/ were + S + V-ing? b Use: - Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: - A What were you doing at o’clock