Thức giả định Bình Boong SUBJUNCTIVES (THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH) I Khái niệm Là cách động từ diễn tả những gì trái thực tế hoặc chưa thực hiện hoặc những gì trong tiềm thức II Phân loại 3 loại 1 hiện tại giả địn.
SUBJUNCTIVES (THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH) I.Khái niệm: Là cách động từ diễn tả trái thực tế chưa thực tiềm thức II Phân loại : loại giả định : *…… (that) + S + (should) Vnt cho tất chủ ngữ *Cách dùng: Khi mệnh đề sau a, Các động từ sau demand : yêu cầu require : đòi hỏi, yêu cầu 11 recommend : khuyên/giới thiệu command : lệnh urge : thúc giục 12 suggest: gợi ý decree : sắc lệnh ask : yêu cầu 13 stipulate : quy định order : lệnh insist : khăng khăng 14 prefer : muốn request: yêu cầu, đề nghị 10 advise : khuyên 15 propose : đề nghị VD: The boss demands that you be on time b Các tính từ sau: vital : quan trọng obligatory : bắt buộc important : quan trọng mandatory : thuộc lệnh necessary : cần thiết urgent : cấp bách necessary : cần thiết imperative : cấp bách VD: It's vital that he tell the truth c Các danh từ sau: Các danh từ xuất phát từ động từ tính từ trên: VD suggestion, recommendation, proposal,… VD: There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking d Các trường hợp khác: –Ước muốn, lời nguyền ● Long live Vietnam (Việt Nam muôn năm !) ● God save the Queen (Cầu mong thượng đế ban phước cho Nữ Hoàng ) ● God bless you" (Cầu mong thượng đế ban phước lành cho bạn.) -If that be +(a)/(n)/ (pro) : điều là.… VD If that be right, then it would be no defense for this man to say he is innocent : điều khơng có cản trở người nói vơ tội -Then so be it : phải thôi: VD If we have to my 2000$, then so be it: phải trả 2000$ phải trả Lưu ý: Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ trước nguyên thể không "to" It is necessary that he find the books It is necessary that he not find the books Dạng khác: It is necessary for him to find the books It is necessary for him not to find the books Quá khứ giả định: S+ V-ed/qktd (were) cho tất chủ ngữ *Động từ to be dùng was / were văn phong trang trọng dùng were Cách dùng: diễn tả hành động kiện trái với tại/TL/thực tế chung a Trong mệnh đề ĐK câu Đk b Sau imagine/ What if / Suppose/ Supposing: Để diễn tả điều giả định điều khơng có khả xảy TL Supposing you were given a lot of money, what would you do? (Giả sử bạn cho nhiều tiền bạn làm ?) c Sau wish/ If only diễn tả ước muốn trái với tại: S+ (wish) (that)/ If only+ S + Vqkd/qktd I wish / If only I knew his address (thật địa anh ta) I wish/ If only I were rich I wish/ If only I were earning a high salary d Sau would rather/ would sooner: Muốn làm tại/ TL/nói chung *S+ would rather+ (that) +S+ Vqkd/(qktd) I'd rather you didn't smoke e Sau “as if / as though": diễn tả hành động khơng có thật tại/TL / nói chung ( dịch “cứ thể”) S+ (V) As if/as though + +Vqkd/(qktd) VD: It's very cold today It looks as if/as though it were autumn now.(thực mùa hè) f.Sau cấu trúc : It’s time / It’s high time / It’s about time + S + Ved: đến lúc phải làm tại/TL/nói chung VD: The exam is coming It's time they worked hard (Note: dạng khác: It's time for Sb to V): It's time for us to start Quá khứ hoàn thành giả định: S+ had PII Cách dùng: a Trong mệnh đề Đk câu Đk3 b -Sau Imagine /What if / Suppose/ Supposing: Để diễn tả điều giả định điều khơng có khả xảy khứ VD: It was not true but what if you had become a famous model? c sau : wish/ if only : diễn đạt ước muốn trái thật khứ S+(wish) + (that)/ If only + S + had PII : thể tiếc nuối khứ VD: I wish/ If only I hadn't spent so much money.(sự thực tiêu nhiều tiền) I wish/ If only I had seen the film last night (sự thực không xem phim tối qua) d Sau as ‘if/ as though’ : diễn tả thành động khơng có thật khứ S+ (V) + as if/as though +S+ had PII The whole were seriously damaged It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs (thực động đất ) e sau “would rather/ would sooner": muốn làm khứ *S1+ would rather/ would sooner + (that) +S2 + had PII I'd rather you hadn't gone to school late yesterday III Các công thức đầy đủ với : wish/ if only; as if / as though; would rather "Wish/ if only " sentence A S+ (Wish) + to do; / wish somebody something; / wish somebody to something - I wish to pass the entrance exam - I wish you happy birthday - I wish you to become a good teacher B S+ (Wish) (that)/ If only+ S+Vqkd/(qktd) : thể nuối tiếc tại, điều khơng có thật / TL /Tình nói chung - I wish/ If only I knew his address (thật địa anh ta) - I wish/ If only I were rich C S+ (Wish) (that) | If only + S + had PIL: thể tiếc nuối khứ - I wish/ If only I hadn't spent so much money.(sự thực tiêu nhiều tiền) - I wish/ If only I had seen the film last night (sự thực không xem phim tối qua) D S+ (wish) (that) / If only +S+ would + Vnt: Were +ving Were going to V phàn nàn muốn thay đổi tình I wish/ If only they would stop making noise I wish/ If only it would stop raining hard in summer E S+ (wish)+ (that )/ If only + S+ could + Vnt: Ước muốn khả năng/ cho phép HT/ TL/ nói chung - I wish/ If only I could find a job F S+ (wish)+ (that / If only + S+ could + have+ PII: Ước muốn khả cho phép khứ - I wish / If only I could have passed the exam last year *Lưu ý: a Khi “wish” QK (wished) thi V sau dùng QKĐ/QKTD cho ước muốn HT/TL/ước muốn nói chung: - He wished that he had a bigger house - I wished I were earning a reasonable salary b Không “would” S 'wish' S “would” I wish/ If only I would have much money (sai) would have →had He wishes/ If only he would earn more (sai) would earn →earned c Để diễn tả ước muốn tương lai có thật/ có khả xảy ta khơng dùng “wish" mà thường dùng ‘hope’ thay VD :I wish I will have much money (x) → I hope I will have much money/ I hope to have much money "As if/as though" sentence A S+ (V) + As if/as though +S+Vqkd/qktd: diễn đạt hành động khơng có thật tại/TL/nói chung Vd: It's very cold today It looks as if/as though it were autumn now (thực mùa hè) He acts as if he were making a million pounds a month B S+ (V)As if/as though +S + had PII: diễn đạt hành động thật khứ VD: The whole were seriously damaged It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs ( thực động đất) C S+ (V)+ As if/ as though+S+V (đúng thì) (ht/ (be) going to/ QK): diễn đạt hành động có thật 1.He appears running from a fierce dog → It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog 2.It's very cloudy → It looks as if it is going to rain She was rich → She looked as if she was rich D as if /as though ( MĐ S) + Ving : He ran off to the house as if escaping (chủ động) + P2 : He fell to the Boor as if hit by a bullet (bị động) + To V : As if to remind him, the clock struck 11 (chỉ mục đích) Would rather I'd rather go home now I'd rather have helped you yesterday I'd rather you didn't smoke I'd rather you hadn't gone to school late yesterday *Lưu ý: 1.S+ would rather sth than sth: Thích hơn… We'd rather walk than take a bus Muốn người khác làm (Có thể xảy khơng) S1 would rather (that)+ S2 + Vnt: I would rather that you call me tomorrow S1+ would rather (that)+S2+ not+ Vnt : I would rather that you not call me tomorrow 3.Có thể dùng thay cho khứ sau từ /cụm từ ‘imagine /What if /Suppose /Supposing’ để diễn tả tình có khả xảy ra: Supposing you become a billonaire, what will you do? (có khả xảy ra) Supposing you became a billonaire, what would you do? (khơng có khả xảy ) BÀI TẬP Exercise 2: Find a mistake in each following sentence and correct it Question 1: Henry would rather that his girlfriend work in the same department as he does Question 2: It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stops smoking Question 3: It is high time I had left for the airport Question 4: It is important that we be talked about how developed countries have solved the urbanization problems and propose some solutions to those in Viet Nam Question 5: Is it really necessary that we included new information in the conclusion? Question 6: It is recommended that the presentation were no more than 15 minutes Question 7: I suggest that we focused on its advantages and disadvantages Question 8: Our Geography teacher also advised that we will talk about issues that are familiar and important to our classmates Question 9: It is important that he gets into a good university Question 10: The teacher demanded that the classroom clean immediately Question 11: It is vital that people allow to choose where to live Question 12: She requested that everyone in my class attends her presentation Question 13: It is crucial that urban people don’t look down on rural people Question 14: Her parents insisted that she studies hard for GCSE Question 15: The doctor suggested that his patient does not stop smoking Question 16: This train is very slow The earlier train was much faster I wish I catch the earlier train Question 17: Santiago wishes he didn't spend so much money last night Question 18: Bob would rather that Jill went to class yesterday Question 19: It is imperative that everyone knows what to when there is a fire Question 20: Public opinion demands that an inquiry held Question 21: Marry would rather that her boyfriend would keep his promise Question 22: The teacher asked that we stopped talking in the class Question 23: It has been suggested that children will study hard Question 24: Jennifer would rather she did not leave her phone at home yesterday Question 25: If this were proven right, you will be considered innocent Question 26: It has been suggested that he forgets the election Question 27: It was recommended that we will wait for the authorities Question 28: The landlord requested that John moves out of the apartment Question 29: The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours Question 30: It has been proposed that we will change the topic Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions Question 1: I enjoyed the movie very much I wish I the book from which it was made A.have read B had read C should have read D am reading Question 2: You are late If you a few minutes earlier, you him A.came/would meet B had come/would have met C.come/will meet D had come/would meet Question 3: I can’t stand him He always talks as though he everything A.knew B knows C has known D had known Question 4: His doctor suggested that he a short trip abroad A.will take B would take C take D took Question 5: We might have failed if you us a helping hand A.have not given B would not give C had not given D did not give Question 6: The law requires that everyone his car checked at least once a month A.has B have C had D will have Question 7: He was busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting A.would come B would have been C could have been D would be Question 8: If there were no subjunctive mood, English much easier A.will be B would have been C could have been D would be Question 9: I don't understand this point of grammar I wish I it better A.understood B would understand C had understood D understand Question 10: It never stops raining here I wish it raining A.stopped B would stop C had stopped D stops Question 11: I should never have said that I wish I that A.didn't say B wouldn't say C hadn't said D don’t say Question 12: I miss my friends I wish my friends here right now A.were B would be C had been D are Question 13: I speak English terribly I wish I English well A.spoke B would speak C had spoken D speaks Question 14: I cannot sleep The dog next door is making too much noise I wish it quiet A.kept B would keep C had kept D will keep Question 15: -“What will you during winter vacation?” -“I don’t know, but it’s about time something.” A.I decided B I’ll decide C I’d decided D I’m deciding Question 16: He was very busy yesterday, otherwise, he to your birthday party A.would come B came C would have come D should come Question 17: The two strangers talked as if they friends for years A.should be B had been C have been D were Question 18: It is about time you harder for the next exam A.work B are working C worked D have worked Question 19: The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe It looks as if it down A.would fall B falls C is falling D is going to fall Question 20: Team rules require that each player responsible for memorizing one rule and then for teaching that rule to all of the players A.is B was C be D were Question 21: To avoid unnecessary injury, the coach insisted that the players' tackling drills on the proper way to fall down A.focused B focus C were focused D to focus Question 22: I wish I to retake my exams A.do not have B will not have C am about D did not have Question 23: The spaceman felt as if he in a paradise A.had fallen B falls C fall D has fallen Question 24: He looked frightened as if he a ghost A.has seen B had seen C were D saw Question 25: I wish another more effective teaching method used A.is B was C were D has been Question 26: She wishes she a fairy now A.was B were C is D are Question 27: She spent money as if she plenty of it A.have B had C had had D should have Question 28: The emperor demanded that the thief brought before him A.were B will be C was D be Question 29: She talks too much but I wish she A.didn't B doesn't C won't D wouldn't Question 30: They will drink wine but I wish they A.didn't B don't C won't D wouldn't Question 31: I demand that he immediately A.apologize B shall apologize C will apologize D has apologized Question 32: The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day A.learn B to learn C must learn D learning Question 33: I suggested that she her lawyer before signing the contract A.consults B shall consult C will consult D should consult Question 34: It is necessary that everything ready by two o'clock tomorrow A.be B was C were D would have been Question 35: They recommend that she to a ski resort in Spain A.will go B would have gone C should go D should have gone Question 36: It is advisable that you your application as soon as possible A.submit B will submit C.will have submitted D should have submitted Question 37: It is desirable that the hotel manager to call the maintenance staff every months to clean up the air conditioners A.remember B will remember C must remember D remembers Question 38: The Principal demanded that the heaters immediately Winter is coming! A.are repaired B be repaired C were repaired D repair Question 39: The boss insisted that Sam at the meeting as he is too talkative for such a confidential project A.not be B isn't C was D is Question 40: The doctor insisted that she to the hospital for tests A.go B goes C will go D has gone Question 41: She suggested that we in the lobby of the hotel at 9:00 a.m A.shall meet B will meet C should meet D would have met ... for us to start Quá khứ hoàn thành giả định: S+ had PII Cách dùng: a Trong mệnh đề Đk câu Đk3 b -Sau Imagine /What if / Suppose/ Supposing: Để diễn tả điều giả định điều khơng có khả xảy khứ VD:... imagine/ What if / Suppose/ Supposing: Để diễn tả điều giả định điều khơng có khả xảy TL Supposing you were given a lot of money, what would you do? (Giả sử bạn cho nhiều tiền bạn làm ?) c Sau wish/... is necessary for him to find the books It is necessary for him not to find the books Quá khứ giả định: S+ V-ed/qktd (were) cho tất chủ ngữ *Động từ to be dùng was / were văn phong trang trọng