MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY PHẠM LÊ KHẢ TRÂN STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID PANDEMIC A CASE STUDY ON THE.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY PHẠM LÊ KHẢ TRÂN STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY ON THE STUDENTS OF BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY BACHELOR THESIS PROPOSAL MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION CODE: 0308050007 HO CHI MINH CITY, 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY PHẠM LÊ KHẢ TRÂN STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY ON THE STUDENTS OF BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY BACHELOR THESIS PROPOSAL MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION HO CHI MINH CITY, 2021 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to address some main factors that affect students’ perception on online learning and discuss its potential to make it more inclusive and comprehensive One of the objectives of this study is assessing the level of influence of each factor toward perception This goal has been followed by using a model examining the impact of Motivation, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Instructor, Interaction and Academic Integrity as the hypotheses of study A sample of 119 students of Banking university of Ho Chi Minh city have participated in this study The respondents' answers were tested through the use of Cronbach's Alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Finally, regression analysis was used on data in order to test hypotheses of study The results show that Motivation, Perceived Usefulness, Interaction and Academic Integrity are factors affecting online learning perception, in which Motivation has the most influence This thesis serves as a theoretical basis about the perception on Banking University students toward online learning for researchers, academic staff in Vietnam who want to further research in this area From there, some recommendations are made to help expanding online learning offerings in the post-crisis period Keywords: COVID-19, online learning, perception, motivation, perceived usefulness, interaction, academic integrity DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY I declare that all material presented in this paper is my own work or fully and specifically acknowledged wherever adapted from other sources I understand that if at any time it is shown that I have significantly misrepresented material presented here, any degree or credits awarded to me on the basis of that material may be revoked I declared that all statements and information contained here are authentic, correct and accurate to the best of my knowledge and belief Ho Chi Minh City, June 2021 Pham Le Kha Tran ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am extremely thankful for my supervisor Bui Duc Sinh for his careful guidance, support, encouragement and enthusiasm during my thesis research I would also like to thank Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City for offering the opportunity to complete this project Due to my limited knowledge and ability, there are still many shortcomings and limitations I hope for the guidance and contributions of teachers to make my thesis more complete Sincerely, thank you! Ho Chi Minh City, June 2021 Pham Le Kha Tran TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and significant 1.2 Research Objectives and Questions 1.2.1 General objective 1.2.2 Specific objective 1.2.3 Research questions 1.3 Contribution of the thesis 1.4 Research scope and subject 1.5 Structure of the thesis CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH MODEL 2.1 Relevant concepts 2.1.1 Online learning 2.1.2 Perception 2.2 Technology Acceptance Model - TAM 2.3 Previous researchs 2.4 Hypothesis 12 2.4.1 Motivation 12 2.4.2 Perceived usefulness 12 2.4.3 Perceived ease of use 13 2.4.4 Instructor 14 2.4.5 Interaction 14 2.4.6 Academic Integrity 15 2.5 Proposed model 15 CHAPTER 3: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 17 3.1 Research design 17 3.1.1 The method of building the scale 17 3.1.2 Research scale 18 3.2 Sample description 23 3.2.1 Sample size 23 3.2.2 Sampling method 24 3.2.3 Data collection 24 3.3 Statistical data analysis technique 25 3.3.1 Testing the reliability of a scale 25 3.3.2 Correlation coefficient and logit regression analysis 26 3.4 Conclusion 26 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULT 28 4.1 Descriptive Statistic 28 4.2 Cronbach's Alpha coefficient 29 4.3 Analysis exploratory factor analysis (EFA) 32 4.3.1 Factor analysis for independent variables 33 4.3.2 Factor analysis for dependent variables 35 4.4 Modified model 36 4.5 Correlation analysis of variables 37 4.6 Regression analysis 39 4.6.1 Hypothesis testing 39 4.6.2 Regression analysis result 40 CHAPTER 5: IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 43 5.1 Discussion 43 5.2 Implications 44 5.3 Limitations and recommendations 45 REFERENCES 47 APPENDIX 1: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 52 APPENDIX 2: ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY SAMPLE 60 APPENDIX 3: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS 66 APPENDIX 4: CRONBACH'S ALPHA RELIABILITY ANALYSIS 69 APPENDIX 5: EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS 76 APPENDIX 6: LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS 79 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Full meaning TAM Technology Acceptance Model EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis MO Motivation PU Perceived usefulness PEU Perceived ease of use IN Instructor IR Interaction AI Academic Integrity PE Perception MO1 I lose motivation when I study online MO2 I get distracted while studying online MO3 I often can't keep up with the lectures when I study online MO4 I lack motivation to individual and group exercises MO5 I lack motivation to individual and group exercises PU1 Online learning saves time PU2 Online learning saves money PU3 Online learning is very flexible PU4 Online learning helps me improve my computer skills PU5 The recording function helps me review the lecture PEU1 It's easy for me to use online learning apps PEU2 I quickly mastered online learning applications PEU3 I rarely have technical problems when I study online PEU4 I rarely lose my internet connection when I study online IN1 Instructor has good technology skills IN2 Lecturers often interact with students IN3 Instructor is ready to assist students when needed IN4 Lecturers design good lesson content IN5 Teachers motivate and interest students to learn IR1 Stress-free online learning environment IR2 I am less afraid to communicate with teachers IR3 I ask more questions via the comment function IR4 I am more confident when presenting online IR5 I am more comfortable participating in discussions when I study online AI1 I think students tend to cheat more when studying online AI2 I feel cheating is more common when learning online AI3 I helped my classmates cheat when taking an online test AI4 I often can't keep up with the lectures when I study online PE1 I feel like I have to cheat to be able to compete with others PE2 I think online learning is very convenient PE3 I have a positive view of online learning PE4 I find online learning very interesting PE5 I love learning online Fourth year Others Total 27 22.7 22.7 98.3 1.7 1.7 100.0 119 100.0 100.0 Statistics MAJOR N Valid 119 Missing MAJOR Frequency Valid Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Business management 40 33.6 33.6 33.6 Accounting - Auditing 29 24.4 24.4 58.0 Finance - Banking 35 29.4 29.4 87.4 International Economics 5.9 5.9 93.3 Management Information System 1.7 1.7 95.0 English Language 5.0 5.0 100.0 119 100.0 100.0 Total Statistics PARTICIPATION N Valid 119 Missing PARTICIPATION Frequency Valid Yes 119 Percent Valid Percent 100.0 Cumulative Percent 100.0 100.0 THE QUALITATIVE VARIABLE Descriptive Statistics N MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 Minimum 119 119 119 119 119 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Maximum 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 67 Mean 3.6050 4.0924 3.6218 3.3361 3.4202 Std Deviation 1.12158 88290 1.14974 1.13703 1.13119 Valid N (listwise) 119 Descriptive Statistics N PU1 PU2 PU3 PU4 PU5 Valid N (listwise) Minimum 119 119 119 119 119 119 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Maximum 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Mean 3.6387 3.5882 3.7731 3.2437 3.8235 Std Deviation 98919 1.12304 94274 1.06537 1.03044 Descriptive Statistics N PEU1 PEU2 PEU3 PEU4 Valid N (listwise) Minimum 119 119 119 119 119 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Maximum 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Mean 3.9580 3.9580 3.2773 3.0504 Std Deviation 83762 81714 1.08084 1.22023 Descriptive Statistics N IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 IN5 Valid N (listwise) Minimum 119 119 119 119 119 119 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 Maximum 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Mean 3.4370 3.7143 3.8739 3.6555 3.2689 Std Deviation 81966 86498 80837 72995 88008 Descriptive Statistics N IR1 IR2 IR3 IR4 IR5 Valid N (listwise) Minimum 119 119 119 119 119 119 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Maximum 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Mean 3.2353 3.4118 3.3613 3.5378 3.3109 Std Deviation 1.06330 99500 1.10262 1.13339 1.07157 Descriptive Statistics N AI1 AI2 AI3 AI4 Valid N (listwise) Minimum 119 119 119 119 119 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Maximum 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Descriptive Statistics 68 Mean 3.6891 3.6218 2.9916 2.8908 Std Deviation 93653 96543 1.07747 1.17740 N PE1 PE2 PE3 PE4 Valid N (listwise) Minimum 119 119 119 119 119 Maximum 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Mean 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Std Deviation 3.7815 3.4622 3.0840 2.9244 85529 87129 1.06230 1.16561 APPENDIX 4: CRONBACH'S ALPHA RELIABILITY ANALYSIS Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases a Excluded Total % 119 100.0 0 119 100.0 a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 871 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 14.4706 13.9832 14.4538 14.7395 14.6555 Corrected ItemTotal Correlation 12.421 14.559 12.013 12.533 13.041 742 624 779 710 639 Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases a Excluded Total % 119 100.0 0 119 100.0 a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure 69 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 832 861 822 840 858 Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 712 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted PU1 PU2 PU3 PU4 PU5 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 14.4286 14.4790 14.2941 14.8235 14.2437 Corrected ItemTotal Correlation 8.247 7.980 8.786 8.045 9.372 553 493 482 528 307 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 631 654 660 639 727 Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases a Excluded Total % 119 100.0 0 119 100.0 a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 727 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted PU1 PU2 PU3 10.6050 10.6555 10.4706 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 5.716 5.262 6.285 Corrected ItemTotal Correlation 566 553 465 70 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 638 644 695 PU4 11.0000 5.746 488 683 Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases a Excluded Total % 119 100.0 0 119 100.0 a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 723 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted PEU1 PEU2 PEU3 PEU4 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 10.2857 10.2857 10.9664 11.1933 Corrected ItemTotal Correlation 6.002 6.019 4.965 4.632 510 526 553 509 Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases a Excluded Total % 119 100.0 0 119 100.0 a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure 71 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 669 663 636 678 Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 842 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 IN5 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 14.5126 14.2353 14.0756 14.2941 14.6807 Corrected ItemTotal Correlation 7.303 6.792 6.732 7.159 6.507 541 628 712 686 688 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 839 816 793 803 799 Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases a Excluded Total % 119 100.0 0 119 100.0 a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 824 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted IR1 IR2 IR3 IR4 IR5 13.6218 13.4454 13.4958 13.3193 13.5462 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 11.644 11.452 10.947 11.219 11.267 Corrected ItemTotal Correlation 571 665 652 582 626 72 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 802 777 779 800 786 Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases % 119 a Excluded Total 100.0 0 119 100.0 a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 823 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted AI1 AI2 AI3 AI4 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 9.5042 9.5714 10.2017 10.3025 Corrected ItemTotal Correlation 7.032 6.959 6.874 6.247 698 685 592 636 Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases a Excluded Total % 119 100.0 0 119 100.0 a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure 73 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 758 762 803 787 Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 854 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted PE1 PE2 PE3 PE4 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 9.4706 9.7899 10.1681 10.3277 Corrected ItemTotal Correlation 7.641 6.981 6.039 5.426 567 720 744 786 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 863 808 792 776 Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases a Excluded Total % 119 100.0 0 119 100.0 a Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 863 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted PE2 PE3 PE4 6.0084 6.3866 6.5462 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 4.313 3.510 3.064 Corrected ItemTotal Correlation 710 754 789 74 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 847 793 768 75 APPENDIX 5: EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS INDEPENDENT VARIABLES KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Approx Chi-Square Bartlett's Test of Sphericity 719 1698.986 df 351 Sig .000 Communalities Initial MO1 MO2 MO3 MO4 MO5 PU1 PU2 PU3 PU4 PEU1 PEU2 PEU3 PEU4 IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 IN5 IR1 IR2 IR3 IR4 IR5 AI1 AI2 AI3 AI4 Extraction 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 721 737 783 717 680 617 717 518 569 785 765 728 762 553 627 766 715 711 646 692 635 627 628 796 807 760 688 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Total 6.259 3.874 % of Variance 23.182 14.350 Cumulative % 23.182 37.532 76 2.355 1.931 1.792 1.352 1.186 8.722 7.150 6.637 5.006 4.392 46.254 53.404 60.041 65.047 69.440 Component Matrix a Component IR3 IN5 IN2 PU4 IR2 PU1 IR5 IR1 IN4 IN3 PU3 IR4 IN1 MO3 MO4 MO1 MO2 MO5 AI2 AI4 AI1 AI3 PEU1 PEU2 PEU3 PEU4 PU2 715 696 676 617 613 603 591 587 575 573 553 522 511 676 650 637 635 633 617 605 602 540 516 663 618 550 -.522 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis a components extracted Rotated Component Matrix a Component MO3 MO1 MO4 MO2 868 839 784 754 77 MO5 IN4 IN3 IN5 IN1 IN2 IR2 IR4 IR5 IR1 IR3 AI1 AI2 AI4 AI3 PU2 PU1 PU4 PU3 PEU1 PEU2 PEU4 PEU3 740 820 801 727 709 580 789 738 698 661 632 807 792 779 768 769 710 623 573 807 807 812 805 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization a Rotation converged in iterations Component Transformation Matrix Component -.277 746 563 -.097 -.073 -.168 083 539 -.106 450 -.330 474 275 294 536 179 -.268 -.188 -.391 -.514 394 112 600 -.583 108 422 310 054 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization DEPENDENT VARIABLES KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx Chi-Square 727 173.323 78 482 187 091 -.096 -.197 078 -.818 248 -.012 195 768 348 -.432 -.050 198 069 154 484 -.528 586 276 df Sig .000 Communalities Initial PE2 PE3 PE4 Extraction 1.000 1.000 1.000 751 792 830 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Total % of Variance Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Cumulative % 2.373 372 79.102 12.417 79.102 91.519 254 8.481 100.000 Total % of Variance 2.373 Cumulative % 79.102 79.102 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis APPENDIX 6: LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS CORRELATION ANALYSIS Correlations PE Pearson Correlation PE MO PUx PEU12 PEU34 IN MO Sig (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2-tailed) 119 ** -.510 000 119 ** 533 000 119 170 065 119 * 205 025 119 ** 418 000 PUx ** PEU12 PEU34 IN 205 000 000 065 025 000 000 044 119 119 -.042 650 119 119 -.155 093 119 ** 293 001 119 119 -.004 969 119 ** 295 001 119 ** 314 001 119 119 * -.213 020 119 ** 481 000 119 ** 335 000 119 * 184 045 119 119 -.168 068 119 ** 539 000 119 * 207 024 119 ** 278 002 119 ** 414 000 119 * 229 012 119 * 208 023 119 037 691 119 030 749 119 -.012 901 119 -.042 650 119 -.155 093 119 -.004 969 119 * -.213 020 79 119 ** 293 001 119 ** 295 001 119 ** 481 000 119 ** 314 001 119 ** 335 000 119 * 184 045 418 ** AI 170 533 * IR ** -.510 619 ** 185 * IR AI N Pearson Correlation Sig (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation 119 ** 619 000 119 * 185 119 -.168 068 119 * 229 119 ** 539 000 119 * 208 119 * 207 024 119 037 119 ** 278 002 119 030 119 ** 414 000 119 -.012 119 119 * 233 Sig (2-tailed) 044 012 023 691 749 901 011 N 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 119 * 233 011 119 119 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) REGRESSION ANALYSIS Variables Entered/Removed Model Variables Entered AI, IN, PEU34, MO, PEU12, IR, b PUx Variables Removed a Method Enter a Dependent Variable: PE b All requested variables entered b Model Summary Model R 806 R Square a Adjusted R Square 650 Std Error of the Estimate 628 Durbin-Watson 56207 2.465 a Predictors: (Constant), AI, IN, PEU34, MO, PEU12, IR, PUx b Dependent Variable: PE a ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square Regression 65.116 9.302 Residual 35.067 111 316 100.183 118 Total F 29.445 Sig .000 b a Dependent Variable: PE b Predictors: (Constant), AI, IN, PEU34, MO, PEU12, IR, PUx Coefficients Model Unstandardized Coefficients a Standardized 80 t Sig Collinearity Statistics Coefficients B Std Error Beta (Constant) 1.906 478 MO -.500 063 PUx 345 088 PEU12 -.115 PEU34 037 IN IR AI Tolerance VIF 3.987 000 -.480 -7.921 000 858 1.166 287 3.910 000 587 1.704 074 -.098 -1.563 121 800 1.249 055 041 668 505 831 1.204 100 098 070 1.016 312 668 1.498 365 080 326 4.560 000 619 1.617 177 067 162 2.659 009 847 1.181 a Dependent Variable: PE Collinearity Diagnostics Model Dimension Eigenvalu e Condition Index a Variance Proportions (Constant ) MO PUx PEU12 PEU34 IN IR AI 7.710 1.000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 092 9.134 00 18 00 01 32 00 01 11 068 10.621 00 17 03 00 49 02 09 01 047 12.863 01 07 00 09 13 05 05 53 034 15.012 00 19 06 36 00 00 21 24 021 18.988 01 02 65 07 01 02 57 03 018 20.602 03 05 23 36 05 56 05 04 009 29.189 94 32 03 12 00 34 02 04 a Dependent Variable: PE a Residuals Statistics Minimum Predicted Value Residual Std Predicted Value Std Residual 4944 -1.58260 -3.584 -2.816 Maximum Mean 5.3005 1.17223 2.886 2.086 3.1569 00000 000 000 a Dependent Variable: PE 81 Std Deviation 74285 54514 1.000 970 N 119 119 119 119 ...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY PHẠM LÊ KHẢ TRÂN STUDENTS? ?? PERCEPTION ON ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY ON THE. .. view of Banking University students? The degree of influence of factors on the perception on online learning? What are the implications that help Banking University to increase the quality of online. .. online learning platforms and services? 1.3 Contribution of the thesis Theoretically: The thesis serves as a theoretical basis about the perception of Banking University students toward online learning