Bài giảng sinh học bảo tồn ĐH khoa học tự nhiên Đại học quốc gia Hà Nội Conservation Biology 2016 week 6 pptx Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis “100 of the world’s most invasive alien species” http www udel edu © Darren C J Yeo, 2012 L u Cua sông = Cua ra Introduce.
Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis http://www.udel.edu “100 of the world’s most invasive alien species” © Darren C J Yeo, 2012 Lu Cua sông = Cua Introduced species: any species introduced into a geographical region outside its natural range, across natural dispersal barriers, as a result of anthropogenic influence Two types of Biological invasions Carlton (1987): Range expansions: dispersal by natural mechanisms Introductions: dispersal by human activities, often across natural barriers and vast distances Invasive species – an overview Causes Effects Our perspectives Introduced species = alien species = exotic species = non-native species = non-indigenous species invasive species What are invasive species? IUCN (2000): “Alien invasive species” are “alien species which becomes established in natural or semi-natural ecosystems or habitat, is an agent of change, and threatens native biological diversity” Lodge et al (2007): “species that spread widely, become locally abundant, or spread into natural areas” An overview of invasive species Invasion pathways and sources? Giant African land snail (Achatina fulica) Introduction by ornamental trade, food trade Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Threadfin Acara or South American cichlid (Acarichthys heckeli) Introduction by ornamental trade, mosquito control South American water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Bidens pilosa (beggar-ticks, cobbler's pegs, and Spanish needle) Aquaculture After WWII, aquaculture started emerging as a significant food producing factor, with growing rate over 10% annually (Patrick, 1999) In early 1950s, global production of aquaculture was about 1.0 mil tons/ year (FAO, 2015) Control the species introductions Increasing the biological/ecological knowledge on species introductions, on bio-invasions assess the potential effects on native fauna Problems: many species are introduced without proper knowledge, effects of non-native species when establish are still unpredictable Control the species introductions Information exchange network: global databases alert the governments and management agencies to deal with new threats Problems: introduction happens any time, any where, many countries without proper recording procedures and measures for import/export live products difficult to update the information Available online database Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) FishBase.org Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Information Resource of the United States Geological Survey (NAS-USGS) Delivering Alien Invasive Species in Europe (DAISIE) FAO-Database on Introductions of Aquatic Species (FAODIAS) Control the species introductions The legislative tools: laws, international framework Problems: legislative situations in different countries are different How is this topic relevant to us? Previously on Conservation Biology Principles of CONSERVATION BIOLOGY Weeks 6-15 Part I Introduction to Conservation Biology What is Conservation Biology? Biological Diversity Biodiversity on Earth Part II Values of Biodiversity Ecological Values Indirect Economic Values Direct Economic Values Ethical Values Part III Current threats to Biodiversity Over-exploitation Habitat destruction and degradation… Global climate change Invasive species and disease Extinction & vulnerability to extinction Why conserve? What to protect/ conserve? How to protect/ conserve? From next week Part IV Approaches in Conservation of Biodiversity Part IV Approaches in Conservation of Biodiversity Conservation of species & populations Conservation of communities & ecosystems Human and conservation Conservation of species & populations Identifying endangered species Identifying threats to a species Problems of small populations Meta-populations Predicting risks to a species/ population: PVA; guidelines by IUCN (Red list) Conservation of species & populations (2) In-situ & ex-situ conservation Establishing/ Re-establishing populations in the wild: Reintroduction program, Augmentation program, Introduction program Species and conservation of habitats the roles of ex-situ conservation facilities, e.g., zoological gardens (zoos), in conservation of biodiversity Conservation of communities & ecosystems Protected areas Establishment of protected areas Creating networks of protected areas Effectively managing protected areas Conservation outside protected areas Conservation in human-modified areas Restoration of biological communities in degraded habitats Human and conservation Sustainable development Legislation (policy and laws) International collaboration Education about conservation: Changing people’s perspectives, attitude, and behaviour in favour of conservation Next week Conservation at populations and species levels (1): 1. Identifying endangered species 2. Identifying threats to a species 3. Problems of small populations BRING YOUR LAPTOPS! laptop/group GROUP ASSIGNMENT 40% grades Oral presentation & report: from 30th March 49 students divided to 15 groups, 3-4 students per group (4 groups of students & 11 groups of students) each group will present a specified topic (in English), within 15 mins, followed by an open discussion groups per week (from week to 13) A written essay on the topic will be submitted as individual report, one week after the presentation (in both hard copy and soft copy via email) Oral presentations Week 7: discussion and registration of topics Week 8: deadline for topic registration Weeks 9–13: presentations Topics 1–5: Conservation of species or populations Topics 6–10: Conservation of communities or ecosystems Topics 11–15: Human & conservation Requirements for Oral presentations Group presentation, English PowerPoint slides (optional) All members have to take part in the presentation Non-presenting students/groups have to take part in the discussion section, e.g., giving comments, critics, and asking questions Requirements for individual reports Language: English Essay format: Introduction, Discussion, and Conclusion References MUST be included at the end of the report Medium: printed on A4 paper, main essay not more than printed pages + references Typeset: font Arial or Times New Roman, size 12-13, line spacing 1.5 times Where you find necessary information for your report/ presentation? Scientific Journals: e.g., Conservation Biology, Biological Conservation, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation etc Google Scholar … Some suggestions for presentation topics Find a successful conservation programme at population/ species level Discuss the key reasons for the success and the limitations of that programme Propose the design of a zoo that can support conservation of biodiversity Find a successful or "not so successful" conservation program at communities/ ecosystem level What can we learn from that program? Some suggestions for presentation topics Discuss key challenges in managing protected areas in Vietnam What are the direct and indirect possible impacts of hybrids and genetically modified organisms on native biodiversity? Take it in the context that genetically modified organisms have just been approved to use in Vietnam Some suggestions for presentation topics How we balance between the development of agriculture/ aquaculture and conservation of biodiversity? Present one or two cases of ecological restoration program and discuss the limitations of these programs Everything comes at a cost If you have to choose, what is your priority of conservation planning? Species, Habitats, or Ecosystems? Why? Some suggestions for presentation topics For Vietnamese people, what are everyday habits that are harmful to biodiversity? How can we stop or change these habits? Your opinion about conservation programmes on nearly extinct species (with extremely small population remained, with nearly no chance of recovery) Propose some species as "new flagship species" to promote conservation of biodiversity in Vietnam (ones that can benefit the conservation of as many ecosystems in Vietnam as possible) Write & present a proposal to support your idea Some suggestions for presentation topics A study on the relationship between individuals learning about environmental problems and their conservation attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, and behaviours You are taking part in an educational program to students in secondary school Provided that you have 15 mins with each group of students, you give a presentation in order to deliver a conservation message You are taking part in a conservation campaign, and you have to give a 15 mins talk to convince (adult) people that biodiversity loss affected human welfare (by telling them how, where, and when biodiversity loss has affected human welfare) ... Previously on Conservation Biology Principles of CONSERVATION BIOLOGY Weeks 6-15 Part I Introduction to Conservation Biology What is Conservation Biology? Biological... Approaches in Conservation of Biodiversity Part IV Approaches in Conservation of Biodiversity Conservation of species & populations Conservation of communities & ecosystems Human and conservation. .. Journals: e.g., Conservation Biology, Biological Conservation, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation etc Google Scholar … Some suggestions for presentation topics Find a successful conservation