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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION NGUYEN DANG THAO NGUYEN URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF DANANG CITY Major : Geography Code : 9.31.05.01 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN GEOGRAPHY HA NOI - 2022 The PhD Thesis was completed at HANOI UNVIERSITY OF EDUCATION Scientific Supervisors: Prof.Dr Nguyen Viet Thinh Assoc.Prof.Dr Dau Thi Hoa Members of the Evaluation Committee: Prof Dr Truong Quang Hai University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Hanoi National University Assoc Prof Dr Vu Dinh Hoa Phenikaa University Assoc Prof Dr Duong Quynh Phuong Thai Nguyen University of Education INTRODUCTION The urgency of the thesis The research on urbanization has great significance both in science and in practice, because Urbanization is a part of the socio-economic economy, it is influenced by many factors both natural and population, economy, culture, society, and at the same time, Urbanization also affects back, changing population, labor force, changing economic structure, infrastructure, urban space, changing lifestyle, quality of life of the urban population, strongly affecting the socio-economic of the city and the country Da Nang, from a provincial city, was separated in 1997, with small space, undeveloped urban infrastructure, poor investment attraction ability, and lack of economic motivation Urbanization of the city has taken place rapidly since 2003, when the city was recognized as a class I urban area, a city directly under the central government until now The proportion of urban population is high, from 79.1% in 2003 to 87.3% in 2020, ranking first in the country Urban space has expanded times, urban economy is growing, GRDP scale in 2020 is more than 103.0 trillion VND, and ranking 11th out of 63 provinces and cities, GRDP structure with strength is service industry (87.6%) Urbanization has spent 18 years, has its own characteristics, contain the mark of nature and people of Quang region With the desire to clarify the characteristics of Urbanization in Da Nang city in the period 2003 - 2020; impact of urbanization on the socio-economic development of the city; solutions to realize the goal of building Da Nang city set by the Politburo and the city government, the Doctoral student chooses the topic “Urbanization and its Impact on the SocioEconomic Development of Danang City” for doctoral dissertation Objectives and aims of research 2.1 Objective The objective of the dissertation is the theoretical basis system on Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development; Research on Urbanization and its impact on socioeconomic development of Da Nang city from the perspective of Socio-Economic Geography; From there, propose solutions for Urbanization and its impact on the socio-economic development of Da Nang by 2030 2.2 Aims - An overview of the theoretical basis of Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development applied in research on the topic in Da Nang - Assessing the factors affecting Urbanization and analyzing the actual situation of Urbanization in Da Nang in the period 2003 - 2020 - Analyzing the impact of Urbanization on socio-economic development in the study area - Proposing solutions on Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development in Da Nang to 2030 effectively and sustainably Scope of research 3.1 Scope of content - Focusing on the research of Urbanization in terms of: urban function; urban population; urban economy; urban infrastructure; the expansion of urban space - Assess the impact of Urbanization on socio-economic development from the perspective of geography, specifically: + About economic: Impact of urbanization on economic growth and economic restructuring; to the development of economic sectors associated with the sea (Industry, seaports, tourism), transport + About Society: Impact of Urbanization on labor - employment; growth of GRDP and cultural life of people in the area 3.2 Scope of research space - The Research on Urbanization in the administrative territory of Da Nang mainly focuses on inner city districts and some communes in Hoa Vang district - In addition, the research place Da Nang in the Central Vietnam key economic region and the Central Highlands region 3.3 About the time The research on Urbanization of Da Nang is for the period from 2003 to 2020, which is the period when Da Nang is recognized as a grade I city, directly under the central government; The data on the impact of Urbanization on socio-economic development are mainly taken from Da Nang Statistical Yearbook in the period 2003 – 2020 Approach and research method 4.1 Approach method The dissertation has applied approach methods: systematize, territorial, synthesis, historical perspective and sustainable development perspective 4.2 Research methods The dissertation has used some main research methods: method of collecting and processing documents, method of analysis, comparison, synthesis, method of survey and sociological investigation, method of map and geographic information systems (GIS), and expert method Scientific and practical of dissertation - Scientific significance: The thesis contributes to clarifying more theoretical and practical issues about Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development, selecting evaluation criteria and urban research methods suitable to apply for Da Nang City - Practical significance: + The dissertation clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of factors affecting Urbanization in Da Nang City, analyze the reality of Urbanization in Da Nang City in the period 2003 – 2020, Assess qualitatively the impacts of Urbanization on socio-economic development of Da Nang city and Propose solutions with scientific basis on Urbanization and its positive and effective impacts on the socio-economic development of Da Nang City in the future + From the above results, the research can serve as a reference for the urban urbanization practice of Da Nang city in the period 2003 - 2020 for the city's authorities in urban planning and development in the next period Structure of dissertation In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the research content is structured into four chapters Chapter 1: Scientific basis of urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development Chapter The urbanization situation in Da Nang city Chapter Impact of urbanization on socio-economic development in Da Nang city Chapter Solutions on urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development in Da Nang Chapter SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1.1 Overview of research related to the topic 1.1.1 Research situation in the world and Vietnam - Research direction on Urbanization The dissertation has approached the document system to present concepts and terms related to Urbanization The concepts of Urban Region, Urbanization, the characteristics and complexity of Urbanization and the parallel relationship between Urbanization, Industrialization, population, economy, culture and society are mentioned very early in the works "General Theory of Urbanization" by Cerda in 1867, by Michael Spence, by SSRC in the 1960s, Brian.T Berry in 1976 and the authors' research in the last decades of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century such as Harold Carter's "Research on Urban Geography" in 1985, Alan Rabinowitz, David Drakakis in 2000, Michael Spence, Pierre Laborde in 2020 The dissertation also accesses documents on Urbanization of Vietnamese authors, typically the works "Vietnamese Urban Region" volume 1, by Dam Trung Phuong (1995), the work "Ethnology - Urban Region and urbanization” by Mac Duong 2002 and many other authors; Dissertation also approached the literature on factors affecting the urbanization process, notably the studies presented and discussed during the XXIII International Congress of Geography in Moscow (1976), researching the factors affecting Urbanization from a geographical perspective Regarding the evaluation criteria of Urbanization, the dissertation approached the evaluation documents of the United Nations on assessing urban population use; N.G.Fian uses two criteria: population and territorial space; The set of criteria of the UN Organization - Habitat provides criteria with 23 indicators; Li – Yin Shen offers criteria with 127 indicators and many other evaluations by Wang Yeu, Vichit Lorchirachoonkul The dissertation also approached the research works of Dam Trung Phuong, Do Thi Minh Duc, Nguyen Huu Doan on determining criteria to evaluate Urbanization Especially in the work "Evaluation of Urbanization in Vietnam - Technical Assistance Report" of the World Bank, transformations in Urbanization were used to evaluate - Research direction on the impact of Urbanization In this research direction, in the world and in Vietnam, the dissertation approaches many documents assessing the impact of urbanization on the economy, culture, society, environment, and people from different angles The research showing the general theory is of David Drakakis - Smith, he thinks that the demographic factors Socio-economic - environmental are the key factors affecting Urbanization in any country in the world The interaction between these factors will determine the sustainability or not of a city; each different angle has many research authors; from the perspective of Urbanization affecting the population, there are documents of David E Bloom; Michael Timberlake and Alan Rabinowitz; James H Spener; From the perspective of urbanization on economic impact, there are many studies by organizations such as UNESCO, UNDP, WB, ADB with the aim of clarifying the links between globalization and Urbanization and many individual studies According to the authors: Michael Spence, Nhieu Hoi Lam, the authors believe that urbanization is the driving force to change the economic structure, the labor structure in the direction of increasing the proportion in Regions II and III, sharply decreasing in Region I, leading to rapid urban economic growth, the emergence of urban economy; Urbanization's impact on society, notably the United Nations document "Population, urbanization and quality of life" (1994), refers to the positive impacts of Urbanization such as job creation, people's income growth, living standards, culture, fertility and family Scale, affecting the whole rural area In addition to the positive side, some authors also mentioned the negative side of Urbanization such as David Drakakis in "Third World Cities", Michael Pacione, Brian JL Berry said Urbanization in "third world" countries facing a series of problems such as overcrowding, lack of housing, unemployment, lack of clean water, environmental pollution, widening gap between rich and poor, increasing social evils The dissertation also has access to documents in Vietnam such as Dao Hoang Tuan, Do Thi Thanh Hoa, Vu Que Huong, Pham Thi Xuan Tho that research on the impact of Population Urbanization and Migration; The direction to study the impact of Urbanization in terms of geography inludes Le Thong, Nguyen Minh Tue, Do Thi Minh Duc 1.1.2 Researches on Urbanization in Da Nang In fact, there are not many researches on Urbanization and its impact on Socio-economic in Da Nang the document "History of Da Nang City" by Duong Trung Quoc et al (2001) refers to the place name and the formation of Da Nang city in historical periods; document "Da Nang Achievements and Prospects", by Nguyen Duc Hung (2015) and some research works related to Urbanization and its impact on economic aspects - society of Da Nang such as the study of urban lifestyle construction in the process of Urbanization in Da Nang, by Pham Hao et al (2006); research on employment for farmers whose land is acquired in the process of Industrialization and Urbanization in Da Nang by Nguyen Dung Anh (2014); study on the influence of FDI investment on sustainable urbanization in Da Nang by Nguyen Thi Thoa (2014); study on the impact of immigrants on socio-economic development in Da Nang by Nguyen Nu Doan Vy (2018); In addition, there are articles on Urbanization in Da Nang published in journals and websites of the authors talking about the achievements and limitations of Urbanization in Da Nang, orientations, planning and development solutions in the future 1.1.3 Application of general research to the topic - Research contents that can be inherited On the basis of reference to published researches of authors in many different fields, it allows the author to inherit some important contents such as the theoretical and practical basis of Urbanization and the criteria assessment of Urbanization; Impact of Urbanization on Socioeconomic and criteria for assessing the impact of Urbanization on Socio-economic - Topics that need further research Through the analysis of published researches, the author finds that, although the author have mentioned aspects of the research object in Dissertation, there are still some contents that need to be further studied and elucidated: Factors affecting Urbanization and the status of Urbanization in Da Nang; Impact of Urbanization on Socio-Economic Development in Da Nang; Orientations and Urbanization solutions and its impact on socio-economic development in the period to 2030 1.2 Theoretical basis of Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development 1.2.1 Urbanization problems 1.2.1.1 Concepts of Urban Region and Urbanization - Urban Region is "an urban region is an region with a high density of population living and mainly operating in the non-agricultural economic sector, as a political, administrative, economic, cultural or professional center that play a role in promoting the socio-economic development of a country or a territory or a locality - Urbanization is a socio-economic process whose manifestation is the rapid increase in the number and Scale of urban settlements, the concentration of people in large and extremely large cities as well as widespread popularity of urban lifestyles in the entire network of settlements 1.2.1.2 Features of urbanization Urbanization has four basic characteristics: Urbanization is social and historical; Urbanization is associated with the process of Industrialization; Urbanization is an inevitable and global process; Urbanization is a complex, regular and interwoven process of socio-economic, cultural, environmental and spatial issues 1.2.1.3 Factors affecting urbanization The dissertation analyses three groups of factors in depth: (1) Geographical location and territory; (2) Natural conditions and natural resources; (3) Socio-economic factors (history of territory formation, population and labor, level of development of economic, science and technology, context of integration and globalization, sources of FDI capital and policy institutions ) 1.2.1.4 Criteria for assessing urbanization The dissertation inherits the Urbanization evaluation criteria system in previous documents and studies and based on the fact that the study area has selected groups of evaluation criteria suitable for the process of Urbanization in Da Nang, including: (1) Urban functions; (2) Urban population; (3) Urban economy; (4) Urban infrastructure; (5) The expansion of urban space 1.2.2 The impact of urbanization on socio-economic development 1.2.2.1 Positive effects Urbanization promotes economic growth mainly by increasing labor productivity and shifting the economic structure towards the trend from agriculture to industry and services; Urbanization creates modern and synchronous infrastructure development; Urbanization promotes attraction of domestic and foreign investment capital; Urbanization creates a large consumption market, stimulating the development of manufacturing industries attracting a qualified workforce, creating jobs for workers, improving incomes and living standards, medical conditions, health care, better education in rural areas, popularizing lifestyles civilized city 1.2.2.2 Negative effects To a certain extent, Urbanization creates disparities in economic development between urban and rural areas; urban infrastructure is overloaded; reduce the rate of rural labor; causing pressure on employment/unemployment and housing problems, social evils; creating a disparity between rich and poor 1.2.2.3 Criteria for assessing the impact of urbanization on socio-economic development The criteria that the author chooses to assess the impact of Urbanization on the socioeconomic development of Da Nang, include: (1) Criteria to assess the impact of Urbanization on the economy (Speed of development and economic restructuring; The development of key economic sectors associated with the sea such as industry, seaports, tourism; Development of transport infrastructure); (2) Criteria for assessing the impact of urbanization on society (Labor/employment; GRDP growth/person; People's living standards) 1.3 Practical basis for urbanization The dissertation focuses on analyzing and evaluating the reality of Vietnam's urbanization in the period 2003 - 2020 on the following aspects: assessment of the actual situation of urbanization, achievements and limitations, characteristics of urbanization in Vietnam The dissertation also approaches the practical experiences of Urbanization in two cities at the same level as Da Nang, Hai Phong and Can Tho, to draw lessons learned when researching Urbanization and its impact to the Socio-Economics in Da Nang Chapter THE URBANIZATION SITUATION IN DA NANG CITY 2.1 Factors affecting Urbanization in Da Nang 2.1.1 Geographical location and territory of Da Nang (Da Nang Administrative map) Da Nang city has a natural land area: 1,284.73 km2, Da Nang has urban districts and district, with 56 administrative units at ward and commune level Da Nang is the largest coastal city in the Central Viet Nam region, with a very favorable geographical position: Located in the middle of the country, like a bridge connecting two big cities Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City; As the gateway to the sea of the Central Highlands; In the center of the Central Vietnam key economic region; Located at the eastern gate of the East-West Economic Corridor; Located at the entrance of the world's natural and cultural heritage With this special geographical location, it creating favorable conditions for economic, cultural, scientific and technical exchanges and cooperation and attracting investment with localities in the country, in the region and internationally, has an impact and accelerate the urbanization process 2.1.2 Natural conditions and natural resources 2.1.2.1 Terrain and land - Terrain: Da Nang has a relatively diverse topography, the cross-section from East to West with different types of terrain: the sea and the East coast about 30 km long, the shoals and underground depressions, along the shore, there are many beaches , nice view; coastal plain is low and flat land favorable for agriculture and construction of industrial, service, military facilities and functional areas of the city; The mountainous terrain occupies a large area in the West, where many watershed forests are concentrated and is significant for the protection of the ecological environment of the city - Land: the current status of land use from 2003 to 2020 of Da Nang City according to the trend of decreasing agricultural land area, increasing non-agricultural land area, by 2020, agricultural land area will account for 6.66%, non-agricultural land area will account for 43 42%, forestry land area accounts for 48.8%, unused land is very little, only 1.1%, this is a limitation for Urbanization 2.1.2.2 Climate and water Resources Da Nang locates in the monsoon sub-equatorial climate zone, the temperature is high and low volatility, the average temperature is about 25.6oC, the highest temperature in the months of June, August and August is from 28-30oC The lowest temperature in December, and is from 18 to 23oC The average air humidity is 83.4% The rainfall of Da Nang is high with the average 2,505mm/year, the rainfall is very distinct by seasons: the rainy season is from August to December, the average rainfall is 161.4mm/month; The dry season is from January to July, the smallest is in the months of February, April, about 23-40mm/month Da Nang is a place heavily affected by natural disasters such as wind storms, tides, tsunamis and strongly affected by climate change Basically, Da Nang's climate is still favorable for the process of urbanization and socio-economic development The territory of Da Nang includes land and sea; the city's water resources are quite rich in both underground and surface water Total flow is about 12.3 billion m3/year, but unevenly distributed (rainy season accounts for 65-80%, dry season accounts for only 20-35%) Da Nang has two main rivers, the Han River and the Cu De River, but the city's water supply is mainly taken from the Vu Gia River, which flows through the Yen River to the Cau Do River 2.1.2.3 Marine resources - Da Nang has a coastline of about 30 km, a sea area of over 15,000 km2, forecasted seafood reserves is about 1,136,000 tons, Da Nang is an important fishing ground of the Central Viet Nam region, exploiting from 150,000 to 200,000 tons seafood/year - Da Nang Bay has an area of 116 km2, 46 km in circumference, with an average depth of 10 - 17m, is a closed bay very convenient for port construction, large ships with a tonnage of up to 50,000 tons are able to easy access to the bay The location is convenient for transporting goods to domestic ports, Southeast Asia and Asia - Pacific - The sea and coast of Danang are blessed with many beautiful beaches, good beaches, the most notably is My Khe, Non Nuoc, Bac My An, Xuan Thieu, Lang Van, Tien Sa, Bai But beaches that creates for Da Nang to have outstanding advantages in marine tourism, strongly impact on Urbanization, in urban planning and design with tourism function 2.1.2.4 Forest resources Geological conditions, topography and climate make Da Nang quite rich biodiversity Currently, Da Nang has a forest area of about 67,148 ha, mainly concentrated in the west and northwest of the city, including types of forests: special-use forests, protection forests and production forests Forest coverage rate is 49.6%, timber reserve is about million m³ The city's forests are concentrated in unique nature reserves, Ba Na nature reserve, Son Tra nature reserve and Nam Hai Van cultural and historical area The city's forests have special significance in protecting the ecological environment, improving the quality of the urban environment and the value of tourism development (Map of natural factors) 2.1.3 Socioeconomic 2.1.3.1 History of Da Nang urban formation Da Nang is a city with a long history, associated with the history of the nation's expansion and also with the history of the Land of Quang Right from the Sa Huynh - Cham Pa period, economic activities besides agriculture and fishery, trade by sea were also active; By the Nguyen Dynasty, Da Nang was already a commercial port, an important military port, the largest in the Central region; During the French colonial period, Da Nang officially became a port city and over the period of the Republic of Vietnam continued to be built and developed to become the second largest city in the South Since the country's unification, Da Nang became an urban center of Quang Nam - Da Nang province, in 1997, Da Nang was officially recognized as a city directly under the central government and in 2003 Da Nang was recognized as a Grade urban center directly under the central government This is a great motivation to promote the process of Urbanization and development with the goal of becoming a big city in Vietnam 2.1.3.2 Population – labor force - Population: is a factor that directly affects Urbanization and the socio-economic development of the city Da Nang's population in 2020 will reach 1,169,480 people (an increase of 1.54 times compared to 2003), accounting for nearly 1.2% of the country's population, ranking 38th out of 63 provinces and ranking 5/5 centrally-run cities - In each district administrative unit, the fluctuations in size and population growth rate are different: the two central districts of Thanh Khe and Hai Chau always account for a large proportion and grow rapidly in the first stage; from 2006 to 2010, the periphery and suburban areas have rapid population growth rate; From 2010 to 2020, the growth rate in the central area begins to slow down The growth rate is higher in resettlement areas, new urban areas, and areas near industrial zones The highest is Lien Chieu district with 7.4%/year, followed by Cam Le, Ngu Hanh Son (mainly increased by mechanization) - Labor force Along with population growth, the city's working labor force increased rapidly, in 2003 there were In the structure of GRDP, the proportion of agriculture, forestry and fishery is the 2nd lowest in 63 provinces (after Ho Chi Minh City) and the service sector is the 3rd highest in 63 provinces (behind Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh) Regarding the growth rate, it is always at a high level, especially in 2020 due to the heavy influence of the Covid-19 pandemic, Da Nang is one of the five provinces having negative growth rates 2.2.3.2 Structure of the economic sector In the period of 2003-2010, Da Nang chose a breakthrough direction to prioritize industrial development, implemented in parallel with the process of Urbanization, the economic structure shows Industry - Service - Agriculture; Concentrated industrial parks were formed, increasing the number from to Industrial parks, developing high-value industries, products with great demand in international and regional markets such as electronics, manufacturing components for automobiles, aviation, aerospace, textiles, garments, etc The proportion of industry increased from 26% in 1997 to 32.7% in 2010 In the period from 2010 to 2020, in order to exploit the strengths of resources and seek sustainable economic development, Da Nang chooses an environmentally friendly, modern economic development model, taking the service industry as a spearhead, prioritizing capital investment for services (the proportion of investment capital accounts for more than 60%/year of the total investment capital in the area); The economic structure began to shift to Services - Industry - Agriculture, the proportion of the service industry increased rapidly 2.2.4 Urban infrastructure 2.2.4.1 Transportation system - Road system: The process of urbanization focuses on expanding, upgrading and modernizing existing streets; planning to open many new streets to the city center, to tourist areas; to renovate and upgrade rural transport routes, creating the city's road network with changes in quantity and quality By 2020, urban districts have had 2000 roads with a total length of 1,303,574 km, connecting the two banks of the Han River with large and modern bridges, 90% of rural traffic routes have been concreted Road traffic is synchronously connected to facilitate socioeconomic development, especially for tourism, service and industry - Waterway traffic system, focusing on types: for river transport, it is most importantly serving tourism on the Han and Cu De rivers For sea transport, it implements the planning of port clusters from 10 small ports Tien Sa port cluster is invested, upgraded and gradually changed its function from a cargo port to a tourist port; building a new Lien Chieu port cluster with the function of transporting goods and providing logistics services; Tho Quang port cluster, with the function of port and fishery service - Air traffic system: Da Nang International Airport is one of the five major international airports of the country The airport has been renovated, upgraded and modernized By 2020, there will be terminals (domestic station and international station) Da Nang International Airport is rated 4E and C according to IATA standards, ensuring the capacity to receive over 260 flights, with more than 40,000 domestic and international passengers passing through each day Da Nang International Airport becomes the nucleus of development, connecting urban service chains, creating a new development driving force for urbanism and urbanization - Railway transport system: Da Nang station is one of the major stations in the North - South railway line Infrastructure and technical facilities of Da Nang station are well invested and equipped To ensure urban traffic, Da Nang station will be relocated out of the center, the new 11 station is located on the northwest traffic axis of the city, creating a modern and synchronous transport system, contributing to the construction of a civilized, clean and airy city 2.2.4.2 Electric supplying system The city's electricity network is constantly being improved and upgraded to be more and more synchronous and modern to meet the city's living, production and development needs The electricity supply to the city is quite stable, meeting the production and consumption needs of the people and tourists 2.2.4.3 Water supply, drainage and wastewater treatment systems - The city's water supply network has covered the inner city districts; the remaining districts have pipelines along the main axes The percentage of population with clean water supply in the inner city districts is over 98%, the average water consumption of the city people reaches 128 liters/person/day - Regarding the water drainage and wastewater treatment system, the city plans to build a combination of two types of common drainage system and a separate wastewater drainage system leading to the treatment station By 2020, Da Nang has wastewater treatment stations, with a total capacity of 316,000 m3/day, basically ensure urban environmental sanitation 2.2.4.4 Postal/telecommunication system Infrastructure for information technology has been invested and developed By 2020, there have been 60 satellite stations, forming a free wifi network throughout the city, transmission routes within the province, microwave routes, wireless networks and 430 hotspots in central areas, tourist attractions, and public areas The telecommunications network is Modern and stable, meeting the information transmission and communication needs of residents and visitors 430 hotspots The smart city project has put into operation the "Public Service Information Center", providing information and answering questions about public administrative services for organizations and individuals 2.2.4.5 Health and education system - The education network is focused on investment, by 2020, the city has: 192 primary schools, 57 secondary high schools, 24 high schools, ensuring nearly 200,000 students from primary to high school can go to school Construction works ensure that 97.0% of primary school students have lessons per day; About higher education, the city has 15 colleges and 12 universities, with nearly 120,000 college and university students The city has built a shared database and an education data communication portal, connecting school management software - The network of medical facilities has been built to ensure that the quantity and quality of care and protection of people's health are significantly improved By 2020, 100% of wards and communes will have national standard medical stations Currently, the whole city has 86 medical facilities (including 24 hospitals), with 7,680 hospital beds, reaching 79.0 beds/10,000 people, there are 20.3 doctors/10,000 people 2.2.5 Urban space expansion - Before 2003 Da Nang was a small town, with a population of less than 600,000 people, the inner city only consisted of districts (Hai Chau, Thanh Khe and District 3, with an area of about 5,600 ha, with an urban population of 591,000 people (accounting for 79.1%) The urban area is small, infrastructure is inadequate, especially traffic, there are 100 roads, narrow streets, many areas are still dirt roads; There is only one waterway ferry station, one road bridge and one railway bridge on both sides of the Han River; electricity, water, and public services are lacking, sanitation is limited, and life is poor People's lives are still difficult; resources have not been exploited, coastal 12 but coastal cities are only poor fishing villages, self-sufficient, self-sufficient economy, the city turns its back on the sea, lacks development motivation (Map of urbanization in Da Nang in 2003) - From 2003 to 2020, Da Nang City focuses on re-planning the entire urban space, planning land use, identifying urban areas in need of embellishment, new urban areas, promulgating and popularizing policies on compensation, clearance, etc After the reconstruction and urban construction, remarkable results have been obtained: (1) Creating a synchronous and relatively modern infrastructure system, especially the expanded and more modern street traffic The whole city has 2,000 roads, with a total length of 1,300km, connecting the East - West banks of the Han River with unique bridges crossing, the landscape and urban environment have changed profoundly (2) New urban areas are formed and planned in the direction of modern urban areas; The entire coastal area has been covered with projects for tourism development, along the coast are wide roads, beautiful landscapes are completed (3) Urban space is expanded to nearly 21,300 hectares, which is more than times higher than the old urban area Urban areas are expanded in priority directions such as West - Northwest; South – Southeast and Southwest (4) Identifying functional areas and expansion directions for the following areas: central urban area; tourist, commercial urban area and eastern coastal seaport; West - Northwest Hi-tech Urban Area; ecological urban area, culture, sport and preservation of historical relics in the South Southwest (Map of urbanization of Da Nang city in 2020 and Map of urban functional areas) Chapter IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF DA NANG CITY 3.1 Impact of Urbanization on Socio-Economic Development of Da Nang City 3.1.1 Economic growth rate and restructuring 3.1.1.1 Economic growth rate - Urbanization and economic growth have a close relationship, Urbanization promotes economic growth, and economic growth is a decisive factor for Urbanization In the period 2003 2020, GRDP increased by an average of 10% per year, although the growth rate varies from year to year Particularly in 2020 due to the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic, Da Nang city has a negative growth rate (-9.8%) However, the scale of GRDP is still high in the country: in 2010 it ranked 22/63 provinces, by 2020 it ranked 17/63 provinces - Urbanization affects the growth rate of economic sectors: Industry - Construction and Services have high and continuous growth rates, due to exploitation of natural and socio-economic advantages , the Agriculture - Forestry - Fisheries sector has a low growth rate and gradually decreases In 2020, due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, the growth rates of all industries decreased, leading to a negative value of the GRDP growth rate of the whole city 3.1.1.2 Economic restructuring a GRDP restructuring by economic sectors Urbanization has successfully promoted economic restructuring in both breadth and depth The trend of economic restructuring of the city towards a modern and sustainable direction is service - industry - agriculture, in line with the basic advantages of the city's resources and in line with the general trend of the urbanization process in countries around the world and Vietnam In 2003, the proportion of the AFF sector was 6.4%, the Industry-Construction sector was 45.6%, the service sector was 43.2% By 2020, the respective indexes of the above industry groups will be: 2.2 13 %; 21.1%; 66.5% The driving force of this shift is due to the fast and strong urbanization process, creating a driving force to promote the development of the tourism and commercial service industry b GRDP restructuring by economic sectors In recent years, the city's structure by economic sectors has also changed markedly between the state sector and the non-state sector The proportion of the state economic sector decreased rapidly, from 58.5% (2003) to 23.9% (2020), while the proportion of the non-state sector increased rapidly, from 23.9% to 56.0% , the foreign-invested sector also started to grow slowly from 7.4% to 9.9% in 2020 This shift proves that Urbanization has affected the wider participation of non-State economy sector 3.1.2 Urbanization affects the key economic sectors of Da Nang 3.1.2.1 Urbanization affects the development of tourism industry a Urbanization creates technical infrastructure and urban landscape for tourism - The process of urbanization fundamentally changes the infrastructure of the city, creating a fairly synchronous and modern infrastructure system such as road, automobile, railway, waterway, and road, aviation traffic systems connecting destinations and tourist areas in the city and connecting with tourist centers of neighboring provinces, creating favorable conditions for Da Nang tourism to attract domestic and foreign tourists (in 2019, welcomed 8.7 million visitors, of which nearly 5.2 million domestic tourists; more than 3.5 million international visitors) total revenue reached 8.7 trillion VND In 2020, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, all indexes decreased by only half of 2019 - Urbanization has created highlights on infrastructure and landscape for city tourism Da Nang is the buffer zone of world heritage areas: Hue, Hoi An and My Son Total revenue reached 8.7 trillion VND In 2020, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, all indexes decreased by only half of 2019 b Urbanization creates favorable conditions to attract many investment projects for Da Nang tourism Urbanization has contributed to attracting many investment projects for the construction of technical infrastructure for tourism In the period 2003 - 2020, many key projects have been completed and put into operation, greatly affecting tourism development The most typical projects are: - Investment projects in construction of technical infrastructure for tourism such as construction project of Ba Na Hills tourist area, Asia Park project, Than Tai hot spring park project, Mikazuki Da Nang water park project - Projects to build golf courses: such as the BRG Danang Golf Course project, the Ba Na Hills golf course project - Investment projects in the construction of accommodation and hotel facilities: a series of projects by domestic and foreign investors investing in the hotel sector such as: Large corporations such as Muong Thanh Group, French Hotel Group, AccorHotels, Latecomer Marriott, InterContinental Hotel Group of the UK Empire Group, Ascott Limited of Singapore, and Hilton Worldwide of the US This investment attraction has made the economic structure of the tourism industry both increase in quantity and change in quality, and change the face and enhance the competitiveness of tourism in attractive, friendly, safe destinations c Urbanization affects the planning and formation of tourist areas of the city The formation of urban functional zones has facilitated and promoted the planning of tourist spots, resorts and tourist routes: 14 - East Coast and Northwest Coastal Tourist Areas: The East coast has famous beautiful beaches such as My Khe, Bac My An, etc The Northwest coast has beaches such as Thanh Binh, Xuan Thieu, and Nam O Unique tourism products in these areas are swimming, sea sports, sightseeing and shopping - Son Tra peninsula tourist area: this is a nature reserve, around the peninsula there are many famous beautiful beaches such as Tien Sa, Bai But, Bai Rang, Bai Nam, so tourism develops with typical tourism products are high-class beach resorts, culinary culture and eco-tourism - Northwest tourist area: Ba Na - Nui Chua is a prominent tourist area, located at an altitude of 1489m, an average temperature of 18oC, is a national nature reserve, Ba Na Hills has become a tourist area Da Nang is famous for its diverse and unique products such as resort, eco-tourism, sightseeing, entertainment, and European and Asian cuisine - Ngu Hanh Son tourist area, this is a famous scenic spot with the complex of Marble Mountains, Non Nuoc beach and stone handicraft village Tourism products to visit Non Nuoc scenic spots and handicraft stone villages; resort, swimming, sea sports; spiritual tourism, 3.1.2.2 Urbanization affects the development of seaports a Impact on planning and construction of seaport technical infrastructure Since 2003, the city has implemented planning, rearranged port clusters, built seaport technical infrastructure so that Da Nang becomes the largest and most modern seaport city in the Central Vietnam Region - Central Highlands; increase capacity of cargo ships to 50,000 DWT, container ships of 2,500 Teus, passenger ships to 75,000 GRT; to build a synchronous port transport system that can be connected between roads and ports Thanks to the process of urbanization and modern urban planning, the city has planned into seaport clusters from 10 small ports, upgraded to a large and modern scale - Tien Sa port cluster: has been expanded, upgraded and modernized The port has successfully built a quality management system according to ISO 9001 – 2000, improving service quality for customers Since 2016, the port has been upgraded to become a "green port" to meet the increasing demands of the market Lien Chieu port cluster: is a small, specialized port, associated with Hoa Khanh and Lien Chieu industrial zones After completing the investment to expand this port cluster, it will take on two main functions: loading and unloading general cargo, container cargo and logistics services in the country, Southeast Asia and Asia - Pacific - Tho Quang port cluster: is a fishing port associated with Tho Quang boats, including a fishing port, a wholesale seafood market and an anchorage area to avoid storms, ensuring safety when sailing, and promoting the development of fisheries b Urbanization affects the formation and functional transformation of port clusters Urbanization has impacted the functional transformation of port clusters - Tien Sa Port is transformed from a cargo port into a tourist port This is a breakthrough in exploiting the strengths of tourism and seaports Tien Sa Port has a beautiful landscape, located close to Hoi An and My Son tourist areas of Quang Nam The process of urbanization has built a convenient transportation system from the port to tourist areas and resorts The port has built a passenger terminal, has a wharf for cruise ships, improved the quality of services, and closely coordinated with customs, police, port authorities and border guards to ensure the safety of passengers Although it has not become a specialized port for tourism, it has also attracted many domestic and foreign cruise ships to dock - Lien Chieu Port: undertakes the function of transporting goods and providing logistics services The city is investing in building infrastructure, technical facilities, warehousing systems and technological equipment, aiming to strongly develop seaport logistics services, exploiting the 15 potential of the post-Western Highlands, Laos, and Thailand, through the East-West Economic Corridor brings high value 3.1.2.3 Urbanization affects industrial development a Urbanization has a strong impact on the planning of concentrated industrial zones ((hereinafter referred to as Industrial Zone) - Before 2003, Da Nang City's Industry was not developed; there were Industrial Parks in the whole city Immediately after becoming a grade I city directly under the central government, the city focused on accelerating the process of industrialization Urbanization in this period strongly influenced the planning and construction of industrial zones The city determines the space for industrial zones located in the northwest and southwest of the city The construction of infrastructure, technical facilities for industrial zones is done quickly - By 2020, Da Nang has planned and built large concentrated industrial parks, High-tech Zone with an area of 970.50 put into operation and concentrated information technology zone located in a convenient location + The industrial zones include: Da Nang Industrial Park, Hoa Khanh Industrial Park, Lien Chieu Industrial Park, Da Nang Seafood Service Industrial Park, Hoa Cam Industrial Park, Expanded Hoa Khanh Industrial Park, Da Nang Hi-tech Zone, Da nang It Park Industrial parks have a complete and synchronous system of infrastructure and technical facilities according to the standards + The Information Technology Park is designed and built according to the "Silicon Valley" model of the United States, is one of the best Information Technology Centers in Asia, providing quality services and human resources, high quality and best IT products for the world b Urbanization affects structural changes within industry Urbanization has had a strong impact on the economic restructuring towards technology and modernization The city focuses on industrial development but does not conflict with tourism, focusing on technological innovation, developing clean industry, building ecological technology zones, ensuring sustainable development Accordingly, the structure of the industry within the industry has changed in the direction of: strengthening the development of industries with competitive advantages, high technology content and added value such as Industry - High technology, Industry Electronics - Informatics, auto parts, aerospace, etc To reduce the proportion of industries that rely on resource exploitation, industries that are at risk of causing environmental pollution such as metallurgy, cement production… The change in structure within the industry is in line with the general trend in the world, and to catch up with the trend of the 4.0 revolution, towards the goal of sustainable development for urban areas 3.1.2.4 Urbanization affects transport infrastructure a Urbanization affects the planning of major transport hubs of the city Urban transport development is a fundamental factor determining the future development of the city, the urbanization process of Da Nang has implemented the planning of traffic hubs, motorways, railways, waterways and roads, airline - For road traffic: Urbanization has carried out relocation and re-planning of Northern bus stations, new construction of Southern bus stations; associated with large and reputable transport units, providing nearly 100 bus routes to all provinces across the country and even to Laos; implementation of planning and construction of overpasses and underground tunnels, typically Hoa Cam overpass at Hoa Cam intersection, Hue bypass at Hue intersection, avoiding traffic jams and creating points Highlights and unique features for Da Nang city 16 - For waterway traffic: for river traffic, mainly on the Han River in the city center and Cu De River in the Northwest, serving domestic tourism; For sea traffic, it has been planned and built into three large port clusters: Tien Sa cargo port is being invested to gradually transform into a tourist port function; Lien Chieu port is a port for transporting goods and logistics services; Tho Quang port is a fishing and seafood service port, aiming to exploit the advantages of the sea - Da Nang International Airport - the main and important traffic hub of air traffic, to meet the needs of urban development, in 2016, the domestic terminal was renovated and upgraded, and the international terminal was built and put into operation in 2017 Da Nang International Airport has become a modern, beautiful airport urban, promoting the youthful, dynamic and creative image of Da Nang City to the world b Urbanization affects the construction of transport infrastructure connecting the region and the suburbs Da Nang has been identified as a driving force for socio-economic development of the Central Vietnam and Central Highlands key economic region, so in the process of Urbanization, Da Nang attaches great importance to " Development of transport infrastructure on creating a driving force for diffusion", build systems of railways, highways, waterways, and airways connecting each other, connecting in the region, connecting with the national and international transport system - Traffic is planned and connected along two main axes, the North - South axis connecting with all the provinces and cities in the Central Coast region of the North and the South; the EastWest axis, connecting with the Central Highlands provinces and from here, can connect with countries in the region to attract raw materials and goods from the regions and neighboring countries such as the Central Highlands, Laos, and the Northeast Thailand, Myanmar, through the road system, seaport and air route 3.2 Impact of Urbanization on social issues in Da Nang 3.2.1 Impact on urban employment issues 3.2.1.1 Urbanization impacts the city's labor force Urbanization affects the quantity and quality of labor employed in the economy The economic structure has shifted towards the direction of industry and service development, attracting laborers from rural areas and suburbs, from other provinces, making the number of workers increase continuously in the period from 2003 to 2020, from 2003 to 2020 355.8 thousand People (2003) to 534.4 thousand people (2020); The structure of the labor force working between the nonagricultural and non-agricultural sectors has also changed markedly: in 2003, the proportion of workers in the non-agricultural sector accounted for 79.1%, the agricultural sector accounted for 20.9%, until 2003 By 2020, the non-agricultural group will increase to 94.7%, the agricultural group to only 5.3% The main economic activities in urban areas are industry and service, so the proportion of workers in these two industries will increase from 79.1% in 2003 to 89.8% in 2020 The quality of labor has also increased to meet the requirements of urban economic sectors, reflected in the increasing proportion of trained and professionally qualified, trained workers account for 22.7%, by 2020 it will increase to 44.0%, of which 22.8% have university and postgraduate degrees, 8.7% college degrees, and 6.0% intermediate level and 6.6% elementary level, this rate is quite high compared to the national average Da Nang city has many preferential policies to attract qualified labor force from outside such as the policy of providing residential land and housing for people with PhD degrees, creating favorable conditions for qualified workers immigrated The change in quantity and quality of labor clearly shows the impact of Urbanization on labor in Da Nang City However, the labor restructuring also creates an imbalance in labor structure, labor shortage in rural areas, pressure on job creation and a number of social problems in the city 17 3.2.1.1 Urbanization affects job creation for labors The process of urbanization is taking place at a fast pace, non-agricultural economic sectors are developing strongly, labor demand and job creation are always urgent issues that need attention The city has set a goal of "3 yes" and has issued a project to create jobs for people of working age such as: organizing a periodic job fair to create a bridge between jobs and people; developing service industries such as tourism, commerce, industry, etc., on average, each year, creating new jobs for about 3.9 thousand workers, the unemployment rate gradually decreased, in 2019 it was only 3.5% However, by 2020, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, enterprises will face difficulties, the demand for labor will decrease significantly, the underemployment and unemployment rate will increase to 9.4% 3.2.2 Urbanization impacts on growth of GRDP per capita and people's living standards 3.2.2.1 Impact on growth of per capita income Urbanization is an important factor contributing to the monthly growth of the State Budget Due to the improvement of social labor productivity of economic sectors, the city's monthly unemployment rate increased rapidly, from an average of 1.0 million VND/month/person (2003) to 5.3 million VND/month/person, ranked 6th out of 63 provinces and 3rd/5th in centrally run cities 3.2.2.2 Impact on people's lives - Urbanization and urban development in a sustainable way to improve people's living standards Da Nang city has implemented many programs such as: “5 no, yes, safe” The scale of GRDP in 2020 increased more than 11 times compared to 2003, the average GRDP/person increased - Urbanization has had a strong impact not only on economic activities but also on society and people's lives By 2020, there will be no poor households according to the old standards, the poverty rate according to the city's multi-dimensional approach will be reduced to 2.04%; the social security programs are implemented effectively, workers have houses, students have dormitories; the care and protection of people's health is concerned 100% of wards and communes meet national standards of health, 98.9% of children under year old are fully vaccinated; health insurance coverage rate reaches 99%; education and training are taken care of, 56/56 wards and communes meet the standards of universalization of secondary education; strongly apply Science, Technology and Information Industry in education; essential conditions for life are ensured, the percentage of households using clean water accounts for 99.5%, 100% of households have access to electricity; cultural life is enhanced, urban civilization 3.2.2.3 Urbanization has a positive impact on the lives of people located in urban embellishment and resettlement areas - Living conditions of households in urban embellishment areas: Living conditions of households after urban refurbishment are compared with living conditions before refurbishment: out of criteria on living conditions, criteria includes infrastructure, landscape, environment, and comfortable, over 90% of households think it's better; criteria of housing, business, employment, and income conditions, more than 80% of households think that it has not changed, there is no worse criterion - Living conditions of households that have to be relocated to resettlement areas: The living conditions of households after coming to the resettlement area compared with the living conditions of the old place, showing: criteria on housing conditions, infrastructure, social environment, landscape, on 60% of households consider it better; criteria on employment, income and working 18 conditions, over 40% of households consider it unchanged, the proportion of criteria rated worse is low, less than 20% Chapter SOLUTIONS ON URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN DA NANG 4.1 Basis for proposed solution The solutions on Urbanization and its impact on Da Nang's socio-economic development in a reasonable and sustainable way proposed by the author based on the following bases: (1) Orientation of urbanization and socio-economic development of the Central Vietnam key economic region (2) Orientation of Urbanization and Socio-economic Development of Da Nang City to 2030 with a vision to 2045 - Orientation towards urban function - Urban socio-economic development orientation - Orientation on building urban infrastructure - Orientation towards urban space (3) The research results of the dissertation on of Urbanization and its impact on socioeconomic development of Da Nang City in 2003 – 2020 period 4.2 Urbanization solutions and impacts of urbanization on socio-economic development of Da Nang 4.2.1 Solutions for planning and designing urban space structures in harmony between modernity and tradition, with a unique identity 2.2.1.1 Urban design firstly focuses on "modernization" Modernization shows firstly building a synchronous and modern infrastructure and technical facilities system to create the highest utilities for people; The modern, large-scale architectural system with high-rise buildings, diverse in architecture, should be arranged in the city center area, with administrative, commercial, financial, banking and events, conference center, squares,… 4.2.1.2 Urban design should focus on the element of “traditional cultural identity" In the design planning, high-rise buildings should be planned in the city center, connected to the natural landscape and modern public transport system, without disputes with mountains, hills, rivers, lakes and sea The coastal areas need to create a scene of a bustling urban area on the wharf under the boat, tourism activities, festivals; cultural and social exchanges take place day and night on the river space to bring a identity unified and unique for urban areas; peri-urban areas for traditional cultural architecture, based on the strengths of the ecological region and the traditional experiences of the population to form traditional craft villages, flower villages, fruit and vegetable villages, to serve the needs of urban and tourism demand 4.2.2 Improve the quality of labor resources to carry out Urbanization and socio-economic development of the city - Complete the urban "Da Nang University Village", with a scale of 60,000 students and 3,500 staff and lecturers and an urban area of about 5,000 inhabitants for training and providing qualified human resources for the Central Viet Nam region - Central Highland provinces and the whole country 19 - Continuing projects on sending students to train at home and abroad; linking with the region and internationally in training, inviting experts, professors and researchers to cooperate in training human resources according to programs and projects with foreign countries to train human resources - There should be specific policies in vocational training, paying attention to the characteristics of the urbanized and professional areas Developing vocational training programs for students graduating from middle and high schools in association with the profession is the strength of the locality - Having a breakthrough policy to "bridge for talents", creating favorable conditions to attract high-quality human resources such as housing policies, housing land, jobs and salaries, initial funding support when move to 4.2.3 Strongly attract investment and effectively use investment capital for Urbanization and Socio-economic development The city needs many synchronous solutions to attract investment and effectively use investment capital - Continuing administrative reform, simplifying procedures, reducing costs for individuals, organizations and businesses in paperwork - Having appropriate mechanisms and policies to prioritize investment attraction such as policies on auction of land use rights, investment support management policies for industrial cluster development, etc - Need to diversify advertising channels to call for investment and approach investors, especially strategic key markets Promote cooperation with international organizations to promote and attract investment - Focus on attracting investment in strong and potential fields such as high-tech industry, tourism, seaports, High-tech applied agriculture creates jobs and changes the countryside 4.2.4 Building urban connection in the area and the region - First of all, it is necessary to quickly remove the barriers and disadvantages in transport infrastructure between localities in the region, and at the same time expand the connection with the South - North and international ends through the strategic transport network - In terms of economy, it is necessary to take advantage of the strength of regional linkages in the fields of public, agriculture, fishery, commercial services, higher education, especially, tourism and logistics services - In the field of tourism, must create a tourist city with the best technical infrastructure to attract tourists, become an attractive place for rest, entertainment, entertainment and relaxation; forming coastal tourist routes, connecting tourist ports; link and coordinate to build tours, tourist routes with the most unique products of neighboring localities - For logistics services, it is necessary to complete the infrastructure, physical and technical facilities for regional and local logistics centers; complete the highways that are the backbone of the region; simplifying customs procedures and applying technology in goods control 4.2.5 Building smart cities towards urban governance - Building a foundation for a smart city is a central data system that synchronizes the application; share data and resources from a central data storage system - Applying Information & Communication Technology thoroughly in all fields and activities of the city, especially in the fields of traffic, security and order, social safety and disaster prevention and rescue, health, electricity, water, education, environment 20 - Training and fostering high-quality human resources for the 4.0 revolution, towards 5.0 of the city - Moving from urban management to smart city management: 4.2.6 Building an environmentally friendly green city towards sustainable development - Urban planning should pay the most attention to the rational and most effective use of land; It is necessary to put the "green" factor on the top, create an airy, lively, peaceful urban image and maximize the values of nature, showing high aesthetics - Building a "Green Transport" system: urban development is associated with an environment-friendly transport system, focusing on building underground means of transport, vehicles using clean energy that not pollute the environment and non-energy vehicles such as bicycles, cyclos, walking, etc - Building the "Green Industry", which is an industry that mainly uses clean energy sources and advanced production technologies; the campus of industrial parks and industrial centers ensures the standard green area, and the environmental landscape ensures the health and spirit of employees - The planning and design of Architectural works in the city center or in hilly, riverside, coastal, lakeside areas need to make the most of the inherent natural elements such as terrain, forests and green trees, water surface and architecture, the colors of the works need to show close harmony with nature - In a green city, people and the natural environment are close and friendly The urban population community is both the person who performs the acts of preserving and protecting the environment and green space, and the person who inspects monitors and prevents activities that damage the environment or cause environmental pollution that is also the goal of sustainable urban development CONCLUSION 1.1Urbanization is an objective and inevitable development process of socio-economic development in each country in the world and each locality in each country Urbanization always entails changes in administration, population, labor, economy, culture, society, infrastructure and urban landscape 1.2 Urbanization in Da Nang has really developed rapidly and strongly since 2003 The process of urbanization has undergone two stages: the first stage is from 2003 to 2009, this is the stage of urban exploration and embellishment that takes place mainly in the central area of two districts: Hai Chau and Thanh Khe; the second stage is from 2010 to 2020, this is the period of expanding urban space, structure, design of functional areas, urban landscape to create a new shape The city is expanding in the main directions of West, Northwest, Southwest, South and Southeast The urbanization rate is high at nearly 40%, the urbanization rate and the urban population rate of Da Nang are always at the leading level in the country at 87.3% Urbanization in Da Nang has created a basic framework of fairly synchronous and modern infrastructure; the population and labor force increase rapidly; the economic structure, labor structure changes towards industrialization and modernization; the proportion of non-agricultural sectors is increasingly accounting for a high proportion in the economic structure; The average economic growth rate was quite high in the whole period (10%/year) The urban spatial structure of Da Nang has undergone a great change, from a provincial city, with an inner city area of only 5,600 hectares, to now, the area has increased four times (21,300 21 hectares), the spatial structure has been improved, clearly planned, the basic functional areas of the urban area such as administrative center, industrial park, high-tech zone, concentrated information technology zone, seaport clusters, tourist - commercial services, sports, culture and public services areas are clearly formed 1.3 Urbanization has had a strong impact on the socio-economic development of Da Nang City, changing urban functions and the development of economic sectors, promotes economic growth, the economic restructuring from agriculture to services and industry The structural transformation clearly shows the trend of urban development with integrated and sustainable functions; under the influence of urbanization, the economic sectors with outstanding strengths of the city were created the foundation of infrastructure, technical facilities for industries, seaports, tourism and services to develop in the direction of modernity and application of high technology; forming industrial zones, concentrated high-tech industrial parks, tourist areas that are both modern and harmoniously combined with nature; Urbanization has also fundamentally changed the material and spiritual life of urban residents, the average GRDP income per person in 2020 ranks 9th out of 63 provinces and 4th out of centrally-run cities but if calculating the average income/person/month, Danang city ranks 6th out of 63 provinces and ranks 3rd out of centrally-run cities 1.4 Although certain achievements have been achieved, urbanization in recent years has also revealed limitations in terms of effective use of urban land, spatial structure, and urban landscape structure that have not met the set expectations and not meet the standards of a sustainable urban development at national, regional and international levels 1.5 In order to overcome the limitations, towards building a high level of urbanization, exploiting comparative advantages, realizing the urbanization and socio-economic objectives set out in the Resolution of the Party Congress of the City by 2025 and by 2030, the dissertation has proposed solutions for urban construction and socio-economic development, so that Da Nang city becomes a modern city but still retains its traditional identity, sustainable harmony between economy - society – environment In the future to 2030, Da Nang urban area will develop according to typical urban areas: River and sea waterside areas; Green core zone in the city center; The hillside in the western mountainous region with functional zones and economic belts, turning Da Nang into a modern smart city, a green city on par with cities in Southeast Asia and the world Although certain achievements have been achieved, but the urbanization in recent years has revealed many limitations, has not met the set expectations and has not met the standards of a city of national, regional and international level Da Nang needs breakthrough and reasonable solutions to synchronously and effectively implement the strategy that the city has set out 22 LIST OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES No Name of Researches The impact of urbanization on the labor force of Da Nang city from 2005 to present Urbanization and tourism development in Da Nang city Urban heritage image based on destination brand personality: The case of Danang city, Vietnam, The second International Year 2016 Journal of Technology, Danang 2018 Yearbook of 10th National Geography Science Conference 2018 Conference on Marketing in the Connected Age (MICA-2018) Evaluating DaNang’S Natural Resources For Tourism To Build A Sustainable Tourism City Motivational factors to accelerate urbanization in Da Nang city Relationship between urbanization and tourism development of Da Nang city from 2003 to present Factors for Da Nang to become the driving force city of the Central Vietnam key economic region Urbanization and regional linkage in socioeconomic development of Da Nang city Ph.D Student.M.A Nguyen Dang Thao Nguyen - The formation and development of Da Nang port cluster in relation to the urbanization process of the city Name of the Journal Science and University of University of Economics – The University of Danang, Vietnam, 06/10/2018, ISBN: 978-604-843471-7 2019 Fall International Joint Conference 2019 9th East Asia Academic Exchange Forum 2020 Da Nang Socio-Economic Development Magazine No 124, 4.2020, ISSN 1859-3437 2020 Da Nang Socio-Economic Development Magazine No 128/8.2020, ISSN 1859 - 3437 2020 Scientific Journal of University of Education - University of Danang 38(02)-2020 2022 Da Nang Socio-Economic Development Magazine No 146, 02.2022, ISSN 1859-3437 2022 the Yearbook of 12th National Geographic Science Conference 2022, ISBN:978604-334-789-0 ... socio-economic development are mainly taken from Da Nang Statistical Yearbook in the period 2003 – 2020 Approach and research method 4.1 Approach method The dissertation has applied approach methods:... Urbanization in Da Nang City, analyze the reality of Urbanization in Da Nang City in the period 2003 – 2020, Assess qualitatively the impacts of Urbanization on socio-economic development of Da Nang... space; The set of criteria of the UN Organization - Habitat provides criteria with 23 indicators; Li – Yin Shen offers criteria with 127 indicators and many other evaluations by Wang Yeu, Vichit Lorchirachoonkul