xunt KHnu
NONG snN
vAo
cu
-
NHITNG TON
rni vfi Gim PHnp
TS.
Vu Thi Thoa
Hgc vien Chinh iri - Hdnh chinh quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
Trong nhiing nam
qua.
Dang va Nha
nude da tap trung dau tu cho
ITnh
vyc ndng
nghiep, ndng thdn de day manh cdng nghiep
hda, hien dai hda (CNH. HDH) ndng nghiep,
ndng thdn, nhdr dd chat lupng hdng ndng sdn
cua Viet Nam ngdy cdng dugc ndng eao, dap
ling yeu eau eua
hdi
nhap kinh te qudc te.
Hdi nhap kinh te qudc te da md ra ca hdi eho
hang ndng sdn Viet Nam cd mat dr nhieu
nudc tren the gidri vd gdp phdn tang thu
ngoai te de phdt trien ddt nuac. Trong ede
mat hang xudt khdu vdo thi trudng khu vyc
EU, hang ndng sdn Viet Nam ciing chiem
lugng rat ldn vd EU dugc danh gid
Id
thi
trudng tieu thy ldn nhat cua hdng ndng sdn
Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, de mdr rdng thi trudng
xuat khau cho ndng sdn Viet Nam ra thi.
trudng the gidi, dae biet la thi trudng EU,
can phdi cd cac gidi phdp cu the, thiet thye.
Bai viet tap trung nghien
eiiu
nhimg gidi
phap nhdm thiie ddy xudt khdu ndng sdn eiia
Viet Nam vdo thi trudng EU.
1.
NhCrag
quy dinh cua EU ve nhap
khau nongsan
Bk
tham gia
dngc
vdo thi trudng EU,
cae doanh nghiep xuat khdu ndng sdn eiia
Viet Nam khdng chi phdi ddi mat vdi nhimg
tieu chudn chung, md cdn phdi thda man
nhCrng quy dinh rieng
ciia
timg nha nhap
khau hang hda, bai
le
eae nha nhap khau van
ed the dua ra nhirng quy dinh rieng cho hang
hda trong he thdng phdn phdi
eiia
hp.
Hdng hda ndng san cua Viet Nam phdi
vugt qua dugc nhiing rdo can quy dinh ve
tieu chuan chat lupng vd an todn ve ve sinh
thye phdm mai cd khd nang tiep can dugc thi
trudng EU. Ben canh dd, EU cdn cd nhiing
tieu chudn dp dyng rieng cho mdi loai mat
hang, chang ban nhu: Mat hdng rau qud tuoi
yeu cdu phdi dat ehiing ehi chat lugng GAP;
Mat hang thiiy sdn yeu cdu phdi dat chung
nhan chat lugng do Cue Quan ly An todn ve
sinh va Thu y thuy sdn (NAFIQUAVED)
cap,
mat hang lam sdn, dd gd phdi cd ehiing
ehi rimg do Hdi ddng Qudn li Rimg Qudc te
(FSC - Forest Stewardship Council) cap. Dae
biet, ddi vai ede mat hdng thyc phdm, doanh
nghiep xudt khdu phdi cung cdp ddy
dii
thdng
tin vl ngudn gdc, thdnh phdn, hdm lupng
dinh duong ciing nhu hudng ddn each sir
dung. Ddi vdi nhimg mat hdng dd dimg phdi
cdng bd ddy
dii
cdc chi tieu ve cdc nguyen
lieu sir dung trong sdn xudt vd
miic
dp dnh
hudng
din siic
khde ngudi tieu dimg. Ngodi
ra, thi trudng EU cdn cd nhimg yeu cdu khdt
24
NGHIEN CLTU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°l2 (1
Z'^i.iOU
khe ca vc hinh thirc, nhan mac, bao bi
ciia
san pham xuat khau.
2.
Nhung
tontai trong
vivc
xuat khau
hang nong
siin
Vict Nam vaoEU
Thu-
nhdt. lucmg hang ndng san
ciia
Vict Nam xudt khauvaoEU lorn nhung gia
tri xuat khau khdng cao, bdi le ndng san xuat
khdu chil
yju
dudi dang thd. Chang ban, ddi
vdi mat hang ca phe, Vict Nam xuat khau
khoang
I
trieu tan ea phe moi nam, dirng
hang thir hai tren the gidi, nhung kim
ngach
xuat khau chi dirng
ihir
lu. Hicn tai chi ed
khoang 10% lugng ea phe dugc phdn loai
theo tieu chuan khi xudt khau. edn lai deu
xudt khau d dang thd nen thudng bi thua
thiet ve gia.
Thir hai. cac mat hang ndng san xuat
khau chil lyc
eiia
Viet Nam vao thj trudrng
EU deu chua chu trpng dau tu eho viec xay
dyng thuang hieu, nen gia tri xuat khdu
khdng eao. Vi du, che
eiia
Tdy Ban Nha ban
tren san giao dich a nuac nay vai gia 3,7
USD/kg, trong khi dd che xanh
eiia
Viet
Nam chua duge
I
USD/kg.
Vi the, tham gia vdo thi trudng EU, viec
xdy dyng thuong hieu cho eae sdn phdm
ndng nghiep
chii
lyc cua Viet Nam
Id
mgt
trong nhCrng viec ldm edn thiet vd cdp bach
hien nay.
Thd ba, cdc doanh nghiep ehe bien
ndng san chua cd sy lien ket hgp tdc de ddu
tu eho viec ndng cap cdng ngh? che bien,
nen khdng nhCrng sd lugng doanh nghiep che
bien thi nhieu, nhung chdt lugng che
bien
thap,
md cdn gay ra linh trang tranh chdp ve
nguyen
li?u
che bien.
Cd
Ibl
lay mdt sd vi du: Ddi vdi ngdnh
che
Vipt
Nam, moi ndm xuat khau khoang
100.000 xin che nhung cd tai 625 doanh
nghiep
tham gia che biln, nhung chat lugng
vd thuong bicu van chua ddm bdo nen gid trj
xudt khau van khdng cao. Doi vai mat hang
cd phe, rieng linh Lam Dong, tdng so nha
may cbl biln ed phe da vugt qua
1,5
lay san
lugng, gdy ra tranh chap viing
nguyen
lieu,
them vdo dd, phan Idn cd phe xuat khau tho
nen da sd nha may che bicn lrong nude bj
thieu nguyen lieu, chi boat ddng dudri 50%
cdng sudt hien hdnh.
Thir
tir,
\
ice
ddu tu xdy dyng cdc kho
chiia vd bdo qudn cac mat hang ndng san
xuat khdu chu lyc cdn chua dugc quan tdm,
nen da xdy ra tinh trang bj ep gid.
Theo thdng ke cua Bd Ndng nghiep va
Phdt trien Ndng thdn, chi rieng ddi vai mat
hang
g^o
moi ndm cd nuac thu hoach 38
trieu ldn, nhung he thdng kho chiia chi du
sire cho hai
tri?u
tdn. Do dd, neu khdng co
bien phdp ndng cdp cdc kho chiia vd bao
qudn thde gao, cdc doanh nghiep xudt khau
gao ludn a trong tdm trang lo ldng khi khdng
xudt khdu dugc gao, hon niia lai phdi trd lai
cho ngdn hdng nen ddnh phdi ban vai gia
thap do hi doi tdc nuac ngodi ep gid.
3.
MQt
so, giaiphap de cac doanh
nghidp
xuat khaunong san
Vi^t
Nam co
the tham nhap vdo thi
truong
EU
Gfjudft Idtdu tt&ttq
sdn
25
Mdt la, Nhd nuac can ho trg eho cae
doanh nghiep xuat khau ndng sdn nam bat
kip thdri cac thdng tin ve thj trudng EU.
Thdng qua eae phuang tien thdng in dai
chiing, cac ldp tap hudn ve ky thuat, Nha
nude can cung cap kjp thdri cho eac doanh
nghiep ehe bien ndng sdn xuat khauva ndng
dan biet duge eae quy dinh, lieu chuan
eiia
EU dp dung eho hang ndng sdn, ddng thdri
yeu eau hp thyc hien nghiem tue nhiing quy
djnh nay.
Hai la, Nhd nude can hd trg cdc doanh
nghiep ehe bien ndng san xuat khau dau tu
cdn]
nghe ehe bien ndng san dam bdo eae
tieu chuan ve chat lugng va an todn ve sinh
1 thye pham, ddng thdri
ehii
y tai viec thiet lap
1 he thdng xir ly chat thai hien dai, khdng lam
( d
nhi em moi
trudng.
Eau tu cdng nghe ehe bien ndng sdn
)
xuat
kliau
ddm bdo cdc tieu chudn ve chdt
1 lugng vd an loan ve sinh thyc phdm ddi hdi
•^
vdn Idn, do dd, ben canh sy nd lye eua eac
( doanh nghiep can ed sy hd trg
eiia
Nhd nudc
^
ve vdn mdi cd the dap img duoc yeu eau ddi
I
mdi cdng nghe. Ddng thdri, cdc doanh nghiep
( ehe bien ndng sdn xuat khdu can cd sy lien
1
ket, hgp tdc vai nhau de ddu tu, ddi mai cdng
r nghe nhdm ndng cao chat lupng sdn phdm vd
r nang cao
siie
eanh tranh cua hang ndng sdn
>
xudt khdu vdo thi trudng EU. Han
chi
xuat
1
khau thd, trdnh tinh trang cd qud nhieu doanh
r nghiep cbl biln ndng sdn xudt khdu ma gid
t trj xuat khdu thdp, tranh chdp lan nhau dl
r mdt thj trudng.
Ba la, Nhd nuac can hd trg cae doanh
nghiep che bien ndng san xuat khau trong
viec ed duge cae chirng chi cdng nhan dat
cac tieu chuan quy djnh
ciia
EU.
Day chinh la dieu kien eho hp ed giay
thdng hdnh can thilt de de dang tham nhap
vao thj trudng EU. Ben canh sy ed gang
ciia
cae doanh nghiep, Nhd nuac can ho trg eae
doanh nghiep tiep can thdng tin, cac thu tuc
can thiet, ddo tao ngudn nhan lye eho doanh
nghiep dap
iing
yeu cau sir dung cdng nghe
hien dai trong che bien ndng san xuat khau.
Bon la, cdc doanh nghiep che bien ndng
san xudt khau vdo EU can dae biet ehii y tai
xay dyng thuang hieu cho san pham
eiia
minh.
Viec xdy dyng thuong hieu cho san
phdm ndng sdn xuat khau
Id
can thiet va cap
bach ddi vai cae doanh nghiep tham gia xuat
khdu ndng sdn vdo EU. Bdri mdt mat, EU cd
nhung yeu eau rdt khdt khe ed ve hinh thiic,
nhan mac, bao bi cua sdn pham xuat khau;
Mat khac, hdng ndng sdn Viet Nam ehu yeu
xuat khdu dang thd vdo thj trudng EU, neu
ehi dimg lai
dr
xuat khau sdn pham thd thi se
khdng the cd dugc thuang hieu ma thj
trudng the giai biet den. Do dd, cac doanh
nghiep xudt khdu ndng sdn can phdi ddu tu
cho cdc boat ddng qudng bd tiep can thj
trudng vd ddi mdi boat ddng sdn xudt cua
doanh nghiep dl xdy dyng duge thuang hieu,
vi khi sdn phdm cd thuong hieu thi gid trj
hdng hda se dugc ndng len cao ban.
26
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°12 (13 ^11
Nam la, Chinh quyln dja phucng
cQng
nliu
eac ngdnh chirc ndng can xdc djnh dugc
the manh
eiia
minh de xdy dyng duge chien
luge phat trien sdn pham ndng
nghipp
xual
khau
ciia
tinh, ngdnh.
Vi?c
xac djnh the
m^nh
ciia
tinh, ngdnh
dc xay chien
luge
phat trien san pham ndng
nghiep, dae biet Id cdc ndng san xuat khau,
ddng vai trd rat quan trgng trong
vipe
dau tu
cho phat trien ndng sdn a cd ngdn ban vd ddi
han. Bdi le, ndng ddn
ihudrng
quan tdm
t6i
lgi ieh trudc mdt, hg sdn sdng phd bd nhirng
cay trdng, vat nudi chua mang lai Igi ieh
ngay eho minh. Do dd, tren ca sa chiln
luge
da xay dyng, Nhd nuac vd chinh quyen dja
phuang can cd kl hoach ddu tu vd ho trg
ndng dan thyc hien chien luge dl dat
hipu
qua eao trong sdn xudt ndng nghiep, ban cbl
dugc tinh trang phd cdy ng, trdng cay kia vd
khi dugc
miia
md sdn pham van khdng bdn
dugc.
Ddu tu cho phdt trien sdn phdm ndng
nghiep xudt khdu can
chii
y tdi ndng cao chat
lugng, hieu qud sdn xudt dat tieu chudn md
cdc thj trudng
thi
gidi quy djnh, ddc biet
Id
cdc quy djnh cua EU vl xudt khdu hang ndng
sdn, cd nhu vdy
m6i
tdng dugc gid trj cua
ndng sdn xuat khdu cua
Vipt
Nam tren thj
trudng
thi
giai.
Sdu
Id,
cdc doanh nghiep
chi
bien ndng
sdn
xu^t
khdu can chii y t6i
vipe
xdy dyng
cdc kho luu
giO'
vd bdo qudn sdn pham.
Vipc
xdy dyng cdc kho
luu
giCr vd bao
qudn sdn pham, mgt mdt gdp phan quan
trgng vdo ndng cao chat lugng san phdm,
gidm ton that sau thu hoach, mdt khac giiip
doanh
ngbipp
cd the thu mua ndng sdn vdo
miia
vy kjp thdi eho ndng dan,
chii
dpng
lrong
vi^c
dy
trii
nguyen
lipu
cho che bien va
xudt khau ndng sdn.
Tdi lifu tham khao
1.
Nghich ly gid ndng sdn Viet tgi EU.
httpy/vneconomy.vn/61474P0C10/nghich-ly-gia-
nong-san-viet-tai-eu.htm
2.
Xudt khdu ndng sdn vdo EU:. Thi
trudng ldn nhung vdo khdng di.
http
://vietbao.
vn/Ki
nh-te/Xuat-khau-nong-
san-vao-EU-Thi-truong-lon-nhung-vao-
khong-de/45117436/87/
3.
Ndng cao gid tri ndng sdn xudt
khdu? •
- Mgnh
-yeu
d ddu?
http://giacaphe.com/16273/nang-cao-
gia-tri-nong-san-xuat-khau-manh-yeu-o-dau/
4.
Nhiiu khd khdn khi xudt khdu ndng
sdn vdo EU
http://www.sggp.org.
vn/nongnghiepkt/2
011/4/254651
. vn/Ki
nh-te/Xuat-khau-nong-
san-vao -EU- Thi-truong-lon-nhung-vao-
khong-de/45117436/87/
3.
Ndng cao gid tri ndng sdn xudt
khdu? •
- Mgnh
-yeu
d ddu?.
http://giacaphe.com/16273/nang-cao-
gia-tri-nong-san-xuat-khau-manh-yeu-o-dau/
4.
Nhiiu khd khdn khi xudt khdu ndng
sdn vdo EU
http://www.sggp.org.
vn/nongnghiepkt/2