Method of the research EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Supervisor Ms Nguyễn Thị Minh Huệ Group 2 K18C Dương Thị Tâm Nguyễn Thị Tâm Trần Thị Thu Trang (1986) Outline of the presentation Overview of Experimental Research Analysis of an Experimental Research sample Conclusion 1 Overview of Experimental Research 1 1 What is Experimental Research? 1 1 2 Types of Experimental Research 2 1 3 Components of an Experimental Research 3 1 4 Some noticeable statistical concepts and terms 4 1 Overview of Experimental R.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Supervisor : Ms Nguyễn Thị Minh Huệ Group K18C: Dương Thị Tâm Nguyễn Thị Tâm Trần Thị Thu Trang (1986) Outline of the presentation Overview of Experimental Research Analysis of an Experimental Research sample Conclusion Overview of Experimental Research 1.1 What is Experimental Research? 1.2 Types of Experimental Research 1.3 Components of an Experimental Research 1.4 Some noticeable statistical concepts and terms Overview of Experimental Research 1.1 What is experimental research? An experimental research is: a controlled look at nature (McDonough J.& McDonough S., 1997) an attempt to maintain over all factors that may affect the result of an experiment (James P., 1997) the effects of specified and controlled treatments given to subjects usually formed into groups (Selinger & Shohamy, 2000) Experimental research is carried out to explore the strength of relationships between variables (Nunan, 1992) 1.2 Types of Experimental Research 1.3 Components of an Experimental Research Research questions Literature review Hypothesis & focused question Variables 1.4 Some noticeable statistical concepts and terms Mean: - The average of a set of scores - The central tendency of the scores Standard deviation (SD) (Nunan: 1992) - The most important measure of dispersion - The extend to which a set of the scores varies in relation to mean - Calculating : 1) Deducting the mean from each individual score 2) Squaring the resulting figures to get rid of minus signs 3) Adding these together and dividing by the total scores minus one → Variance 4) Obtaining the square root of the figure → SD Score Score - Mean Squares of figures in 2nd column 4-4=0 02 = 2–4=-2 (-2)2 = 6–4=2 22 = 5-4=1 12 = 3 – = -1 (-1)2 = Variance = 10 / (5 – 1) =2.5 = 10 Mean =(4+2+6+5+3) / =4 SD = √2.5 = 1.58 1.4 Some noticeable statistical concepts and terms Standard error: - The standard deviation of sample means: placing a single sample mean in relation to the population mean - Calculating: Dividing SD of a single sample by the square root of the number of observations in the sample (N) SE = SD : √ N T- test: the test to compare two means (2 groups) Control group: the group under normal situation Experimental group: the group under experimental condition Outline of the presentation Overview of Experimental Research Analysis of an Experimental Research sample Conclusion Analysis of the research report sample 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Method 2.3 Results 2.4 Discussion/ Conclusion 2.5 References, Notes, or Footnotes and Appendices Discussion/ conclusion Is the original research question answered? Is there an explanation of why the results were as they were? If the conclusion is based on the previous research, is it well-supported and reasoned? Are the suggestions for further research provided? Is the original research question answered? • Yes Research question Answer Is sentence-making practice (as a contextualizing technique) superior to rote memorization of word lists (as a decontextualizing technique)? Rote memorization of word lists as a decontextualizing or direct technique of vocabulary teaching/learning is better than sentence-making practice as a contextualizing or indirect technique, particularly for learners at the beginning levels of language instruction Is there an explanation of why the results were as they were? • Yes There are some reasons to explain for the lower performance of the control group They could not recall the meanings of the words which is a basic requirement for making sentences using such words Students usually copy sentences from dictionaries when they are assigned to make sentences based on vocabulary items They not actually make sentences to have real practice in sentence-making (crowdedness of class and teacher’s ignorance) If the conclusion is based on the previous research, is it well-supported and reasoned? • The conclusion is well-supported and reasoned Firstly, the researcher mentioned some research findings in the literature review part Then, in the conclusion part, he proved his research results in agreement with some of them “The results of this study are in line with that of Qian (1996) who suggests that for some language learners decontextualized L2 vocabulary learning with feedback is more effective than contextualized vocabulary learning without feedback ” Are the suggestions for further research provided? There is no suggestion for further study Analysis of the research report sample 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Method 2.3 Results 2.4 Discussion/ Conclusion 2.5 References, Notes, or Footnotes and Appendices References, notes, footnotes, appendices Are all the references cited in the text included? Are any pertinent/relevant references missing? Are there any appendices? Are all the references cited in the text included? • There is one reference used in the research but not cited in the references “Meara (1995, cited in Critchley 1998)” • Are any pertinent references missing ? No • Are there any appendices? No appendices The researcher should include the appendices (pretest, posttest…) Outline of the presentation Overview of Experimental Research Analysis of an Experimental Research sample Conclusion Conclusion • The true- experiment and its variants, the preexperiment and quasi- experiment are important tools in language study, and they have added significantly to our knowledge of language learning, teaching and use • Experiments are designed to collect data in such way that threats to the reliability and validity of the research are minimised Conclusion With totorial 2, we could: - Interpret the Experimental research (subjects, materials, procedures, critical points…) - Analyze the Research sample - For further purpose, conduct an experimental research References • • • • McDonough, J., & McDonough, S (1997) Research methods for English language teachers London: Arnold Nunan (1992/CUP/), Research Methods in Language Learning, p24-50, Cambridge Saeed M., A Comparison of the Effects of two Vocabulary Teaching Techniques, The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly, June 2008, Volume 10, Issue Selinger, H.W., Shohamy, E (1989) Second Language Research Methods, Oxford University Press ... the presentation Overview of Experimental Research Analysis of an Experimental Research sample Conclusion Overview of Experimental Research 1.1 What is Experimental Research? 1.2 Types of Experimental. .. Research 1.3 Components of an Experimental Research 1.4 Some noticeable statistical concepts and terms Overview of Experimental Research 1.1 What is experimental research? An experimental research. .. situation Experimental group: the group under experimental condition Outline of the presentation Overview of Experimental Research Analysis of an Experimental Research sample Conclusion Research