Slide 1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS Supervisor Ms Nguyễn Thị Minh Huệ Group 3A Đỗ Thị Hồng Diệp (k18A) Lê Ngọc Hân (k18A) Trần Thị Thu Hiền (k18A) Nguyễn Thị Hồng Minh (k18B) RESEARCH METHODS IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS (ENG6005) Lecture 1 1 Definitions and aims of a research 2 Social science and social reality the truth 3 A model of research process 4 Terms in applied linguistics research 5 Reference 6 Conclusion OUTLINE What is research? 1 Definitions and aims of a research 1 1.
RESEARCH METHODS IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS (ENG6005) Lecture INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS Supervisor: Ms.Nguyễn Thị Minh Huệ Group 3A: Đỗ Thị Hồng Diệp (k18A) Lê Ngọc Hân (k18A) Trần Thị Thu Hiền (k18A) Nguyễn Thị Hồng Minh (k18B) OUTLINE Definitions and aims of a research 2.Social science and social reality-the truth 3.A model of research process Terms in applied linguistics research Reference 6.Conclusion What is research? Definitions and aims of a research 1.1.Definitions: Research is the process of going up alleys to see if they are blind (Marston Bates, American writer) Research is what I am doing when I don’t know what I am doing (Von Braun, American engineer) If you steal from one author, it’s plagiarism; if you steal from many, it’s research (Wilson Mizner, American dramatist) Definitions and aims of a research 1.1.Definitions: Research is a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding (Cambridge Dictionaries Online ) Research is about asking and beginning to answer questions, seeking knowledge and understanding of the world and its processes (Wisker,The Postgraduate Hanbook, 2001, p.114) Research is systematic and controlled Research is empirical and research is self-correcting (Cohen, Research Methods in Education, 2007, p.7) Definitions and aims of a research Research is a systematic process of inquiry consisting of three 1.1.Definitions: elements or components: a question, problem, or hypothesis, data analysis and interpretation of data (Nunan, Research Methods in Language Learning,1992, p 3) Definitions and aims of a research 1.2 Aims Solve problems, verify the application of theories, and lead on to new insights get a result with scientific methods objectively, not subjectively Prove/disprove new or existing ideas to characterize phenomena and to achieve personal and community aims Enlighten both researcher and any interested readers Definitions and aims of a research 1.2 Aims Prove/disprove, demystify, carry out what is planned, to support the point of view, to uncover what is not known, satisfy inquiry Discover the cause of a problem and find the solution to a problem Gather and analyze a body of information or data and extract new meaning from it or develope unique solutions to problems or cases Report or review, not designed to create new information or insight but to collate and synthesize existing Definitions and aims of a research Title : Using 1.3.An dictation analysis of a model to improve Language Proficiency research Source: 2008 Journal, Volume 10, issue 1, March 2008, www.asianefl-journal.com Author : Mohammad Rahimi Shiraz University www.themegallery.com Company Logo The model research What are objectives ? How are these objectives achieved? Terms with illustrations from applied linguistics research Reductive -reduce the confusion of facts that language and language teaching frequently present, sometimes on a daily basis -Through doing and reading such study you may discover new patterns in the facts.( David Nunan, p9) -The possibility of establishing patterns and relationships among individual variables, facts, and observable phenomena in a research Reductive illustration Reductive is in analyses parts, in tables and figure, conclusion Terms with illustrations from applied linguistics research Qualitative Qualitative illustration The result advocates use of qualitative methods connected with understanding human behaviour from the actor’s own frame of reference.( David Nunan, p4) -the virtue of the researcher being a participant in the situation being researched as compared to an “objective” outsider - a researcher who takes a role within the community being studied Terms with illustrations from applied linguistics research Quantifiable Quantifiable illustration Ten tables -Each datum must be a number that represents some well- defined quantity, rank or category (David Nunan, p13) -involves the quantification of some information to cover the contents of the study Terms with illustrations from applied linguistics research Quantitative Quantitative illustration Ten tables to comment -advocates use of quantitative methods, seeks facts or causes of social phenomena without regard to the subjective states of the individuals.( David Nunan, p 4) -constructs are measured using techniques that yield numerical results These numbers, which are assumed to represent the construct, are then analyzed (p53, chapter 3, Approaches to Research) Terms with illustrations from applied linguistics research Psychometric Psychometric illustration Hypothesis and test procedure -seek to determine language gains from different methods and materials from the use of “experimental method”.( David Nunan, p 3) -concerned with the theory and technique of educational and psychological measurement.hological measurement Terms with illustrations from applied linguistics research Primary data -basing on primary sources of information -a totally new set of data about a question nobody had thought of before (McDonough, J & S McDonough, 1997, p59) Primary data ( Introduction) Lado considers dictation as having very little value in testing the language He believes that since everything is dictated to the learner, dictation cannot measure any aspect of the language Harris (1965), too, rejects dictation as an “uneconomical” and “imprecise” technique of language testing Somaratne (1957) goes even further and considers it as just a test of spelling Finally, Stanfield (1985) rejects using dictation as a test of foreign language proficiency due to its strong association with the Grammar Translation Method Secondary data summarized or collected from existing data basing on the secondary sources of information such as from previous research reports, newspapers, books Terms with illustrations from applied linguistics research Social realty -Ontogogical assumptions (Social reality external to individuals; social reality is the product of individual consciousness) and -Espistemological assumptions Social realty Ontological assumptions -Stanfield (1985) mentions that since in dictation the learner employs more than one faculty, he is more successful in internalizing the language -Pappas (1977) considers dictation as a good means of developing learners’ listening comprehension -Oller and Streiff (1975) believe that as dictation triggers the internalized expectancy grammar of the learner, it can give us information about his overall language proficiency Espistemological assumptions -The results of the study, to some extent, support those of Valette (1964) and Morris (1983), since they claimed that practice with dictation helps learners improve their language proficiency -The results of the present study lend support to the above hypothesis which implies that a teaching technique may show its effects in the long run Variable - Something that may vary, differ over time and among individuals For examples in the concerned articles English teacher qualification standards vary from skills, knowledge and awareness Reference •Cohen, L., et al 2007 Research Methods in Education • London and New York: Routledge (P 5- 47) •Nunan D 1992 Research Methods in Language Learning •Cambridge: CUP (P - 23) •Brown, J.D & Rodgers, T.S., 2002, Doing Second Language Research, •Oxford: OUP (P 3-18) •http://asian-efl-journal.com/March_08_mr.php •http://faculty.babson.edu/krollag/org_site/org_theory/Scott_articles/burrell_ morgan.html Methods of Education research Olatokunbo.S,Ph.s Faculty Associate John Hopkins University 6.Conclusion: If the the research is understood and done well, it can contribute a lot to the quality of teaching and learning now, and it can enhance both teachers’ professionalism and students’ varied learning in terms of selected approaches used in education ...OUTLINE Definitions and aims of a research 2.Social science and social reality-the truth 3.A model of research process Terms in applied linguistics research Reference 6.Conclusion What is research? ... research? Definitions and aims of a research 1.1.Definitions: Research is the process of going up alleys to see if they are blind (Marston Bates, American writer) Research is what I am doing when... and research is self-correcting (Cohen, Research Methods in Education, 2007, p.7) Definitions and aims of a research Research is a systematic process of inquiry consisting of three 1.1.Definitions: