Introduction to mangrove forests

Happy group TOPIC: MANGROVE FORESTS Tutor: Assoc Prof Dr NGUYEN XUAN CU Main contents: I Conspectus about mangroves forest II Real situations and consequences and impacts on mangrove forests III Causes and solutions IV Conclusion I Conspectus about mangroves forest Definition Mangroves forest is a kind of forest which distribute near river mouth, inshore when tide, trees forest will be underwater a part or whole However, when low tide, they appear on the wasteland There, plants have a big fasciculate root Can Gio forest Sac forest in Can Gio U Minh Ha forest Distribution • The mangroves forest account for 12.3% on the surface of the earth (approximately 137760 km2) • According to Science Daily, the mangroves forest was found over 118 countries and territorial regions In there Asia make up 42%, Africa with 21%, North and Mid America account for 15%, Ocean 12%,and last one South America 11% • The mangroves forest often distribute in coastal, where pile up soft sediment We can see them in river mouth and along sea mouth There , plants make up three fourths tropical and subtropical coast Distribute forest in Can Gio- Viet Nam Characteristic • Animals-plants system in mangroves forest is very diversified and rich The mangroves forest in Southeast Asia is the most multiform in the world with 46 plants species in 17plant family and about 158 animal species live on there The mangroves forest is a big house in which almost creature live contain terrestrial and underwater Poor people’s awareness make a lot of action lead to Environmental pollution as soil, water consequence, trees and organism in the forest die; affecting the forest ecosystem - population growth deforestation to make a living People not have experience and techniques of planting and forest protection -Waste water discharge containing toxic chemical from shrimp swamps to mangrove To make dead trees and organism Some management make equivocal -screen an erring subordinate official Measures to protect mangrove forests: Education and raising awareness of people about the measures to protect mangroves forests HSBC employees Vietnam to participate in planting mangove mangrove area in BinhDai district, Ben Tre province (Photo provided by HSBC Vietnam) Mangrove reforestation in Thanh Hoa Local planing and exploitation of aquaculture and seafood properly: Sustainable development of shrimp farming in Cuu Long River Delta • Effective protection of aquatic model communitybased Rise awareness for managers and people about the role, big values of mangroves forests: a harmonious co-ordination between agencies: PEMSEA:partnerships in Evironmental management for seas of East Asia The main purpose are: • Raising public awareness and understanding of coastal and marine environmental and resource management issues and processes • Utilization of science and traditional knowledge in decision-making processes • Mobilization of governments, civil society and the private sector utilizing innovative communication methods storage and maintenance of capital genes in mangroves trees, especially rare tree!! some plants have been unraveling in the system tree nurseries and are cared for * Some species need to be preserved as Chùm Lé- the only species in the mangroves Forest in Bac Lieu Viet Nam’s RED BOOK of endangered groups threatened by reduction being distributed and where they reside * In addition, the region also has some very rare plants need to conserved are: Bần Chua, Bần ổi, Đưng, Xa Sung and so on… IV Conclusion Today, mangrove forests have many important role in our life However, total of these area are decreasing rapidly Thus, all of people should protect our environment especially mangrove forests together The members of group • • • • • • • Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh Ngo Thi Huyen Tran Vu Diem Huyen Dao Thi Hue Nguyen Thi Hang Vu Thi Hanh Nguyen Thi Minh Trang thanks [...]... situation of mangrove forest and consequences and impacts on environment 1 Real situation of mangrove forests According to UNEP, the mangroves forests are disappearing with rapid speed: 20% of mangrove forests worldwide in the world (about 35,500 km2) have been lost since 1980 The mangrove forests destruction occurred more 4 times faster than any other kind of forest destruction Under 7% of mangrove. .. have to spend a part of their life cycle in the mangroves forest Some crustacean such as crabs ,lobsters are also diversified Their life close –knit with mangroves forest They was born in ocean ,their larva move on mangroves forest • Many kind of soft body animal often was seen at foot of tree of mangroves forest • Some kind of bird come mangrove forests to search for food or to shelter 4.Role of mangroves... The percentages of original mangroves forests lost per year: • • • • • Asia: 1.52% Africa: 1.25% Australia: 1.99% America: 3.62% The world: 2.07% The figures above will continue to increase in the future The disappearance of mangrove forests reduced to 0.7% out of a year now, but scientists insist that mangrove forest is still being seriously threatened • In 1943, Viet Nam’s mangrove forest area was... primary forest remains at about 8% compared to 50% of the countries in the region •More countries are now recognizing the importance of mangroves forests and making an efforts to conserve and better manage them • Currently, many countries in the world and Viet Nam are trying to protect, restore and preserve mangrove forest • However, forest conservation measures to not really be effective, those which... terrestrial •Declining mangrove forest coverage, mangrove forest was divided and scattered into many small part • Ecological imbalance  Soil environment • Reduce silt deposition process for land • The purpose of land use to other activities to make degraded land, abandoned land incapable of cultivation and aquaculture, or very slow recovery • Soil environment contaminated due to chemical processes... threatened • In 1943, Viet Nam’s mangrove forest area was over 400,000 ha, decreased to 290,000 ha until 1996 and remained about 150,000 ha in 2006 •The coastal mangrove forests are severely degraded 80% areas reduction at rate of 3% (15,500 hectares) per year Some places as Ninh Hoa, Van Ninh (Khanh Hoa), over 200 ha of mangrove forests was almost completely disappeared • Recently, the forest area has increased... measures in the economic development issues associated with protecting the environment to sustainable development and the alleviation of poverty for coastal residents • The true value of mangrove forests and other wetland, which is significantly higher than other forest types, still estimated lowly and much remain to be done reduce the rate of loss 2 Consequences and impacts on environment  Ecological... large-scale, soil washed away due to rain • Disappearing and degenerating mangrove forest lead to desertification and barren land • Land is degenerated seriously Other consequences Global climate changes, global warming • When deforestation for aquaculture make increase the pressure on the environment and sustainability of aquatic farming systems for the protection ecosystem mangrove forest • ... mangroves forest According EO observatory of NASA The mangroves forest is one of form have high level biology on plannet and they are also specific ecosystem of tropical and subtropical coast They have some important value: Forest product value :coal, wood, food ,medicine Provide livelihood for resident who live near beach Make the climate equable Make effective shield when storm and tsunami attack Breeding