THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES NGUYEN MINH TUAN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF PHU THO PROVINCE IN THE DIRECTION OF LINKAGE AND INTEGRATION Program: Economic Management Code: 9.34.04.10 SUMMARY OF PH.D DISSERTATION Hanoi - 2022 The dissertation was completed at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences Supervisors: Prof Do Hoai Nam Assoc Prof Pham Trung Luong Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Nguyen Van Nam Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Tran Duc Hiep Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Nguyen Xuan Trung The dissertation will be defended at Graduate Academy Level Council of dissertation assessment at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi Time: ………… date ……… month …… … year 2022 The dissertation may be found at: - Vietnam National Library; Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Library Introduction Background and justification of the dissertation According to Resolution 08-NQ/TW and the Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy to 2030, approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No 147/QD-TTg dated 22 January 2020, the implementation of regional linkage and enhancing international integration is essential and decisive factor in the current context The Government has directed the central and local authorities to implement tourism development planning towards improving efficiency and sustainable development and issuing a series of policies to promote the growth of domestic tourism Nevertheless, the development of tourism in Vietnam is facing numerous problems There are many reasons, including theoretical issues that have not been satisfactorily studied, such as the content of tourism development in the direction of regional linkage and international integration, factors affecting tourism development in the direction of regional linkage and international integration, and criteria for evaluating tourism development efficiency in regional linkage and international integration Phu Tho has a long history and is considered an ancestral land Phu Tho has a system of historical sites, revolutionary relics, cultural relics, architecture, and archeology Especially the National Historic Site of Hung Temple is a highly sacred and spiritual-cultural space of the Vietnamese nation In combination with the art of Singing of Phu Tho, Hung Vuong's worship beliefs have been recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity Besides, Phu Tho has many attractions, such as the high biodiversity of Xuan Son National Park as one of 30 national parks of Vietnam; Thanh Thuy hot mineral water mines with large reserves of valuable micronutrients, which are suitable for bathing, health, and treatment According to the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism 2016, Phu Tho is a golden land for tourism development However, Phu Tho has not been an attractive destination for domestic and international tourists The province's tourism industry has not developed commensurate with its potential and strengths The cause of this situation is that the policy has not been associated with solutions, and tourism activities have not been appropriately organized In addition, businesses operating in tourism are limited In the context of international economic integration, especially after Vietnam became a member of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and signed many free trade agreements that have created a good opportunity for Vietnam toward international integration Tourism development in the direction of linking and international integration is both an orientation and a solution However, according to the statistics of the Statistical Office of Phu Tho province, the current income from tourism and workers working in tourism accounts for only about 1% of GRDP, and nearly 1% of the total labor is working in the national economic sectors of the province Developing tourism in the direction of regional linkage and international integration effectively and sustainably is a matter of clarification In this context, the topic of Tourism development of Phu Tho province in the direction of linkage and integration is chosen for the author’s doctoral dissertation specializing in economic management to clarify these problems mentioned above Objectives and Research tasks 2.1 Objectives The objective of the dissertation is to consider, analyze and evaluate the factors affecting the development of the tourism industry in Phu Tho province in the direction of regional linkage and international integration Thereby, it will propose solutions to promote the development of tourism in Phu Tho province in the direction of linkage and international integration, contributing to increasing economic scale and improving labor productivity of Phu Tho 2.2 Research tasks Firstly, systematizing and clarifying the theoretical issues mainly on tourism development towards regional linkage and international integration Secondly, analyzing and assessing the state management of tourism development situation towards regional linkage and international integration Thereby clearly indicating the pros and cons, the limitations, and the causes of those limitations; Simultaneously, identify the necessary lessons to develop tourism effectively in expanding regional linkage and international integration Thirdly, propose orientation and solutions to improve the efficiency of Phu Tho tourism development in the direction of linking and international integration, proposal to the direction of improving the state management of tourism development of Phu Tho province Scope of research The scope of research refers to tourism development in the direction of regional linkage and international integration in Phu Tho province The topic also studies the forms of tourism organization and the role of local authorities in tourism development in the direction of regional linkage and international integration - Research topic: The topic of saving both theory and practice, both the current situation and the future of developing Phu Tho tourism in the direction of regional linkage and international integration Proposing orientation and solutions to improve tourism development efficiency in the direction of regional linkage and international integration in Phu Tho, exceptionally to propose what the Government of Phu Tho will have to to improve development efficiency Tourism in the direction of regional linkage and international integration of the province - Research time: Focusing on assessing the situation of tourism development in Phu Tho province in 2011 - 2019 and proposing solutions to 2030 - Research area: Phu Tho province There are also studies of the surrounding localities or associating with Phu Tho to develop tourism in regional linkage and international integration if necessary New results of the dissertation 4.1 Theoretical results The author clarifies the main theoretical issues on tourism development in the direction of regional linkage and international integration, factors affecting the efficiency of tourism development in the direction of regional linkage and international integration, and assesses the efficiency of tourism development towards regional linkage and international integration 4.2 Practical results Based on assessing the status of tourism development factors, the situation of tourism development in Phu Tho in recent years, and tourism development experience in the direction of regional linkage and international integration in similar localities, the dissertation provides scientific bases for the planning of guidelines, and proposals to improve tourism development efficiency in the direction of linking and international integration in Phu Tho province in the coming years Research Framework The research framework of the dissertation shows what to and the order of implementing the study as follows: - Firstly, research on theoretical issues and fundamentals of the research - Secondly, determining the theoretical framework will be presented in the theoretical basis chapter - Thirdly, assessing the situation of tourism development in the direction of linking and international integration in Phu Tho province in recent times and some lessons learned in tourism development in the direction of regional linkage and integration domestically and internationally - Fourthly, proposing orientation and solutions to improve tourism development efficiency in the direction of regional linkage and international integration in Phu Tho province in the coming years Research approaches and research methods 6.1 Research approaches The dissertation is approached in the principal directions such as approaching the system, approaching relationships, approaching according to the principle of cause and effect, and approaching from resources 6.2 Research Methods The dissertation uses the methods such as statistical analysis, comparative, expertise, forecasting, surveys, and analysis methods Dissertation Structure In addition to the introduction, conclusions, and list of references, the thesis structure is divided into four chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research on tourism development in the direction of regional linkage and international integration Chapter 2: Theoretical basis and practical experience in tourism development in the direction of linkage and international integration Chapter 3: Current situation of Phu Tho tourism development in the direction of regional linkage and international integration Chapter 4: Solutions to promote the development of Phu Tho tourism in the direction of regional linkage and international integration CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIRECTION OF REGIONAL LINKAGE AND INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION 1.1 Overview of tourismdevelopment 1.1.1 Concepts and classification of tourism types 1.1.2 Studies on tourism development in relationship with economic growth Some studies include research by Eugenio-Martin, Morales, and Scarpa (2004); Katircioglu (2009); Mello-Sampayo and De Sousa-Vale (2010); EbruCaglayan, K Karymshakov, and NazanSak (2012); Nikolaos Antonakakis et al (2014); TuncerGovdell and Tuba Baskonus Director (2017) 1.2 Overview of research on tourism development in the direction of linkage and international integration 1.2.1 Research on tourism development toward linkage Research on tourism development in the direction of linkages such as studies by Rebecca Torres (2003), Julie Jackson (2005), Julie Jackson and Peter Murphy (2006), Research of the International Trade Center - an Agency of the WTO (2010); VannarithChheang (2013); The book "Value Creation In Travel Distribution" (2010) by Michael Straus and the book "Aviation and Tourism - Implications for Leisure Travel" (2010) by Anne Graham, Westminster University (UK), Andreas Papatheodorou at the University of The Aegean, Greece and Peter Fortyth at the University of Monash (Australia) There is some research from Vietnamese experts, such as studies by Le Van Minh (2006) with the topic "Research and propose solutions to invest in tourist area development"; The study "Research on building Vietnam's tourism products is competitive in the region and internationally" by Dr Do Cam Tho (2007); The study "Current situation and solutions for developing national marine tourist resorts in North Central Tourist Area" Dr Nguyen Thu Hanh (2011) Project "Linking the development of world heritage tourism in Hanoi" by the Institute of Tourism Development (2015) Additionally, studies by Nguyen Thi Duy Phuong (2016), Phung The Tam (2015), Nguyen Quang Vinh (2011), and Nguyen Tuan Anh (2010) are noticeable 1.2.2 Studies on tourism development towards integration 1.3 Evaluate the overview results 1.3.1 The points that can be inherited from other studies - Thought and awareness of tourism development in the context of linkage and international integration is not entirely comprehensive However, the authors mentioned the development of activities in tourism, hotels, restaurants, shopping, entertainment, and associated with conferences, sports, and culture - The authors overview that linkage is one of the crucial ways for tourism development Linkage plays a vital role in tourism development, increasing tourism competitiveness domestically and internationally - Many studies have shown that international integration has become an indispensable factor for effective tourism development over the years and in the coming years Attracting international tourists must be through international integration of tourism, culture, sports, and event organization globally 1.3.2 The gaps - In general, the previous studies have not yet developed tourism in the direction of linkage and international integration in the context of the market economy They have not pointed out the issues of the benefits of the tourism development entities At the same time, they have not specified the content and nature of tourism development in the direction of linkage and international integration - There are no satisfactory studies evaluating the results and efficiency of tourism development in the direction of linkage and international integration in general and for a provincial locality Although numerous studies on linkage or international integration in the tourism development process, they have not yet placed tourism development in linkage and integration as a whole of relationships under the causal principle There is no complete and comprehensive research on tourism development factors in linkage and international integration in the market economy They studied linkage and international integration separately in tourism development, so they lacked the overall vision to unify the ideology and views on tourism development toward linkage and international integration - In the integration and economic development process, in early January 2007, Vietnam officially joined the WTO organization after the National Assembly approved According to the General Agreement on Trade and Service (GATS), Vietnam has committed to all 11 service industries Regarding tourism services, Vietnam is only committed to tourism and business agent sub-sectors, travel business, hotel arrangement services, and food and drink service All ASEAN members will automatically apply these commitments In addition, from the late 1990s, after joining ASEAN in 1995, Vietnam began to learn and participate in tourism cooperation mechanisms, gradually participating in activities in the subcommittees' tourism works from the early 2000s and actively integrated in the late 2000s In 2009, Vietnam hosted and successfully organized the ASEAN Tourism and Tourism Ministers Conference (ATF), one of the most significant events of ASEAN tourism Vietnam has fulfilled market commitments for hotels, hotel residence services, catering services, business services, and international travel business By developing MRA7 TP deployment documents (2013), Vietnam Tourism has actively contributed to implementing ASEAN's mutual MRA-TP Besides, at the ASEAN - ATF 2009 tourism forum in Hanoi, Vietnam signed an agreement to admit each ASEAN member to tourism as a basis for developing ASEAN tourism human resources and creating a favorable direction for the labor movement in the area However, there is currently no research on the schedule associated with Vietnam's economic integration process and no research on tourism development in the direction of linkage and international integration for Phu Tho province, especially research on connecting the midland and Northern region Those are also the issues that must continue to study in-depth CHAPTER THEORETICAL BASIS AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIRECTION OF LINKAGE AND INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION 2.1 The main theoretical issues about tourism development in the direction of linkage and international integration 2.1.1.Awareness and conception 2.1.2 Factors affecting tourism development in the direction of linkage and international integration of a province a) Profit of the enterprise and the interests of the state as well as the locality b) The management capacity of the state and the provincial government c) Potentials and outstanding comparative advantages in tourism development and specific tourism products d) The synchronization of development areas related to tourism activities đ) Globalization and industrial revolution 4.0 2.1.3 Evaluate the results and efficiency of tourism development in the direction of linkage and international integration Inheriting the overview results and observing the actual analysis of business fields with a quick capital return, exploiting the province's tourism potential ineffective 3.2.2 Inter-industry linkage to develop tourism in Phu Tho Inter-industry linkage to develop tourism in Phu Tho 3.2.3 Linkage with provinces to develop tourism in Phu Tho Recently, attracting tourists from other localities to Phu Tho and vice versa has been limited International visitors to Phu Tho only account for about 10% of the total number of tourists in the province At the same time, visitors from Phu Tho to other provinces only account for about 8-9% of the total number of tourists The number of people traveling to other provinces is almost spontaneous as they organize their trips in groups or with families 3.2.4 The provincial government plans guidelines, and policies for tourism development in Phu Tho province Phu Tho has made many efforts to promote its tourism image for domestic and international markets The promotion of tourism engaging in the province Phu Tho focuses on building tourist attractions to create tourist routes in the province based on linkages between tourism development industries Several projects on linkage and development of tourism between sectors were issued and implemented in 2009 - 2017, such as Project No 3020/DA - People's Committee of Phu Tho Province issued on 28 September 2009 on building tourist spots to create tourist routes in the province from 2009 to 2020; Resolution No 09-NQ/TU of the Executive Committee of the Party Committee of Phu Tho province, issued on 19 October 2011 on tourism development in Phu Tho province in the period 2011 - 2015"; Resolution No 30/2012/NQ-HDND dated 17 December 2012 of the People's Council of Phu Tho province on "Phu Tho province's tourism development planning for the period 2011-2020, with a vision to 2030"; Resolution No 14-NQ/TU dated 15 July 2016 of the Executive Committee of the Party Committee of Phu Tho province on "tourism development in Phu Tho province in the period 2016 - 2020"; Resolution No 17/NQ-HDND dated 19 July 2016 of the People's Council of Phu Tho province; Plan No 4772/KH-UBND dated 20 October 2016 of 12 the People's Committee of Phu Tho province to develop tourism in Phu Tho province in the 2016-2020 period 3.2.5 Results and effectiveness of tourism development in Phu Tho province a) The position of tourism in the economy of Phu Tho province On the side of added value and labor in the economy, the role and position of the tourism industry are still very modest, only about 1.1% The number of laborers working in the tourism industry has increased, but it is still small and growing slowly Tourism human resources are only at the level of ordinary human resources trained at colleges, and some are trained at the university level Human resources for middle and senior management are highly lacking Table3.1 Tourism industry labor in the total social labor of Phu Tho 2010 2015 2019 Indicators Thousands Thousands Thousands % % % of people of people of people Social labor 705 100 743 100 752 100 of Phu Tho Labor in 10,2 1,45 10,6 1,43 10,8 1,44 tourism Source: Phu Tho Statistical Office, Yearbook 2010 and 2019 b)Tourists to Phu Tho province From 2011 to 2019, the growth rate of domestic visitors to Phu Tho tends to increase The number of international tourists to Phu Tho also increased but is still relatively low, accounting for only 0.66% of the total number of international tourists to Vietnam in 2019 Phu Tho province's tourism industry needs to have more effective "innovation" directions to attract international tourists c)Revenue and labor productivity of the tourism industry Phu Tho's tourism industry had good growth from 2011 to 2019 The average growth rate of tourism revenue in this period reached 21.3%/year However, compared with the average growth rate of tourism income of the whole country in the same period, the revenue growth of Phu Tho tourism 13 was lower Tourism revenue growth has been uneven and unstable over the years, with some years decreasing compared to the previous year (2015, 2016), while other sectors of the economy in the same period still developed quite well In general, the labor productivity of the tourism industry in Phu Tho province only accounts for about 1.44% of the total social labor Table3.2 Labor productivity in the tourism industry (calculated according to VAT, current prices) 2010 2015 2019 Indicators Thousand % Thousan % Thousand % s VND ds VND s VND Social labor of 705 100 743 100 752 100 Phu Tho Labor in tourism 10,2 1,4 10,6 1,4 10,8 1,4 2.Laborproductivit 29,7 100 51,2 100 51,8 100 y of the entire provincial economy Tourism industry 26,7 89, 43,1 84, 43,5 83, 9 Source: Phu Tho Statistical Office, Yearbook 2010 and 2019 d) The position of the tourism industry in the economy of Phu Tho province is relatively small The added value of the tourism industry in the province's total GRDP is only 1.1 to 1.3% This value is low compared to the whole country The tourism industry's contribution to the province's total budget revenue is also low, about 1.1% The leading cause of this situation is low labor productivity and low visitor spending Many tourists who visit the Hung Temple historical site not stay and even eat and drink elsewhere e) General assessment of linkage and international integration in tourism development of Phu Tho province - The linkage for toursim development 14 Until 2019, Phu Tho's tourism industry can organize tourism activities with other fields within the province Travel companies have linked with passenger transport companies, hotels, restaurants, and several local cultural establishments in communes and cities to organize sessions to enjoy local cultural values The travel company has linked with some fruit tree areas, tea growing areas, eco-tourism areas, and relics to develop spiritual tourism and eco-tourism However, the association has not been organized and has not become an indispensable and regular need - The international integration for tourism development Phu Tho's travel and tourism companies have just begun to associate with some prominent travel companies to bring Phu Tho citizens travel abroad However, they have not yet associated with international tourism organizations to connect two-way tourism for guests Phu Tho also only attracts international visitors through travel agencies from Hanoi Tourism activities in Phu Tho have not had significant changes, only involving online ticket booking, online transactions, and payment via ATM card or online Information about international travel is still minimal 3.2.6 Causes of success and limitations for tourism development in the direction of linkage and international integration (1) The causes of success - In the process of globalization, economic integration expands international tourist flows to Vietnam, and the influx of Vietnamese tourists to the world is increasing - Phu Tho province's Government has issued many policies on tourism development since 2010 The Provincial People's Committee has been aware of international linkage and integration in tourism development; therefore, they started promoting via advertisement and association from the government perspective It led to the initially favorable conditions for tourism development in each locality (2) The causes of limitations - Tourism development in Phu Tho province is generally not organized properly The travel agencies of the localities lack information on localities linkage 15 - Tourism human resources lack international linkage and integration skills and find difficulty communicating in foreign languages The survey of new culinary needs is of interest in some localities Regulations on tour guides, financial payment in cash, or other transfer forms are not apparent; specifically, du lich tra hinh have also appeared 3.3 Survey results on linkages to develop tourism in Phu Tho 3.3.1 Qualitative results Up to 16/16 experts said that regional linkages are formed based on the awareness conditions of local authorities and local government consensus with social groups 4/16 experts express that the degree of linkage between localities in the province, although already implemented, is inadequate, and the linkage process is still fragmented Especially, tourism development activities are challenging to carry out in places with difficult economic conditions 7/16 of experts think that the level of tourism linkage between localities in the region is average, and 5/16 of experts rate the link as solid and well-connected 3.3.2 Quantitative results 3.3.2.1 Reliability analysis of scale by the Cronbach's Alpha 3.3.2.2 Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) 3.3.2.3 Multivariate regression analysis 3.3.2.4 Hypothesis testing Hypothesis H1: Hypothesis H1: With better institutions and policies, tourism in Phu Tho will flourish Hypothesis H2: The better resource conditions will help Phu Tho tourism develop adequately HypothesisH3: The better tourism products will help Phu Tho tourism develop adequately Hypothesis H4: The better linkage and integration will help Phu Tho tourism develop adequately 3.3.2.5 Conclusion through model testing The results of model testing show that the demand for tourism development in Phu Tho is positively correlated with the following factors: (1) The more completed the policy institutions, the better Phu Tho tourism 16 will develop; (2) The better the resource conditions of local enterprises, the more Phu Tho tourism will develop; (3) The more diversified tourism products are, the more Phu Tho tourism will develop; (4) The better the connection and integration of the locality, the higher tourism development in Phu Tho The institutional and policy factors have the most significant influence among the four influencing factors Individuals, organizations, and businesses doing tourism today all want to have a complete institutional and political system to reduce costs and reduce administrative procedures, creating favorable conditions for Phu Tho tourism to thrive CHAPTER4 SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHU THO TOURISM IN THE DIRECTION OF LINKAGE AND INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION BY 2025 4.1 Analysis of the context, advantages, and disadvantages of tourism development in the direction of international linkage and integration of Phu Tho 4.1.1 Advantage of Phu Tho tourism Firstly, there are 1,372 cultural and historical relics and sites related to relics, including one remarkable national-level relic, 72 national-level monuments, and 209 provincial-level relics, 260 festivals with the distinctive culture of the ancestors' land A significant national historical relic site, Hung Temple, is the Vietnamese nation's unique and sacred cultural space Secondly, the province has an expanded tourism development cooperation program with Northwestern provinces; tourism development cooperation between Phu Tho Tourism Association and Hanoi Tourism Association; Phu Tho tourism development cooperation with Bac Lieu, Thanh Hoa, Ho Chi Minh City 4.1.2 Disadvantage of Phu Tho tourism - Investment resources for tourism development are still insufficient Phu Tho lacks large and strong enterprises capable of 17 implementing large tourism projects - The process of attracting large enterprises to invest in tourism is still limited The investment in community tourist attractions is still fragmented, and the mechanism to encourage tourism development is unclear Specific tourism products have not been paid attention to and have not attracted visitors Human resources for tourism development are limited and under the standard The locality has not paid attention to local products and specialties - The competition in the quality of tourism product development is increasing Additionally, Phu Tho is not an attractive destination for big investors Tourists are mainly domestic tourists and day visitors; guests have short stay days There is a small number of international tourists - Social awareness of tourism development is still insufficient The residential community has not been fully conscious of building a tourism brand, preserving the inherent tourism value, and working together to promote local tourism 4.1.3 Opportunities for Phu Tho tourism development Firstly, key tourist areas and attractions in Phu Tho are formed in association with typical tourism products bearing the culture of the Ancestral land to meet the needs of domestic and international tourists Secondly, the Party and State pay attention to and prioritize investment in tourism development, which is identified as a spearhead economic sector for the country's socio-economic development (NQ 08NQ/TW dated 16/02) January 2017 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam) Although the tourism industry has been dramatically affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of Vietnam has come up with many solutions to restore the tourism industry and promote the development of the number of domestic tourists The growth rate of international tourists is still towards 10%/year, and domestic tourists are about 11-12%/year Thirdly, Vietnam's position is increasing in the international arena Vietnam's economy will still have the fastest growth rate in Southeast Asia and the world The most successful innovation is the rapid progress in a 18 national governance capacity, and the world has recognized the international role of Vietnam Fourthly, the visa policy for international visitors to Vietnam has been improved For instance, Vietnam has extended visa exemption regulations for citizens of 27 countries in the European Union, Japan, and South Korea, visa exemption for flight crew members of foreign airlines, and issuing electronic visas This policy contributes to increasing the number of visitors to Vietnam, creating favorable momentum to promote the development of the tourism industry Fifthly, in the past time, Vietnam has attracted a lot of FDI capital into tourism projects, and many coastal resorts and 5-star hotels have been invested By the end of 2017, tourist accommodation establishments had more than 25,000 establishments, of which there were 116 5-star hotels, 259 4-star hotels, and 488 3-star hotels Localities have paid attention to and raise awareness about tourism development, improved services, and safety issues for tourists are increasingly guaranteed The stability in terms of security and politics of Vietnam also helps to contribute to an increase in visitors Sixthly, Vietnam's tourism market has attracted the attention of many international and Vietnamese airlines Many direct flights to Vietnam have been opened, creating favorable conditions for tourism development Seventhly, Vietnam has successfully organized many cultural and sports activities of international stature 4.1.4.Challenges for Phu Tho tourism development Firstly, product research and development activities are not methodical, breakthrough, and creative The quality of tourism services is low, not meeting the requirements set forth, and not yet an attractive destination for foreign tourists, especially high-class tourists Secondly, advertising and promotion are limited without the guidance of state management agencies The financial resources are limited, so advertising and promotion are not based on the market There is a lack of professionalism, no synchronous connection in the whole system, and no association between tourism with international events and images Thirdly, the competitiveness of Vietnam's tourism industry is still low 19 compared to other countries in the ASEAN region Fourthly, Vietnam's travel businesses are still weak, mainly small and medium enterprises account for 84% Besides, there is fragmentation, no linkage, and the relationship between businesses and the Government is still unsuccessful It is a formality, so it will be challenging to reach out to the international tourism market Fifthly, the number of professional tour guides is both lacking and under-standard, and the foreign language proficiency of the target markets is still limited 4.2 Orientation to develop tourism in Phu Tho province in the direction of linkage and international integration 4.2.1 General orientation of tourism development towards linkage and international integration a) General socio-economic development orientation of Phu Tho province b) Orientation of main and unique tourism products of Phu Tho province c) Developing the province's tourist attractions d) Expand international linkage and integration for tourism development 4.2.2 Tourism development goals a) General development goals b) Specific goals 4.3 Solutions to promote tourism development in the direction of international linkage and integration 4.3.1 Solution #1: Completing the policy (1)Investment policy (2) Human resource development policy (3) Business and market policies (4) The policy of tourism socialization (5) The policies to encourage regional and inter-industry linkages Encourage localities in the province to cooperate in product development, connect tour routes, promote advertising, promote 20 investment, and build tourism brands (6) Policy for sustainable tourism development The policy needs to encourage and support environmental protection projects in tourist areas, tourist attractions, restaurants, and hotels At the same time, there is a need for policy to support ecological agriculture projects and craft villages combined with tourism 4.3.2 Solution #2: Accelerating investment capital mobilization (1) Continue to invest from the state budget for tourism development Continue to invest the State budget for crucial tasks, creating a premise to stimulate tourism development (2) Mobilizing capital sources from all economic sectors to meet tourism development investment needs 4.2.3 Solution #3: Developing human resources (1) Promote the training of human resources to ensure quality, sufficient quantity, and suitable structure to meet the needs of tourism development There is a need to improve the capacity for state management of tourism The managers, technical workers, and tour guides need to be trained at business establishments in the province following professional standards Encourage businesses to have preferential policies for recruiting and employing people with good professional qualifications Promote building a training model with a combination of "school and hotel" in the province (2) Encourage qualified workers to work locally There is a need for suitable and attractive policies to create favorable conditions for young, highly qualified, and skilled citizens of Phu Tho and neighboring provinces to work locally 4.2.4 Solution #4: Improve management effectiveness and efficiency (1) Improve the responsibility and efficiency of state management of tourism Enhance the advisory and directing role of state management agencies in tourism Innovate and improve the efficiency of cooperation and coordination among all levels, sectors, between businesses and provinces to 21 promote tourism development Creating favorable conditions for establishing new, relatively largescale tourism businesses as a driving force and orientation to promote the development of tourism businesses in the province Focusing on consolidating and developing the group of small and medium-sized enterprises, creating an even network of tourism services, creating jobs, and contributing to poverty alleviation in the locality Promote tourism businesses in the province to expand linkage and become strategic partners of large domestic and international tourism businesses to exploit advanced tourism services' brands and tourism markets (2) Organizing the formulation of tourism development plans (3) Complete state management of tourism at all levels (4) Improve the management level according to the planning for all levels and branches Improve professional qualifications for the team of experts working in tourism development planning to enhance the efficiency and feasibility of planning 4.2.5 Solution #5: Boost tourism promotion and publicity (1) Increase funding for tourism promotion and advertising (2) Innovating methods and contents of investment promotion activities (3) Expanding markets, building promotion strategies 4.2.6 Solution #6: Promote cooperation and linkage for tourism development Promote and renew linkages in constructing suitable tourism products to connect typical tourist destinations to create attractive tourism products 4.2.7 Other solutions (1) Tourism and aviation cooperation (2) Tourism promotion through Digital Marketing (3) Tourism combined with health services 22 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions Phu Tho is a province with tremendous potential (with the core of which is Hung Temple relic, Hung King worshiping culture) to develop tourism with unique, high-value-added products Phu Tho has the potential to link with many localities to create strong tourism development of the province and localities with potential for development cooperation Phu Tho tourism has made breakthroughs in recent years, but it is still not commensurate with the province's potential and advantages The dissertation has systematized theoretical and practical issues of state management of tourism development in the direction of linkage in the context of integration with the case study of Phu Tho province The dissertation also has established a model to predict the influence of factors linking tourism development to business results of tourism businesses, supplementing and correcting a set of scales on factors associated with tourism development To promote tourism development in the direction of international linkage and integration, the author has tried to clarify critical theoretical issues about tourism development in the direction of international linkage and integration in the context of Vietnam Significantly, the dissertation applied the model to analyze the survey results on the issue of international linkage and integration in the tourism development of Phu Tho province The dissertation has clarified the pros and cons and the causes of the successes and the limitations in the tourism development process in Phu Tho in recent years It also explained the orientation of tourism development in linkage and international integration It proposed many essential solutions to promote tourism development in the direction of international linkage and integration in Phu Tho province Besides, based on assessing the current situation of tourism development linkage, the author has proposed solutions and recommendations to improve the efficiency of state management of tourism to bring Phu Tho tourism to develop commensurate with the province's potential and advantages 23 Recommendations The result suggested that the Government adds Phu Tho province to the national tourism development critical region; Xuan Son National Park tourist area to the national tourist area system; Thanh Thuy tourist area to become a national tourist destination in the Master plan for tourism development in Vietnam to 2020 with a vision to 2030 It is recommended that the Government opens a program to link provinces, especially those in the Northern Midlands and Mountains region, to develop tourism to expand linkages and international integration It also suggested that the Government organize international tourism promotion conferences and adopt policies to encourage international integration to develop tourism by 2025-2030 The Government should continue to prioritize supporting budget capital for investment in infrastructure development of national tourist zones and spots and other important tourist sites and attractions in Phu Tho province In addition, it is needed to invest in upgrading the rural transport system, provincial roads, and national highways Notably, it should prioritize the development of traffic routes to tourist attractions assisting the travel of domestic and international tourists to Phu Tho and tourist destinations in the Red River Delta, Northern Midlands, and Mountains 24 SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF AUTHOR Nguyen Minh Tuan (2019), The role of tourism and state management in tourism development, India and Asia Magazine, No 01 (74) 2019 Nguyen Minh Tuan (2020), Tourism development in Phu Tho province in regional linkage and international integration, Economic and Forecast Journal, No 21 (July 2020) Nguyen Minh Tuan (2020), Influential factors and solutions to promote tourism development linkages in the current context, Economic and Development Review, No 279, September 2020 Nguyen Minh Tuan (2019), Factors affecting tourism development links, Scientific Journal of Hanoi National University of Education, Issue May 2019 Nguyen Minh Tuan (2017), Situation and solutions for Phu Tho tourism development, Science Journal of Hung Vuong University, No (9) 2017 25 ... With better institutions and policies, tourism in Phu Tho will flourish Hypothesis H2: The better resource conditions will help Phu Tho tourism develop adequately HypothesisH3: The better tourism... products have not been paid attention to and have not attracted visitors Human resources for tourism development are limited and under the standard The locality has not paid attention to local products... for domestic and international markets The promotion of tourism engaging in the province Phu Tho focuses on building tourist attractions to create tourist routes in the province based on linkages
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