Tài liệu Working Group on Horticulture, Plantation Crops and Organic Farming for the XI Five Year Plan (2007-12) docx

Report of the Working Group on Horticulture, Plantation Crops and Organic Farming for the XI Five Year Plan (2007-12) CONTENTS Page Numbers Preface Executive Summary Chapter I: Status Of Horticulture 1.1 Horticulture Redefined 1.2 Status Of Horticulture Industry In India Status Of Fruit Crops 1.4 Status Of Vegetable Crops 1.5 Status Of Mushrooms 1.6 Status Of Spice Crops 1.7 Status Of Ornamental Crops 1.8 Status Of Medicinal And Aromatic Crops 1.9 Status Of Plantation Crops 1.10 Conclusions Chapter II: Horticultural Research 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Research Infrastructure 2.3 Varieties Developed 2.4 Improved Propagation Methods 2.5 Micropropagation 2.6 Biotechnology 2.7 Improved Production Technologies 2.8 Use Of Plant Bio-Regulators 2.9 Canopy Management 2.10 Irrigation 2.11 Protected Cultivation 2.12 High Density Planting 2.13 Standardization of Rootstocks 2.14 Use of INM and biofertilisers 2.15 Use Of Bio-Control Agents 2.16 Micro-Irrigation & Fertigation 2.17 Protected Cultivation 2.18 Mulching 2.19 Plant Protection, IPM and Pesticide Residues 2.20 Post Harvest Management 2.21 Mechanization 2.22 Major Crop Specific Problems 2.23 Plan Thrust Areas of Research Chapter III: Horticulture Development 3.1 History and Infrastructure 3.2 Budgetary Allocation 3.3 Programmes and Progress i 1 17 24 24 27 29 31 40 47 47 48 54 55 56 56 57 58 58 58 58 59 59 60 60 60 61 61 62 63 63 66 67 70 71 Chapter IV: 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 Planting Material Importance Propagation Methods In Horticultural Crops Existing Infrastructure Status Of Nurseries In The Country Seed Act And Nurseries Registration Act Major Initiative By States X Plan Programmes Certification Mechanism For Plant Material Constraints In Development Of Planting Material Projections For XI Plan Budget Allocation for Creating Facilities under Planting Material During XI Plan Chapter V: Horticulture Biotechnology 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Micropropagation Industry in India 5.3 Other Biotechnology Initiatives 5.4 Programmes Under National Horticulture Mission 5.5 Programmes Proposed For XI Plan 5.6 Financial Outlay For Horticultural Biotechnological R&D During XI Plan Chapter VI: High-Tech Interventions 6.1 Introduction 6.2 High Density Planting 6.3 Use of Plastics In Horticulture 6.4 Integrated Nutrient Management 6.5 Integrated Pest And Disease Management 6.6 Precision Farming Chapter VII: Organic Farming 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Organic Programme And Performance During X Plan 7.3 Other Schemes On Organic Horticulture And Plantations 7.4 Organic Farming During XI Plan 7.5 Implementation Mechanism Chapter VIII: Post Harvest Management 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Post Harvest Losses 8.3 Causes Of Post Harvest Losses 8.4 Status Of Post-Harvest Infrastructure 8.5 Interventions To Combat Post Harvest Losses 8.6 Ripening Requirements 8.7 Supply Chain Management 8.8 Value Added Products 120 120 121 122 123 124 125 127 131 132 148 149 149 156 161 162 166 167 168 173 184 199 206 210 211 215 216 221 224 224 225 226 228 236 237 237 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 Chapter IX: 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Chapter X: 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Chapter XI: 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Governmental Initiatives Policy Intervention Suggested Modifications Human Resources Development Technology Transfer Marketing Present Marketing Structure Strategy For Agricultural Marketing 240 242 242 246 246 Progress Of Reforms In Agricultural Markets Policy Interventions Suggested Modifications In The Existing Schemes/ Proposed And New Schemes For The XI Five Year Plan Infrastructure Proposed Exports, Imports and WTO Exports Imports WTO Budget Requirement Technology Transfer Introduction Status Of Extension System And Programmes Small And Marginal Farmers And Women In Horticulture Constraints In Technology Dissemination 253 253 255 248 249 257 259 285 286 287 288 290 290 293 11.6 Strategies For Revitalizing Transfer Of Technology System In Horticulture Capacity Building For Technology Utilization 296 11.7 Specific Recommendations 296 11.8 Budget Requirement 298 Chapter XII: 12.1 12.2 12.3 Chapter XIII: 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Human Resource Development In Horticulture Human Resource Development Horticulture Information System And Database Recommendations Horticultural Database Introduction Present Status Of Horticultural Data Reliability Of Data Constraints For Data Collection And Compilation Remedial Measures Proposals For Xi Plan Chapter XIV: Risk Management, Credit And Public Private Investment 293 300 308 310 312 313 314 314 315 316 14.1 Risk Management 14.2 Credit 14.3 Public Private Investment Chapter XV : Eleventh Plan Programmes, Budget And Plocy Issues 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Recommendation On X Plan Programmes 15.3 Policy Issues 15.4 Budget 15.5 Summary Of Total Outlay For Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) Chapter XVI : Organisational Reforms 16.1 Background 16.2 Present Organizational Structure 16.3 Constraints In The Present Organisational Structure 16.4 Suggestions For Organizational Reforms 320 323 329 348 348 350 351 Annexures 354 332 332 336 339 347 CONTENTS S.No Topic Page No Preface Status of Horticulture Horticulture Research Horticulture Development Planting Materials 11 Biotechnology 14 Hi-Tech Horticulture 16 Organic Farming 20 Post Harvest Management 23 Marketing 25 10 Exports, Imports and WTO 29 11 Transfer of Technology 34 12 Human Resource Development 36 13 Data Base 37 14 Risk Management, Credit and Public Private Investment 40 15 Eleventh Plan Programmes, Budget and Policy Issues 44 16 Organizational Reforms 49 Annexures i-lxvii PREFACE The horticulture sector encompasses a wide range of crops namely fruit crops, vegetables crops, potato and tuber crops, ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic crops, spices and plantation crops New introductions like mushroom, bamboo and bee keeping (for improving the crop productivity) further expanded the scope of horticulture While the first few Five Year Plans assigned priority to achieving self sufficiency in food grain production, over the years, horticulture has emerged as an indispensable part of agriculture, offering a wide range of choices to the farmers for crop diversification It also provides ample opportunities for sustaining large number of agro-industries which generate substantial employment opportunities The horticulture sector contributes around 28% of the GDP from about 13.08% of the area and 37 % of the total exports of agricultural commodities During the previous three Plan periods, focused attention was given to horticultural research and development which placed India as the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables, largest producer and consumer of cashew nut, tea spices, third largest producer of coconut, forth largest producer and consumer of rubber and sixth largest producer of coffee in the world Today, as a result synergy between focused research, technological and policy initiatives, high efficiency inputs, horticulture in India, has become a sustainable and viable venture for the small and marginal farmers Besides, the sector has also started attracting entrepreneurs for taking up horticulture as a commercial venture Therefore, there is a great scope for the horticulture industry to grow and flourish The growth of any enterprise on a national scale pre-supposes sound and responsive infrastructure During the past several years, the country has created infrastructural facilities to the requirements of horticultural research, education and development in the country in terms of setting up of Institutes, establishment of separate Departments of Fruits, Vegetables, Floriculture in several State Agricultural Universities and carving out State Departments of Horticulture from the erstwhile Agriculture Departments in many of the States About 10 per cent of the total budget of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and 30 per cent of the total budget of the Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC) has been earmarked for the horticulture sector during the X Plan There is no doubt that the tempo generated during the X Plan will not only be maintained but accelerated during the next plan period to meet the aspirations of the farmers of the country besides providing the needed nutritional security to the Indian population The planning process in the country, through the Five Year Plans, has been instrumental in creating favourable policy environment, through earmarking resources for different sectors to ensure the overall development of in the country There was a quantum leap during the VIII Plan in financial allocation for horticulture development programmes, which was sustained during the IX Plan and further strengthened during the X Plan The Working Groups constituted by the Planning Commission during the IX and X Plans provided the necessary directions in setting priority for programmes in horticulture development in the country Now that the X Plan will be over by March 2007, the Planning Commission has initiated advance action for the formulation of the XI Five Year Plan by constituting a number of Working Groups to cover various national activities Keeping in view the importance of horticulture, plantation crops and organic farming in the country, the Planning Commission, Government of India, entrusted me the responsibility of heading the prestigious Working Group on Horticulture, Plantation Crops and Organic Farming vide Order No M – 12043/6/2006 – Agri and dated 7.06.2006, for the formulation of the XI Five Year Plan (2007-12) The composition of the Working Group which comprises of 23 members is as follows: Dr K.L Chadha 10/7281, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110070 Chairman Dr R.B Singh, National Commission on Farmers, NAS Complex, Todapur, Pusa, New Delhi- 110012 Member Dr K.V Peter, Vice Chancellor, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikara, Trichur – 680656, Kerala Member Dr H.P Singh Vice –Chancellor Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Distt Samastipur-848125 Bihar Member Shri K S Money, Chairman Agricultural and Processed Food Export Development Authority (APEDA), NCUI Building, 3, Siri Institutional Area, August Kranti Marg, New Delhi-110016 Member Shri S.K Pattanayak Jt Secretary (N.H.M.) Deptt Of Agriculture & Cooperation, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi-110001 Member Mr G.V Krishna Rao, Chairman Coffee Board, No 1, /Dr Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore – 560001 Karnataka Member Mr Basudev Banerjee, Chairman, Tea Board, 14, Biplabi Trailokya Maharaj, Sarani (Brabourne Road), Calcutta – 700001 West Bengal Member ii Shri J.N Chamber, Managing Director, National Horticulture Board, 85, Sector-18, Institutional Area, Gurgaon-122002 Haryana Member Chairman, NABARD Bandra kurla Complex, Ploat NO C-24, 5th Floor, “A” Wing, Bandra (East), Mumbai Member Shri P.M Sinha Chairman, Agriculture & Rural Development Committee, F.I.C.C.I., B – 787, Sushant Lok Phase-I, Gurgaon-122001 Haryana Member Dr S.P.S Khanuja, Director, CIMAP, P.O CIMAP Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow – 226015 Member Director Indian Institution of Horticulture Research, Hessarghata Lake Post, Bangalore-560089 Karnataka Member Shri T.A More Director (Research) Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli -415712, District Ratnagiri, Maharashtra Member Secretary, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Panchsheel Bhavan, August Kranti Marg, New Delhi 110016 Member Adviser (Agriculture), Planning Commission Yojana Bhavan, New Delhi-110001 Member Ms Rugmini Parmar, Director, Deptt Of Expenditure, North Block, New Delhi-110001 Member iii Dr Tapan Dutta, Adviser (Agril.) to Chief Minister of Assam, ARIASP Society, Khanapara, Guwahati- 781022 Assam Member Shri Sopan Kanchan President, Confederation of Indian Horticulture & Grapes Growers Association of India, E-15, Nissarg, Market yard, Gultkedi, Pune – 411037 Maharashtra Member Shri K Natarajan, President, Flowers Growers Federation of India, Natural synergies Ltd., 20 (Old 156), Santhome High Road, Chennai - 600004 Tamil Nadu Member Shri E.B Sethan, President, United plantations Association of South India (UPASI) Glen View, Coonoor – 643 101 Tamil Nadu Member Shri D.D Bharamagoudra, President, Organic Farming Association of India, G-8, St Britto’s Apts., Feira Alta, Mapusa-403507, Goa Member Dr M.L Choudhary, Horticulture Commissioner, Deptt Of Agri & Coopn., Ministry of Agriculture, R.No 238, Krishi Bhavan New Delhi-110001 Member-Convenor The Terms of References (TOR’s) of the Working Group are; i To analyze the performance and evaluate the progress in Horticulture and Plantation crops in terms of objectives, thrusts, interventions, programs and milestones attained during X Five Year Plan and to suggest strategies / programmes for the XI Plan ii To examine the significant research achievements in horticulture/plantations in the X Plan and to scrutinize the status of availability of quality planting material for the requirement of the National Horticulture Mission iii To evaluate the impact of hi-tech horticultural practices and to review the present status of technology dissemination mechanism and suggest future strategies iv Annexure -5.1 PRIORITY RESEARCH PROGRAMMES FOR DBT TO BE TAKEN UP DURING XI PLAN Taking into consideration different upcoming need of the horticulture sector during the XI plan adequate research back up is required to be taken up on priority and accordingly the programmes and projects be invited /sanctioned; a b c d a b c Micropropagation Scaling up/improvement/commercialization of candidate crops Establishing large number of hardening units/facilities/infrastructure to minimize the cost of plant material especially under public sectors Strengthening the existing the accredited laboratories/institutes and establishing some new centres in different zones for certification regarding the quality of TCPs in terms of clonal fidelity and freedom from diseases To establish/ standardize protocols for virus detection and to develop molecular diagnostics for different pathogenic micro-organisms Genetic enhancement Distant hybridization through embryo rescue and protoplasmic fusion for transfer of desired genes in best-adapted genotypes Application of Marker-Aided Selection (MAS) for achieving precision in breeding Transgenic development and related issues including bio-safety concerns in target horticultural crops Molecular diagnostics Diagnostic kits to be developed for specific pathogens, i.e viruses, viroids, MLOs, BLOs, etc which is a great concern in vegetatively propagated horticultural crops Activities for DBT to strengthen the R&D activities XI Plan period It is proposed that the commercial micropropagation in desired in different horticultural crops like banana, strawberry, pineapple, ornamental crops, MAPs, etc The production to be strengthened to meet the growing demand for plant material The research emphasis should now be on bringing down the cost of production of tissue culture raised plantlets • Development of large-scale hardening facilities in different agro-climatic regions for TC to bring down the cost of the tissue culture plantlets • Protocols need to standardize on direct regeneration pathways to minimize somaclonal variations • Research institution to evolve suitable marker systems for adjudging clonal fidelity • DBT should make/amend norms for implementation QC norms in TC plant business There should be provision for quarantine norms for imported TC material in the country for checking the entry of new diseases like pathogenic viruses, viroids; MLOs etc which may spread rapidly along with infected material These norms should be made mandatory for all tissue culture imports • Use of biotechnology for strengthening conventional crop improvement programmes like genetic characterization, MAS, in vitro selection, embryo rescue, Genetic engineering etc • While, implementing projects in Genetic transformation, DBT should ensure not to sanction projects on crops while are the major export items It is suggested that agencies should • 406 sanction projects in specified areas crop-wise/trait-wise and also prioritize them keeping in view the national needs, infrastructure and human resource availability CROP-BASED ISSUES TO TAKEN UP DURING XI PLAN PERIOD I FRUIT CROPS a Mango: Use of molecular markers in genetic characterization of the enormous diversity existing in the country to be taken up on priority linked to economic traits like regularity, malformation, long self-life etc With a view to establish new orchards on clonal rootstocks, in vitro regeneration using nucellar tissue was decided to be targeted using polyembryonic genotypes It was also emphasized that in mango emphasis to be given on secondary rhizogenesis using Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation b Banana: DNA fingerprinting of local genotypes and clones Breeding involving embryo rescue and developing diagnostic for identification and control of viruses c Guava and litchi: DNA fingerprinting of different genotypes and local variants and refining the micropropagation protocols e Temperate fruits: Collection, characterization and fingerprinting of indigenous species, varieties of scion and rootstock genotypes in apple, pear, peach, cherry, walnut, almond, etc II PLANTATION CROPS a Making use of available molecular maps in coconut and areca nut germplasm for evolving superior genotypes with desired trait(s) b Developing effective protocol for micropropagation of superior genotypes of coconut Mass multiplication of improved varieties of black pepper, vanilla, cardamoms, ginger, turmeric, tree spices, etc c Molecular characterization of indigenous and exotic genotypes for their use in crop improvement d Devising bio-control packages for important pest and diseases in coconut, areca nut, cashew nut, etc III VEGETABLE CROPS a Developing transgenics in tomato and brinjal for biotic stress tolerance b Developing interspecific crosses in tomato, brinjal, okra, pepper for disease and insect pest tolerance and virus resistance Developing transgenics for virus and pest tolerance c Use of MAS in supplementing traditional crop improvement in target crops d Molecular cataloguing of indigenous vegetables and wild relatives for future gene mining e Value addition/ breeding for quality in carrots, cauliflower and cabbage Cole crops a Production and maintenance of cms lines in Brassica oleracea using different related /wild species by back crossing It was decided that for this purpose the advanced breeding 407 lines available from private/ public sources be explored on priority and used in breeding programmes b Development of Bt-transgenics in cabbage and cauliflower for insect-pest tolerance c Multiplexing of genes in cruciferous vegetables like cauliflowers and cabbage for major diseases d To exploit the single gene high pro-vitamin A content mutants in different crucifers like cauliflower and broccoli Potato a Conservation of genetic diversity to continue along with their effective molecular characterization to avoid duplications/synonyms and variants/mutants b For screening germplasm for any disease/pest it should be done under controlled laboratory conditions using standard inoculation procedures Natural field procedures for screening to be avoided since dependent on weather factors c Multiplexing of resistant genes to continue in established hybrids/varieties fit for growing in different agro-climatic regions d For quality seed production, the breeder seed once given to public/ private seed producers either in public or private sectors to be monitored by the ICAR by having at least one member in the seed monitoring committees Tuber crops a Identification and cloning of dwarfing genes in yams and cassava mosaic resistance from Manihot caerulescence b Development of transgenic cassava with enhanced starch content and starch quality c Identification of molecular markers in cassava associated with starch quality traits, CMD resistance and protein content from the mapping population available at CTCRI and use them in MAS d Molecular characterization of genetic diversity in minor tuber crops e PCR, RT-PCR, NASH and ELISA to be developed for virus diagnosis in cassava, sweet potato, yam and colocasia and to be utilized for indexing planting material for distribution Mushrooms a Identification, cloning and sequencing of mating type genes in Agaricus MAS for identification and tagging of agronomically important QTLs and prediction of heterosis in F1 hybrids of commercially cultivated mushrooms b Identification of cheaper substrates and use of course cereals in place of wheat grains in spawn production and technology for shelf-life enhancement c Protected cultivation technology for production of edible mushrooms such as Agaricus bitorquis, Auricularia spp., Lentinula edodes and medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum IV FLOWER CROPS a Micropropagation to be undertaken in carnation, gerbera, orchids, anthuriums, chrysanthemum and liliums b Use of embryo rescue in breeding for Fusarium resistant gladiolus, rose and carnation 408 c Molecular profiling of important varieties in major flower crops and cataloguing them along with international descriptors for creation of reference databases V SPICES a Use of biotechnological tools for; biotic stress resistance in (a) Black pepper (Phytophthora, Pollu and nematode); (b) Small and large cardamom (Rhizome rot, virus resistance); (c) Ginger (Rhizome rot) b Micropropagation: To be continued in black pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric, vanilla etc VI MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (MAPs) a Collection, characterization and molecular characterization of indigenous MAPs and their conservation in vitro b Commercial micropropagation of important MAPs like Isabgol, Beach, Aswagandha, Kalmegh, Coleus, Safed Musli, Brahmi, Atees, Kutki, Gudmar, etc identified by the National Medicinal Plants Board (GOI) c Establishing large-scale Hi-tech nurseries for plug plant production USE OF MOLECULAR MARKERS IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS a Genetic characterization and conservation: Use of molecular markers was especially felt for the DNA finger printing of the priority crops like Fruits: Mango, banana, citrus, guava, aonla, saffron, walnut and apple; Vegetables: Major vegetables like solanaceous group, cucurbitaceous group, and indigenous minor vegetables; Flowers: Indian-bred roses, indigenous species and cultivars in gladiolus, orchids, chrysanthemum, Spices: Black pepper, cardamoms(small and large), turmeric, ginger, tree spices etc.; Plantation crops: Coconut, cashew nut, superior tea clones and coffee genotypes; MAPs: Different important species identified by the National Medicinal Plant Board, GOI b Markers for differentiation of nucellar and zygotic seedlings in citrus and mango and sex specific markers in papaya and kokum EMBRYO RESCUE Use of this technique should be made to raise larger hybrid population for making effective selection in mango, grape and banana; and distant hybridization in papaya, citrus, brinjal, cucurbits, rose, carnation, gladiolus, etc MOLECULAR BREEDING It was proposed that in few solanaceous crops like tomato and potato, crucifers like cabbage and cauliflower and cucurbit like cucumber, bulb crops like onion and garlic, work to be initiated in consortia mode to evolve superior biotic stress tolerant varieties In coconut for root wilt and bud rot Areca nut for Yellow Leaf Disease 409 TRANSGENICS This approach will be adopted in certain selected target crops for evolving superior genotypes in fruits, vegetables, and plantations baring those crops/group that are the exportable items The different research activities and approaches during XI plan are list in the table MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS It is useful approach for generating virus-free planting material It is necessary to follow the careful indexing based on recent biotechnology methods such as immuno-probes, nucleic acid probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) This should ensure phyto-sanitory safety during the movement of planting materials Similarly, molecular testing should ensure quality control The PCR based techniques (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA; RAPD) providing a reliable methodology for identifying genotypes and studying the genetic variation Different centres accredited by the DBT should be encouraged to develop protocols for virus diagnosis by developing kits for efficient detections and maintaining the quality propagules for clonal fidelity To certify that TC raised plants are virus-free and of an assured quality Diagnostic kits are also to be developed in black pepper, cardamom, vanilla 410 Annexure-5.2 DIFFERENT PRIORITY HORTICULTURAL CROPS AND THE ISSUE TO BE TARGETED USING BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS Sl Crop Methodology No i Fruits: Banana, citrus, In vitro & cryoand apple, strawberry, conservation garcinia, ber Remarks Priority should be to those crops where already work is on and where protocols are available Vegetables: Potato, cassava, sweet potato, yam, colocasia Spices: Ginger, turmeric, black pepper, garlic ii Ornamentals: Orchids, gladiolus, carnation, chrysanthemum, Fruits: Mango, Molecular characterization Crops of indigenous origin and where banana, citrus, guava, of germplasm large number of collections are aonla, jamun, ber, available be given priority mahua, walnut, chilgoja, apple and pear rootstocks Vegetables: Brinjal, gourds, cucurbits Ornamentals: Roses, gladiolus, chrysanthemum, orchids Spices: Black pepper, cardamoms (small and large), turmeric, ginger, tree spices Plantation crops: Coconut, cashew nut, tea and coffee MAPs: Indigenous medicinal plants 411 i Fruits: Apple root Up-scaling for stocks, banana, commercialization papaya, guava, strawberry, citrus (rootstocks), aonla, grapes (rootstocks) and pineapple All horticultural crops which are under commercial micropropagation and those for which there is dearth of planting material due to area expansion Vegetables and spices: Potato, pepper, cardamom, vanilla, ginger Flowers: Orchids, chrysanthemum, carnation, gerbera, anthurium, lilium, gladiolus etc Plantation crops: Tea and coffee MAPs: All plants identified by National Medicinal Plants Board (AYUSH) ii Mango, cashew nut, sapota, areca nut, pomegranate, litchi, karonda, walnut, pecan nut, date palm, oil palm, coconut, saffron, garcinia, medicinal plants, tree spices iii Mango, citrus, papaya, nutmeg, mangosteen and Kokum i i Research on micropropagation In vitro methodologies need to be developed for these crops on priority Markers for differentiation of nucellar and zygotic seedlings in citrus and mango and sex specific markers in papaya, nutmeg and Kokum Mango, grapes, Introgression of desirable banana, papaya and genes from wild relatives citrus and for routine plant breeding Tomato – Rhizoctonia Identification of markers and Fusarium wilt, and application in breeding Cabbage & cauliflower – Sclerotium, powdery 412 These crops are prioritized based on the importance in the vegetative propagation Superior genotypes can be evolved for different intended use with added characters like tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses For assisting the research programmes on different fruit crops and aspects in focused manner These programme to be long term in nature and be continued even in the XII plan period to develop mildew, quality cucumber, Potato – Quality & biotic resistance, the end product as improved varieties Onion - blight, Cassava and pea – disease resistance Mango – malformation & spongy tissue Guava – wilt banana – sigatoka, wilt Pomegranate – Aril browning and bacterial nodal blight i Mushroom – For heterosis Vegetables: Brinjal – insect resistance, Cabbage and cauliflower – insect and fungal resistance Work on transgenics is At least 10 transgenic crop species will already in progress in be developed within the plan period some crops and will terminate in March 2007 Onion – fungal resistance Okra – virus and insect resistance Potato – virus and late blight Cassava – virus and starch quality Chilli – insect and virus resistance Tomato – virus, slow ripening, Sweet potato – insect 413 resistance Mushroom (Agaricus)– shelf-life Fruit crops: Banana – virus, shelf life Papaya – virus Grapes – fungal resistance Watermelon – virus Citrus - virus Flower crops Chrysanthemum – virus, insect resistance Carnation - fungal resistance and shelflife Rose- fungal resistance i i ii Gladiolus – virus Development of 1.Existing knowledge The different accredited centers to be diagnostic kits for major should be converted into given financial aid for developing diseases of diagnostic kits for target disease(s) in usable technology horticultural crops important horticultural crops A new A National Centre for centre totally dedicated for conducting Plant Disease Diagnostics research and developing kits for disease management to establish is to be established under DAC Tomato Already in operation The ongoing programme of DBT to under DBT continue and provision for initiating new programmes on potato and banana due Potato to their importance in Indian To be initiated in the XI horticulture Plan Banana ICAR institutes - doModernization of existing The different programmes of DBT to facilities continue along with the some additional 414 budget for initiating research work on the horticultural crops for specific traits The financial aid will be provide to develop research capabilities in different biotech labs under public sector SAUs CSIR Institutes ICMR i ii Other research organizations working on horticultural crops HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT NEEDS Area of research No of personnel to be Remarks Place of training trained In vitro conservation 15 personnel to be These personnel Five international and cryo-preservation trained and deployed to be trained and deployed at Ten national different genebanks associated with the horticultural species All national trainings Molecular 20 personnel to be These characterization of trained personnel to be at NBPGR, germplasm trained and deployed at NRCPB, ICGEB, different centers NCPGR, New Delhi undertaking research on genetic characterization and germplasm management on major horticultural crops iii Micropropagation, embryo rescue and anther culture 50 personnel (training in India) 10 personnel (training in abroad) 415 International trainings These personnel to be will be on recalcitrant trained and horticultural crops deployed at only different research centers undertaking research on crop improvement and micropropagation in the identified crop and aspects iv Molecular tagging & marker assisted selection 20 personnel (training in India and abroad) These Five trainings in personnel to be abroad on advanced trained and techniques of deployed at molecular markers different research centers undertaking research on crop improvement Personnel to be Five trainings in trained and abroad on recalcitrant deployed at species different research centers undertaking genetic transformation on important horticultural crops other than those which are exportable items vi Molecular diagnostics 10 personnel (abroad) -doOn all important diseases for diagnosis and kit development 10 personnel These personnel On important v Genomics to be trained and identified crops like deployed at tomato, cauliflower, & bioinformatics different research etc centers on different aspects of genomics and proteomics Approximately 500 These personnel i Different aspects of biotechnological additional technical and to be trained and research work scientific staff is deployed at necessary in XI Plan different research centers for assisting the ongoing long term research programmes About 10% of the For both setting All target horticultural i For developing research proposed allocation to be of research labs crops and aspects to infrastructures and earmarked for through need be covered under the v Transgenics 20 personnel (training in India and abroad) 416 HRD biotechnology and hightech horticulture in NEH region 417 based project allotted budget funding through DBT and HRD activities Annexure 10.1 LIST AGRI EXPORT ZONES IN HORTICULTURE SECTOR S No State West Bengal AEZ Project Districts / Area Vegetables Nadia, Murshidabad and North 24 Parganas Darjeeling Tea Darjeeling Gherkins Tumkur, Bangalore Urban, Bangalore Rural, Hassan, Kolar, Chitradurga, Dharwad and Bagalkot Rose Onion Bangalore (Urban), Bangalore (Rural), Kolar Flowers Bangalore (Urban), Bangalore (Rural), Kolar, Tumkur, Kodagu and Belgaum Vanilla Districts of Dakshin Kannada, Uttara Kannada, Udupi, Shimoga, Kodagu, Chickamagalur 11 Lychees Udhamsingh Nagar, Dehradun and Nainital 12 Flowers Dehradun, Pantnagar, Udhamsingh Nagar, Nainital and Uttarkashi 13 Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Pithoragarh, Dehradun, Nainital, Haridwar and Udhamsingh Nagar 14 Vegetables (Cabbage Broccoli, Okra, Peas, Carrot, Baby Corn, Green Chillies, Green Beans, Tomato) Fatehgarh Sahib, Patiala, Sangrur, Ludhiana and Ropar 15 Uttar Pradesh Maldah and Murshidabad 10 Mango Punjab Hooghly, Burdhwan, Midnapore (W), Uday Narayanpur, Howrah Potatoes Murshidabad, Malda, 24 Pargana(N) and 24 Pargana(S) Uttranchal Lychee Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Uttar Dinajpur, Cooch Behar, Howrah Karnataka Pineapple 2 Potatoes Singhpura, Zirakpur Distt Patiala and satellite centres at Rampura Phul, Muktsar, Ludhiana, Jullundur 16 Potatoes Agra, Hathras, Farrukhabad, Kannoj, Meerut, Baghpat and Aligarh, Janpad Badaiyun, Rampur, Ghaziabad, and Firozabad 17 Mangoes and Vegetables Lucknow, Unnao, Hardoi, Sitapur and Barabanki 18 Mangoes Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Bijnaur, Meerut, 418 Baghpat and Bulandshahr, Jyotifulenagar Mangoes Rantagiri, Sindhudurg, Raigarh and Thane Kesar mango Aurangabad, Beed,Jalna, Ahmednagar and Latur Flowers Pune, Nasik, Kolhapur and Sangli 23 Onion Nasik, Ahmednagar, Pune, Satara, Jalgaon, Solapur 24 Pomegranate Districts of Solapur, Sangli, Ahmednagar, Pune, Nasik, Osmanabad & Latur 25 Banana Jalgaon, Dhule, Nandurbar, Buldhana, Parbhani, Hindoli, Nanded and Wardha 26 Oranges Nagpur and Amraoti 27 Mango Pulp & Vegetables Chitoor 28 Mango & Grapes Rangareddy, Medak, Mehboobnagar 29 Mangoes Krishna 30 Gherkins Districts of Mahboobnagar, Rangareddy, Medak, Karimnagar, Warangal, Ananthapur and Nalgonda 31 Chilli Guntur 32 Apples Srinagar, Baramula, Anantnag, Kupwara, Kathua and Pulwama 33 Jammu & Kashmir Nasik, Sangli, Sholapur, Satara, Ahmednagar 22 Grape & Grapevine 21 Andhra Pradesh 19 20 Maharash-tra Walnut Baramulla, Anantnag, Pulwama, Budgam,Kupwara, Srinagar, Doda, Poonch, Udhampur, Rajouri and Kathua Tripura 34 Pineapple Kumarghat, Manu, Melaghar, Matabari and Kakraban Blocks 10 Madhya Pradesh 35 Potatoes, Onion and Garlic Malwa, Ujjain, Indore, Dewas, Dhar, Shajapur, Ratlam, Neemuch Mandsaur and Khandwa 36 Seed Spices Guna, Mandsaur, Ujjain, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Shajapur and Neemuch 37 Oranges Chhindwara Jpsjamgabad Betul 38 Cut Flowers Dharmapuri 39 Flowers Nilgiri 40 Mangoes Districts of Madurai, Theni, Virudhunagar and Tirunelveli 11 Tamil Nadu 41 12 Bihar 42 Cashewnut Lychee, Vegetables & Honey Dindigul, Cuddalore, Thanjavur, Pudukottai and Sivaganga Muzaffarpur, Samastipur, Hajipur, Vaishali, East and West Champaran, Bhagalpur, Begu Sarai, Khagaria, Sitamarhi, Saran and Gopalganj 419 13 Sikkim Mangoes & Vegetables Ahmedabad, Khaida, Anand, Vadodara, Surat, Navsari, Valsad, Bharuch, Narmada Value Added Onion Districts of Bhavnagar, Surendranagar, Amreli, Rajkot, Junagadh and Jamnagar Districts 45 Flowers (Orchids)& Cherry Pepper East Sikkim 46 14 43 44 Gujarat Ginger North, East, South & West Sikkim 15 Himachal Pradesh 47 Apples Shimla, Sirmaur, Kullu, Mandi, Chamba and Kinnaur 16 Orissa 48 Ginger and Turmeric Kandhamal 17 Jharkhand 49 Vegetables Ranchi, Hazaribagh and Lohardaga 18 Kerala 50 Horticulture Products Thrissur, Ernakulam, Kottayam, Alapuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kollam, Thiruvanthapuram, Idukki and Pallakad 51 Medicinal Plant Wayanad, Mallapuram, Palakkad, Thrissur, Ernakulam, Idukki, Kollam, Pathanamittha, Thiruvananthapuram 19 Assam 52 Fresh and Processed Ginger Kamrup, Nalbari, Barpeta, Darrang, Nagaon, Morigaon, Karbi Anglong and North Cachar 20 Rajasthan 53 Coriander Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar & Chittoor 54 Cumin Nagaur, Barmer, Jalore, Pali and Jodhpur 420 ... the responsibility of heading the prestigious Working Group on Horticulture, Plantation Crops and Organic Farming vide Order No M – 12043/6/2006 – Agri and dated 7.06.2006, for the formulation... in the country Now that the X Plan will be over by March 2007, the Planning Commission has initiated advance action for the formulation of the XI Five Year Plan by constituting a number of Working. .. Plan and further strengthened during the X Plan The Working Groups constituted by the Planning Commission during the IX and X Plans provided the necessary directions in setting priority for programmes