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REVISION FOR THE 2ND SEMESTER TEST - GRADE A/ Theory (Unit - Unit 11) Unit Pollution Vocabulary: - radioactive /ˌreɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv/ (adj): nhiễm phóng xạ Ví dụ: Radioactive pollution is not a pollution of our city (Ô nhiễm phóng xạ khơng phải vấn đề thành phố chúng tơi.) - herbicide /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ (n): thuốc diệt cỏ Ví dụ: Herbicide can pollute the groundwater (Thuốc diệt co gây nhiễm nguồn nước ngầm.) - contaminant /kənˈtỉmɪnənt/ (n): chất gây nhiễm Ví dụ: They are trying to remove contaminants from the lake (Họ cố gắng loại bỏ chất gây ô nhiễm khỏi hồ.) - aquatic /əˈkwỉtɪk/ (adj): nước Ví dụ: The aquatic ecosystem is threatened by water pollution (Hệ sinh thái nước bị đe dọa ô nhiễm nước.) Ngữ pháp: Câu điều kiện loại (Conditional Sentences – Type 1) Chức năng: Diễn tả điều kiện xảy tương lai Cấu trúc: If + S + V_s/es (+ bổ ngữ), S + will + V_nguyên mẫu (+ bổ ngữ) Hoặc: S + will + V_nguyên mẫu (+ bổ ngữ) + if + S + V_s/es (+ bổ ngữ) => Mệnh đề chứa if dùng đơn, mệnh đề (mệnh đề cịn lại) chia tương lai đơn Ví dụ: If I have enough money, I will buy a new computer (Nếu tơi có đủ tiền tơi mua máy tính mới.) If you work hard, you will make a lot of money (Nếu bạn làm việc chăm bạn kiếm nhiều tiền.) Unit English Speaking Countries Vocabulary: - native /ˈneɪtɪv/ (n/adj): xứ Ví dụ: Jim wants to speak English as a native speaker (Jim muốn nói tiếng Anh người xứ.) - spectacular /spekˈtỉkjələ(r)/ (adj): hùng vĩ, ngoạn mục Ví dụ: You can enjoy spectacular scenery from here (Bạn thưởng thức cảnh đẹp hùng vĩ từ đây.) - accent /ˈỉksənt/ (n): giọng điệu Ví dụ: She has a Southern accent (Cơ có giọng miền Nam.) - diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ (adj): đa dạng Ví dụ: In the United States, you can meet people from diverse culture (Ở Mỹ, bạn gặp nhiều người từ văn hóa đa dạng.) Ngữ pháp: Các (Present Tenses) Thì Hiện đơn Cấu trúc Dấu hiệu nhận biết * Với động từ thường: Các trạng từ: S + V_s/es + O every day/week/month/year… * Với động từ tobe: in the morning/afternoon/evening… S + am/is/are + O always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, frequently… Hiện tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V_ing + O now, at the moment, at (the) present, at this time, right now, now… Look! ; Listen! Hiện hoàn thành S + have/has + V_PII + O just, yet, never, ever, already, so far, up to now, since, for, recently, lately (gần đây), until now, up to present,… Unit Natural Disasters Vocabulary: - debris /ˈdebriː/ (n): mảnh vỡ Ví dụ: Be careful of the flying debris in the storm (Hãy cẩn thận với mảnh vỡ bay bão.) - disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ (n): thảm họa Ví dụ: Thousands of people died in the disaster (Hàng ngàn người chết thảm họa đó.) - drought /draʊt/ (n): hạn hán Ví dụ: We have suffered three years of drought (Chúng vừa trải qua năm hạn hán.) - accurate /ˈækjərət/ (adj): xác Ví dụ: It is not easy to make accurate weather forecast (Không dễ để dự báo thời tiết xác.) - collapse /kəˈlỉps/ (v): sụp đổ Ví dụ: Many buildings collapsed after the earthquake (Rất nhiều tòa nhà sụp đổ sau trận động đất.) Ngữ pháp: Câu bị động (Passive Voice) Thì Hiện đơn Hiện tiếp diễn Cấu trúc câu chủ động S + V_s/es S + am/is/are + V_PII VD: People speak English here VD: English is spoken here S + am/is/are + V_ing S + am/is/are + being + V_PII VD: They are building a new house VD: A new house is being built Hiện hoàn thành S + have/ has + V_PII Quá khứ đơn Cấu trúc câu bị động S + have/has + been + V_PII VD: We have cleaned our car VD: Our car has been cleaned S + V_ed/V2 S + was/were + V_PII VD: Someone cleaned the room VD: The room was cleaned Quá khứ tiếp diễn Tương lai đơn yesterday yesterday S + was/were + V_ing S + was/were + being + V_PII VD: They were making a cake when I arrived VD: A cake was being made when I arrived S + will + V_nguyên thể S + will + be + V_PII VD: The government will pass the new law next month VD: The new law will be passed next month Tương lai tiếp diễn S + will be + V_ing S + will be + being + V_PII VD: She will be singing a song when the VD: The song will be being sung prime minister comes in when the prime minister comes in Unit 10 Communication Vocabulary: - digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ (adj): kỹ thuật số VD: Do you have a digital camera? (Bạn có máy ảnh kĩ thuật số không?) - face-to-face (adj): trực diện VD: They rarely have face-to-face communication with each other (Họ giao tiếp trực tiếp với nhau.) - instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/ (adv): VD: Nowadays, we can send and receive messages instantly via internet (Ngày gửi nhận tin nhắn tức khắc qua mạng internet.) - channel (n): kênh VD: What’s on Channel tonight? (Có kênh tối nay?) - communicate (v): giao tiếp VD: My foreign friend and I communicate by email (Bạn nước ngồi tơi tơi giao tiếp qua thư điện tử.) - cyber (adj): thuộc internet VD: Cyberbullying is a hot issue these days (Bắt nạn qua mạng vấn đề nóng nay.) Ngữ pháp: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (Future Continuous) Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm cụ thể tương lai VD: Tonight at 11 p.m., we will be dancing at the party Để hoạch định cho việc trông thấy xảy tương lai VD: You’ll recognize me when you get there I’ll be wearing jeans and a white T-shirt I’ll be sitting at a table at the corner and reading a newspaper Hành động có dự định trước tương lai gần VD: He will be leaving in a few days Will you be going away this summer? Unit 11 Science and Technology Vocabulary: - archaeology /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/ (n): khảo cổ học VD: Josh is interested in archeology (Josh hứng thú với khảo cổ học.) - discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ (v): khám phá VD: You will be fascinated to discover the city’s history (Bạn thấy thích thú khám phá lịch sử thành phố này.) - invent /ɪnˈvent/ (v): phát minh, sáng chế VD: The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison (Bóng đèn phát minh Thomas Edison.) - patent /ˈpeɪtnt/ (n): sáng chế VD: He obtained a patent on his new product last year (Anh lấy sáng chế cho sản phẩm năm ngoái.) - precise /prɪˈsaɪs/ (adj): rõ ràng, xác VD: Can you tell me the precise time of the meeting? (Bạn nói cho tơi biết thời gian xác buổi họp khơng?) Ngữ pháp: Các tương lai (Future Tenses) Thì Tương lai đơn Cấu trúc (+) S + will + V_nguyên thể + O tomorrow, next week/month/year (-) S + won’t + V_nguyên thể + O (?) Will + S + V_ng.thể + O? Tương lai tiếp diễn Dấu hiệu nhận biết in the future in + thời gian tương lai (+) S + will be + V_ing + O at this time tomorrow/next week (-) S + won’t be + V_ing + O at 10 o’clock tomorrow (?) Will + S + be + V_ing + O? thời gian xác định thời điểm tương lai B/ EXERCISES Exercise Conditional Type 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form If we (recycle) more, we will help the Earth Factories (not dump) waste into rivers if the government fine them heavily If people travel to work by bus, there (be) fewer car fumes We (save) thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper If we use water carefully, more people (have) fresh water If the factory (continue) dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die If I (go) out tonight, I will go to the cinema If we don’t see each other tomorrow, we (see) each other next week If we go on holiday this summer, we (go) to Spain 10 He (not/get) _a better job if he doesn’t pass that exam Exercise Conditional type 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form If I were you, I (look) for a new place to live If Lan wasn’t ill, she (join) out tree planting activity If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) less pollution If people really cared about the environment, they (not dump) waste into the lake If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen) ? If you (be) the president, what would you to help the environment ? They get sick so often If they exercised more, they (be) heathier If I (have) one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city Quan’s mother is unhappy If Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be) so upset 10 There isn’t a garden at house If there were, we (grow) vegetables Exercise Present tense (simple – continuous – perfect): Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form He always _ (tell) us funny stories She never _ (help) me with that! Martha and Kevin _ (swim) twice a week In this club people usually _ (dance) a lot Lorie _ (travel) to Paris every Sunday Where's John? He _(listen) to a new CD in his room Don't forget to take your umbrella with you to London You know it always _ (rain) in England Jean _ (work) hard all day but she _(not work) at the moment Look! That boy _ (run) after the bus He _ (want) to catch it 10 Shh! The boss _ (come) We _(meet) him in an hour and nothing is ready! 11 Maria _ (learn) English for two years 12 Linda is a teacher She _ (teach) for ten years 13 Sarah is very tired, she (work) _very hard recently 14 They (not eat) anything all the morning 15 She (go) out since a.m Exercise Passive voice: Change the following sentences into passive form My father waters this flower every morning John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen We should clean our teeth twice a day Our teachers have explained the English grammar Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city Tom will visit his parents next month The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning Did Mary buy this beautiful dress? 10 I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room 11 The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War 12 The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day 13 Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema 14 The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week 15 Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum? Exercise Complete these sentences using the future continuous tense This time next year I (live) in London At 8pm tonight, I (eat) dinner with my family They (run) for about four hours Marathons are incredibly difficult! Unfortunately, I (work) on my essay so I won’t be able to watch the match She (study) at the library tonight (you/wait) at the station when she arrives? I (drink) at the pub while you are taking your exam! (she/visit) her Grandmother again this week? At 3pm today, I (watch) that movie on channel four 10 (they/attend) your concert next Friday? It would be lovely to see them Exercise Put the verb into the correct form To Infinitive or Gerund When I’m tired, I enjoy TV It’s relaxing (watch) It was a nice day, so we decided for a walk (go) It’s a nice day Does anyone fancy for a walk? (go) I’m not in a hurry I don’t mind (wait) They don’t have much money They can’t afford out very often (go) I wish that dog would stop It’s driving me mad (bark) Our neighbour threatened the police if we didn’t stop the noise (call) We were hungry, so I suggested _ dinner early (have) Hurry up! I don’t want to risk the rain (miss) 10 I’m still looking for a job, but I hope something soon (find) Exercise Put the verb into the correct form of simple future tense When we get home, we _ (have) dinner I know they _ (feel) very happy if they win the match They’ve already decided on their next summer holiday They (do) a tour of Norway She thinks that the Take That concert (be) really exciting “What are your plans for this evening?” I (meet) my friends and then go to a birthday party If you revise for the exam , I’m sure you (get) a good result The weather forecast is good for the next few days It _ (be) very sunny I can’t come on the march tomorrow I _ (look after) my cousins In the future, I think humans _ (wipe out) many different species 10 He is buying some butter and eggs because he _ (make) a cake later Exercise Reported statements: Rewrite the following statements into reported speech Lena said, “I will invite you to my birthday party.” _ The doctor said, “Your aunt doesn’t need an operation.” _ Helen said, “I can speak Spanish fluently.” _ Selena said, "I'm watching the late-night show." _ Mr Cooper said, "I take my medicine regularly." _ John said , "I am going to work for a new company next month." _ Mary said, "I have just come back from Europe." _ "I am waiting at the bus stop number ten," he told me "I will resign today," the minister announced this morning _ 10 “Jane may move to a new flat”, Rachel said ... drivers caused the accident in this city Tom will visit his parents next month The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning Did Mary buy this beautiful dress? 10 I won’t hang these old pictures... (live) in London At 8pm tonight, I (eat) dinner with my family They (run) for about four hours Marathons are incredibly difficult! Unfortunately, I (work) on my essay so I won’t be able... was a nice day, so we decided for a walk (go) It’s a nice day Does anyone fancy for a walk? (go) I’m not in a hurry I don’t mind (wait) They don’t have much money They can’t afford