[...]... References Mendez / Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook prelims Final Proof page xvi 31.10.2006 9:35pm Contents xvi 14 Hermetic Optical Fibers: Carbon-Coated Fibers Paul J Lemaire and Eric A Lindholm 453 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 453 455 460 462 466 466 Introduction History Deposition of Carbon Coatings on Fibers Fatigue Properties of Carbon-Coated Fibers Hydrogen Losses in Optical Fibers 14.5.1 Hydrogen-Induced... of polymer and hermetic coatings, strength and fatigue of optical fibers, influence of drawing conditions on optical properties of optical fibers, development of rare earth-doped as well as highly Geand P-doped fibers, photosensitivity of optical fibers, and microstructured fibers Roman Shubochkin Roman Shubochkin received BS and MS degrees in optical engineering from Moscow Power Engineering Institute,... Devices Mendez / Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook prelims Final Proof page xi 31.10.2006 9:35pm Contents xi 6.3 Fibers with Internal Electrodes 6.3.1 Electrodes 6.3.2 Applications 6.4 Multicore Fibers and Components 6.4.1 Coupled Cores 6.4.2 Uncoupled Cores 6.4.3 Manufacturing Multicore Fibers 6.5 Fibers for High-Temperature–Resistant Gratings 6.6 Summary References Rare Earth-Doped Fibers David J DiGiovanni,... Aperture Fibers 9.3.1 Standard Single-Mode Fibers 9.3.2 Boron-Doped Germano-Silicate Fibers 9.3.3 Antimony-Doped Fibers 9.3.4 Tin-Doped Fibers 9.4 High Numerical Aperture 9.4.1 Heavily Ge-Doped Silica Optical Fibers 9.4.2 Tin-Doped Germano-Silicate Fibers 9.4.3 Indium-Doped Germano-Silicate Fibers 9.5 Cladding Mode Suppression 9.6 Rare Earth-Doped Photosensitive Fibers 9.6.1 Germano-Alumino-Silicate Glass... 317 318 Mendez / Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook prelims Final Proof page xiv 31.10.2006 9:35pm Contents xiv 10.2 Light Transmission in Hollow-Core Fiber 10.2.1 Hollow Metal Waveguides 10.2.2 Wave-Guiding in Bragg and OmniGuide Fibers 10.2.3 Loss Mechanisms in OmniGuide Fibers 10.2.4 Wave-Guiding in 2D Photonic-Crystal Fiber 10.3 Applications of Hollow-Core Fibers 10.3.1 Hollow-Core Fibers for Medical... Degradation at High Temperature 15.5 Optical Properties of Metal-Coated Fibers 15.6 Summary References 491 493 500 505 506 510 510 Mendez / Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook prelims Final Proof page xvii 31.10.2006 9:35pm Contents xvii 16 Elliptical Core and D-Shape Fibers Thomas D Monte, Liming Wang, and Richard Dyott 513 16.1 513 513 Overview 16.1.1 Elliptical Core Optical Fiber 16.1.2 D-Shape Elliptical... 633 634 634 636 636 638 640 641 642 644 644 647 647 Sapphire Optical Fibers J Renee Pedrazzani 651 21.1 21.2 21 Polymer Optical Fibers Olaf Ziemann 652 The Growth of Sapphire Fiber Optical and Mechanical Characteristics of Single-Crystal Sapphire Fiber 21.3 Cladding and Coating of Sapphire Fibers 21.4 Applications of Sapphire Fibers 21.4.1 Optical Fiber Sensors 21.4.2 Medical Applications 21.5 Appendix:... References 22 656 660 663 663 667 668 669 Optical Fibers for Industrial Laser Applications Adrian Carter, Kanishka Tankala, and Bryce Samson 671 22.1 22.2 671 672 Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers: An Introduction Cladding Pumped Fibers Mendez / Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook prelims Final Proof page xx 31.10.2006 9:35pm Contents xx 22.3 Large-Mode-Area Ytterbium-Doped Fibers: The Power Revolution 22.4 Polarization-Maintaining... and Optical Loss 11.6 Applications and Potential Uses of Silica Nanofibers 11.6.1 Microscale and Nanoscale Photonic Components 11.6.2 Nanofiber Optical Sensors 11.6.3 Additional Applications References 351 351 352 352 355 357 357 362 363 367 372 374 375 377 381 381 385 388 389 394 396 396 Mendez / Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook prelims Final Proof page xv 31.10.2006 9:35pm Contents 12 xv Chiral Fibers. .. 423 423 426 426 426 Mid-IR and Infrared Fibers James A Harrington 429 13.1 13.2 429 433 434 436 437 440 441 443 445 446 446 450 450 Introduction Halide and Heavy Metal Oxide Glass Fiber Optics 13.2.1 Fluoride Glass Fibers 13.2.2 Germanate Glass Fibers 13.2.3 Chalcogenide Glass Fibers 13.3 Crystalline Fibers 13.4 Polycrystalline (PC) Fibers 13.5 Single-Crystal (SC) Fibers 13.6 Hollow-Core Waveguides 13.6.1 .