138 experiences in logistics servicer development in some ASEAN countries lessons for vietnam,khoá luận tốt nghiệp

Student : Tran Thi Kim Phuong Class : K19KDQTC Course : 2016 - 2020 Student ID : 19A4050219 Supervisor : M.A Ngo Duong MinhFACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS BANKING ACADEMY BACHELOR’S THESIS EXPERIENCES IN LOGISTICS SERVICES DEVELOPMENT IN SOME ASEAN COUNTRIES - LESSONS FOR VIETNAM Student : Tran Thi Kim Phuong Class : K19KDQTC Course : 2016 - 2020 Student ID : 19A4050219 Supervisor BANKING ACADEMY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS : M.A Ngo Duong Minh BACHELOR’S THESIS EXPERIENCES IN LOGISTICS SERVICES DEVELOPMENT IN SOME ASEAN COUNTRIES - LESSONS FOR VIETNAM Hanoi, June 2020 Hanoi, June 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I have to thank the Banking Academy and the Faculty of International Business for creating enthusiastics and dynamics academic environment for me to study in the past years I would also like to show gratitude to all of the talented and devoted teachers in the the Falcuty of International Business, who are my great source of motivation and imparted precious knowledge so that I have a solid foundation to prepare for my future career My sincere gratefulness also goes to M.A Ngo Duong Minh, who guided me since the very beginning of my dissertation, and was also very patient with my knowledge gaps and faults during process Thank you for your kind support Most importantly, none of this could have happened without my family I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study This accomplishment would not have been possible without them The thesis remains lots of limitations I look forward to receiving comments and suggestions of the lecturers so that my research topic could be improved i DECLERATION I assure that my Bachelor’s thesis with the research topic "Experiences in logistics services development in some asean countries - lessons for Vietnam" is my personal research with the guidance of M.A Ngo Duong Minh - Lecturer of the Falcuty of International Business at Banking Academy Data sources and information used during the study are derived and cited in accordance with regulations Research results in the thesis topic serve for self-study and objectively analysis I take all responsibility for my thesis Student’s signature Tran Thi Kim Phuong ii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i DECLERATION ii ABBREVIATIONS vi LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES vii INTRODUCTION The urgent of the subject .1 Literature review Research objectives Methodology Thesis structure CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS SERVICES 1.1 AN OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS SERVICES 1.1.1 The concept of logistics services 1.1.2 Components of logistics services 1.2 THE ROLE OF LOGISTICS 12 1.2.1 In the economy 12 1.2.2 In business 13 1.3 MAIN TYPES OF LOGISTICS SERVICES 15 1.3.1 Core freight logistics services 15 1.3.2 Related logistics services 15 1.3.3 Major or supportive services 16 1.4 MEMBERS IN LOGISTICS .16 1.4.1 Logistics services providers 16 1.4.2 Consumers of logistics services 18 1.5 INFLUENTIAL FACTORS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS SERVICES 19 1.5.1 Transportation infrastructure 19 1.5.2 Institutional frameworks 20 1.5.3 Technology advancements 20 iii 1.5.4 Human resource training 21 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIENCES IN DEVELOPING LOGISTICS SERVICES IN SOME ASEAN COUNTRIES 22 2.1 CURRENT SITUATION OF LOGISTICS SERVICES DEVELOPMENT IN ASEAN 22 2.1.1 ASEAN economic and trade development situation 22 2.1.2 Current situation of logistics services development in ASEAN 23 2.2 CURRENT STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS SERVICES IN SINGAPORE 25 2.2.1 Economic development conditions 25 2.2.2 Current situation of logistics service industry in Singapore 26 2.2.3 Logistics development program in Singapore 31 2.3 CURRENT STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS SERVICES IN MALAYSIA 33 2.3.1 Economic development conditions 33 2.3.2 Current situation of logistics service industry in Malaysia 34 2.3.3 Logistics development program in Malaysia 37 CHAPTER 3: DEVELOPING LOGISTICS SERVICES IN VIETNAM BASED ON THE EXPERIENCES OF SOME ASEAN COUNTRIES 40 3.1 CONDITION TO DEVELOP LOGISTICS SERVICE INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM 40 3.2 THE SITUATION OF LOGISTICS SERVICE INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM 42 3.2.1 General overview of the market 42 3.2.2 Infrastructure 46 3.2.3 Institutional framework 54 3.2.4 Vietnamese logistics enterprises 55 3.2.5 Human resources 56 3.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DEVELOPING THE LOGISTICS INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM 58 3.3.1 Strength 58 3.3.2 Weakness 59 3.3.3 Opportunity 59 iv 3.3.4 Challenge 60 ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATION TO IMPROVE LOGISTICS SERVICE INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM 62 4.1 THE LOGISTICS DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION 62 4.2 SUGGESTION FOR VIETNAM LOGISTICS SERVICES PROVIDERS .63 4.2.1 Improve capability by collaboration 63 4.2.2 Pay more attention to human resources training 65 4.3 RECOMMENDATION FOR THE VIETNAMESE GOVERNMENT 65 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 68 5.1 SUMMARY .68 5.2 LIMITATIONS 69 5.3 FUTURE RESEARCH 69 REFERENCES 70 1PL 2PL 3PL 4PL 5PL ASEAN AEC _ AIDC AMS _ APEC B2B B2G _ DWT _ EDI FCZ GATS GDP _ ICD LEAP MNCs MRT _ RFID _ SLA _ TEU _ First Party Logistics Second Party Logistics Third-party logistics Fourth-party logistics _ Fifth-party logistics Association of Southeast Asian Nations _ ASEAN economic community Automatic Identification and Data Capture ASEAN Member States Asia Pacific Economic Conference Business to business Business to government _ Deadweight tonnage Electronic Data Interchange Free trade zone General Agreement on Trade in Services Gross Domestic Product Inland Clearance Depot Logistics Enhancement and Application Program Multinational companies Mass Rapid Transit Radio Frequency Identification Singapore Logistics Association Twenty-foot equivalent unit v VLA _ Vietnam Logistics Association WTO _ World Trade Organization Figure Page Figure 3.1: Distribution of logistics enterprises by region Figure 3.2: Logistics costs as a percentage of GDP, in 2016 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.3: Volume of goods circulated by air (million tons/km) 44 Figure 3.4: Volume of goods circulated by road (million tons/km) 51 Figure 3.5: Volume of goods circulated by rail (million tons/km) 52 Figure 3.6: Proportion of logistics enterprises by capital size 56 Table 46 50 Page Table 2.1: Economic indicators of Singapore period 2014-2018 25 Table 2.2: Economic indicators of Malaysia period 2014-2018 34 Table 3.1: Economic indicators of Vietnam period 2014-2019 Table 3.2: Vietnam LPI index for the period 2010-2018 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.3: The volume of goods through the seaport system, period 20142018 41 43 47 vi However, the current common constraint in self-training logistics personnel in Vietnamese enterprises is the lack of initiative in investing in developing logistics human resources This is reflected in the fact that enterprises not have a regular and longterm recruitment plan but often only recruit when necessary to meet the immediate human resource requirements; The process of self-training is not methodical and professional It has not promoted, closely connected with training institutions to select high-quality logistics human resources 3.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES LOGISTICS INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM OF DEVELOPING THE After an overview of the Vietnam logistics market as well as in-depth analysis of aspects such as infrastructure, human resources, enterprises, legal frameworks, SWOT models will be launched in this section to assess the strength, weaknesses as well as opportunities and challenges of Vietnam's logistics industry 3.3.1 Strength Firstly, Vietnam has LPI according to the World Bank's 2018 report ranking 39/160 economies, up ranks compared to the ranking in previous reports (in 2007 and 2010, 2012) and lead in logistics activities among low-middle income countries Vietnam is considered a country with strong potential for strong development of logistics service business in the near future Secondly, the number of enterprises established and operating in the logistics industry in Vietnam is quite large and includes many sectors The country has about 23,000 businesses (surpassing Thailand, Singapore), in which the leading multinational logistics companies in the world (Top 25 or 30) have been present in Vietnam Foreign companies provide a wide range of services, especially in providing 3PL (Third Party Logistics) services with modern and professional technology level as in developed countries Thirdly, Vietnam has a huge young labor pool with competitive wage Among a population of over 94 million (2015), over 66 million is of working age (CIA,2016) The 58 average salary is able to compete with other cheap sources of labor in the region To demonstrate, the average monthly wage in Vietnam in 2013 was US $197, slightly below the Philippines and India at US $215, while it was roughly half of Thailand and a third of China average wage (ILO, 2014) Consequently, Vietnam is always one of the most attractive countries for foreign direct investment (FDI), among top ten recipients of FDI flows in Asia (UNCTAD, 2014) 3.3.2 Weakness Currently, Vietnam's logistics costs are assessed to be very high, accounting for 20,8% of Vietnam's GDP, which is considered the most expensive in the world This reduces the competitiveness of services and goods of Vietnamese enterprises Despite the large number, Vietnamese logistics enterprises are still fragmented, inexperienced and professional Most of them only provide basic services, services of small supply chains, low value-added or process for foreign companies The financial potential of Vietnamese logistics enterprises is weak (80% of established enterprises have chartered capital of several billion dongs), the ability to connect to the global network organization, the information system is not clear, and operating scale has not yet exceeded the domestic and regional scale Moreover, the linkage between logistics service enterprises with each other and with import and export enterprises is still limited, not tight and reliable This is one of the reasons our logistics service is less developed than required Vietnam logistics outsourcing rate is still very low, about 25% - 30%, while China's 63.3% (2010), Japan, the US, and European countries over 40% Human resources for logistics services are not well-trained and lacking, weak and unable to meet requirements, especially lack good logistics experts, who are capable of applying and deploying in enterprises 3.3.3 Opportunity Vietnam's economy is expected to maintain the growth rate for many years to come The size of Vietnam's logistics service market is small (about 2-4% of GDP) but the growth rate is high (20-25% per year), reaching more than 20 billion USD and has 59 not been fully exploited Import-export turnover and retail industry have a high growth rate Commercial activities flourished in Vietnam with a total trade value of US $ 350 billion in 2016 The volume of cargo through the seaport is expected to increase to 900 - 1,000 million tons by 2030 expected to be 1,600 - 2,100 million tons Two-thirds of the world's import-export (import-export) goods are forecasted to have to pass through the East Sea in the next 5-10 years, helping to improve transportation demand and creating a momentum for the logistics industry to grow stronger In general, Vietnam's logistics industry is very promising The interest from the Government through the strategic planning such as Vietnam Shipping Development Planning to 2020, orientation to 2030 will contribute to the development of the freight transport market, especially key economic zones The state has planned and in fact is and will invest in development with many capital sources of infrastructure works such as Cai Mep deep-water port, Van Phong international transit port, Long Thanh International Airport, East-West Road Corridor (EWEC), Hanoi - Hai Phong - Ha Khau - Kunming corridor, highway system, Trans-Asia railway, etc On the other hand, institutions such as customs procedures, administrative measures, speeding up the deep integration continue to be strengthened and improved 3.3.4 Challenge Firstly, transport infrastructure is weak, asynchronous, especially not creating a multi-modal transport corridor, while the demand for high-quality transit of goods between modes is growing Road transport contributes the largest proportion of revenue to the whole industry, is the type of transport with the most developed and invested transportation network, the volume of road transport goods has achieved a high growth rate in the period 2006 - 2017 However, the current road system in Vietnam is still limited such as low national highway rates and poor load capacity, making it difficult for businesses to increase costs, time and increase risks for goods Railway transport has experienced a continuous decrease in cargo throughput due to outdated infrastructure and technology failing to meet transport needs Sea transport in the past year also faced 60 many difficulties due to the imbalance, excess ships leading to fierce competition, and continuous declining freight rates The structure of the fleet is still problematic, the proportion of container vessels is very low, only 3.5%, the investment is fragmented, unsustainable, the fleet quality is still low, the number of ship owners is high but the financial capacity and limited management ability Vietnam still lacks centralized logistics areas with strategic locations, synchronized with the system of ports, airports, national highways and production facilities The linkage between ports and logistics services (such as warehouses, yards, logistics centers) is limited due to the lack of hitech applications in logistics management, leading to high industry costs In addition, institutions and policies with the logistics industry are unclear, asynchronous, inadequate, and have not created favorable conditions to support the fledgling logistics industry In many places, unofficial business expenses remain high The essential information system is not effective Meanwhile, the competition with foreign service providers is increasingly fierce Regarding the supply of logistics human resources from society, until now, only a few universities across the country have specialized logistics training combined with transport 61 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATION TO IMPROVE LOGISTICS SERVICE INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM 4.1 THE LOGISTICS DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION On July 3, 2015, the Prime Minister signed Decision No 1012 / QD-TTg approving the Planning on development of logistics system system in the whole country until 2020, with orientations to 2030 The objectives of the Planning are to: - To develop a network of logistics centers to meet well the demands of domestic production and circulation of goods and import and export - Effectively exploit Vietnam's logistics service market, which focuses on outsourced logistics services, organized and operated under the 3rd party logistics model (3PL) to promote production and business development by minimizing costs and adding added value to goods and services of enterprises Step by step deploy the 4-party logistics model (4PL) and 5-party logistics (5PL) on the basis of developing modern, efficient and professional e-commerce and supply chain management - Striving to 2020, the growth rate of logistics services will reach around 24% 25% / year, the proportion of contribution to GDP of the whole economy will be 10%, the proportion of outsourced logistics services will be around 40%, minimizing logistics costs of the whole economy to about 20% of GDP By 2030, these targets will be 34% 35%, 15%, 65% and 15% - 17% per year respectively On February 14, 2017, the Prime Minister issued Decision No 200-QD-TTg approving the Planning of action on national competition and logistics development till 2025, including goals: - By 2025, the proportion of logistics service industry in GDP will reach 8% -10%, the service growth rate will reach 15% -20%, the proportion of outsourcing logistics services will reach 50% -60% , logistics costs fall to 16% -20% of GDP, ranked by the world's logistics capacity index (LPI) in the world at 50th or higher 62 - Focusing on attracting investment in developing logistics infrastructure, building regional and international logistics centers, improving the efficiency of the connection between Vietnam and other countries Bringing Vietnam to become a regional logistics hub - Establishing leading logistics service enterprises, which are sufficiently competitive in the domestic and international markets, and at the same time support the development of logistics service enterprises according to the modern and professional motto - Manufacturing and trade enterprises manage well the supply chain, save materials and production costs, shorten the time for goods circulation - Application of new technologies in logistics, training of professional human resources, high qualifications in logistics, contributing to facilitating trade, restructuring production and trade activities of enterprises - Perfecting the State management mechanism, including policies to support the development of logistics services, laws governing the industry, and management apparatuses commensurate with the development level of Vietnam's logistics services in the process process of international economic integration 4.2 SUGGESTION FOR VIETNAM LOGISTICS SERVICES PROVIDERS 4.2.1 Improve capability by collaboration Despite the large number, Vietnamese logistics enterprises are still fragmented, inexperienced and professional In order to promote the connection between logistics and import-export enterprises as well as create more added values, there should be solutions as below Firstly, restructuring the supply chain to enhance the added value, the competitiveness of Vietnamese trade, especially exports, and actively participate in the global supply chain, firstly the import-export business of items such as garment, electronics need to restructure their supply chains, take initiative in raw materials instead of importing, creating added value rather than just processing and assembling The 63 supply chains of agricultural and aquatic products also need to be restructured following the trend of increasing high value-added processing content in order to meet rapid changes in the world market The restructuring of the supply chain of import-export businesses will link, facilitate and strongly promote the development of logistics services In addition, import and export businesses need to change the buying and selling practices, moving from the method of selling FOB (FCA for container goods) to CIF or buying FOB to CIF (CIP) or flexibly choosing to apply the Incoterms 2010 methods in which import-export enterprises can negotiate and gain the right to transport and logistics about themselves, thereby increasing cost advantages and avoiding risk damages Secondly, Vietnamese shippers need to be proactive and take advantage of the benefits of outsourcing logistics to help trade and import-export enterprises to cut costs, save unnecessary investments and manpower to focus on your core business Shippers can still control their goods at any time through modern information technology and close connection with 3PL logistics enterprises With the maturity of logistics enterprises, Vietnamese shippers can be completely trusted and entrusted, including imported goods in countries around the world where logistics enterprises have a network of agents Thirdly, establish an effective linkage mechanism between import-export and logistics enterprises In order to have a regular and effective connection, logistics enterprises need to proactively master the professional trade, such as Incoterms 2010 rules, UCP 600 - payment of goods and ICC - rules of goods insurance Import and export, information on the implementation of tariff preferences of FTAs And vice versa, import and export businesses also need to master the logistics, transportation and logistics services, including understanding of their supply chains, bilateral and multilateral trade agreements that Vietnam has signed Thereby, they will support each other in raising professional qualifications and effectively implementing professional operations to increase their competitive advantage Regularly exchanging relevant information will help import-export and logistics enterprises to grasp the situation, support operations to build a logistics transaction portal in each service area In the short 64 term, industry associations and VLA Association create links on the website to exchange and provide information from the businesses of the industry as well as information about the services of businesses providing logistics services In order for the linkage to be practical and develop in the coming time, it is necessary to set up an annual forum of linking import-export and logistics enterprises, which we believe that Vietnam Logistics Forum - VLF is a premise for the establishment of this forum 4.2.2 Pay more attention to human resources training To overcome the weaknesses of human resources which lack of both quantity and quality, some measures should be applied as follow: For existing human resources in the company, the enterprise should have a specific resource plan, implementing training and re-training by sending people to visit and learn in foreign countries In addition, enterprises should have a good remuneration policy which deserves professional and technical staff so that they can contribute more For recruiting new human resources, logistics service companies attract workers with relevant professional qualifications, foreign language proficiency, geographical knowledge, foreign trade, etc In addition, the company needs to have an internship program to attract students to their company, thereby increasing the chances of selecting good human resources Companies should associate with a number of prestigious universities to participate in the training and retraining process, from which they can recruit the best students for themselves Universities also promote logistics training to produce high quality human resources with general background knowledge of the industry In addition, it is necessary to continue promoting the role of medium and short-term training programs conducted by institutes, centers, associations and training companies to provide practical training 4.3 RECOMMENDATION FOR THE VIETNAMESE GOVERNMENT After analyzing Singapore and Malaysia's successful logistics development experience, there is no doubt that the government play a crucial role in creating effective 65 national logistics system Therefore, in this section, many recommendations will be given to emphasize the important role of the government in developing logistics industry Firstly, the government should enhance the position of logistics in the economy and have a long-term vision to 2030 and 2040 This is because although logistics is a significant industry, accounting for 20-25% of the GDP of the whole economy, the investment in the industry is not really adequate Therefore, it is necessary to improve the position of logistics in the activities of the economy, from which the state officials will focus on creating favorable conditions for the development of logistics enterprises The next suggestion is to ensure transparency and consistency of legal documents The promulgation of legal documents is overlapping, loose, not yet specified which agency is responsible for leading logistics activities This led to many sublicenses being issued, causing invisible barriers to the provision of logistics services by businesses To overcome these difficulties, a few suggestions can be given as follows: - Complete the system of legal documents to create favorable conditions and improve competitiveness for domestic businesses Reform customs procedures, implement a national one-stop shop, make electronic customs declaration, apply ecommerce, reform administrative procedures, etc, in order to facilitate import-export enterprises and enterprises logistics services cut costs, improve competitive advantage - Clearly regulating the agency in charge of supervising and managing Logistics services and related activities such as transportation, trade and customs to give enterprises favorable conditions to complete the logistics chain quickly and more efficient - The government should have a roadmap to reduce import and export administrative procedures so that it is compact but still effective to encourage investment and cooperation of foreign enterprises Besides, some measures to increase connectivity in logistics infrastructure in order to reduce logistics costs as: 66 - Build logistics centers in key economic regions, on economic corridors, creating a convenient transport connection to boost the circulation of export and import goods, product consumption for local industries Logistics centers should be connected by rail and road systems with seaports and international airports and planned in the overall circulation with industrial parks and export processing zones - Have a specific roadmap for renovating or building modern transport infrastructure, keeping up with the strict requirements of domestic and foreign enterprises to ensure logistics costs be minimized - Have a detailed strategy to upgrade the information infrastructure system to serve logistics as well as build national standards database, complete the legal corridor for ecommerce, electronic documents The application of modern information systems will meet the needs of simplicity and convenience for manufacturing businesses that want to use logistics services Lastly, in order to encourage increased technology application in government and business logistics systems, there are a few recommendations as follows: - Develop specific programs to improve the capacity of logistics service providers through the application of technology based on criteria of productivity, speed, accuracy, quality and service level The government should use the national technology innovation fund to fund these programs - Support applied research, training, technology transfer to build capacity for design, system integration, installation and maintenance of automation systems applied in transport management, warehouse, distribution center, etc - Support capital or initial working conditions for start-ups on logistics electronic platform solutions and related application start-ups - Research and apply existing solutions developed by international / regional partners to take advantage of technology resources and fast-growing links to the region 67 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 SUMMARY In short, the thesis has studied the lesson of successful development of logistics services in several Southeast Asian countries Reasonable solutions are also introduced to Vietnamese businesses and countries after careful analysis of the current situation of logistics in Vietnam and experiences from neighboring countries in ASEAN The study of successful lessons of countries with regional logistics industry development such as Singapore or Malaysia to learn is helpful for Vietnam In this successful development, it is impossible not to mention the leading role of the government who has both the right strategic direction and the direct participation or supervision to ensure effective logistics development strategy They pay attention in human resource development program, thoroughly applied information, invest in transport infrastructure system synchronously and comprehensively, and have some interesting initiatives such as the establishment of inland ports (ICDs) and free trade zones (FCZs) to help facilitate goods circulation Vietnam gathers all the favorable factors to develop successfully in logistics services industry Some advantages can be mentioned as favorable geographical conditions, improved logistics capacity, more and more businesses are engaged in logistics while the potential of the industry has not been fully exploited However, Vietnam’s logistics industry is still facing a number of challenges such as high cost, weak infrastructure connections, inefficient institutional framework In addition, Vietnamese logistics enterprises are still fragmented and workforce is facing a lack of both quantity and quality A few recommendations are also given for both Vietnamese businesses and the government Enterprises should improve capability by collaboration, promote the connection between logistics and import-export enterprises Also, they need to pay more attention to human resources training to train professional logistics staff As for the government, they should raise awareness about the importance and great contribution of 68 logistics to the economy and a long-term vision Besides, they need to ensure the consistency and transparency of legal documents and invest more into synchronization and modernization of infrastructure 5.2 LIMITATIONS Despite making potentially significant contributions the current Vietnam logistics system, this study has some limitations that must be highlighted so that the findings can be appropriately interpreted and future research chances can be identified Firstly, the paper does not include any real surveys Secondly, when analyzing Vietnam's logistics industry, no specific case about Vietnamese logistics companies are given Therefore, the research on the current situation of logistics service providers is still at an overview level of the whole industry, not specifically investigating the situation at the enterprises Lastly, the author does not study the upcoming trend of logistics in Vietnam, which is the necessary basis to make suggestions for businesses in the period logistics is integrating and subject to many changes in the near future 5.3 FUTURE RESEARCH To overcome these limitations, future researches can dig deep into 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Supervisor BANKING ACADEMY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS : M.A Ngo Duong Minh BACHELOR’S THESIS EXPERIENCES IN LOGISTICS SERVICES DEVELOPMENT IN SOME ASEAN COUNTRIES - LESSONS FOR VIETNAM Hanoi,... China is a living example of attracting foreign investment to increase export growth and GDP in the development of logistics infrastructure and logistics services 1.2.2 In business First, logistics. .. logistics countries are good at 21 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIENCES IN DEVELOPING LOGISTICS SERVICES IN SOME ASEAN COUNTRIES 2.1 CURRENT SITUATION OF LOGISTICS SERVICES DEVELOPMENT IN ASEAN 2.1.1 ASEAN economic