Tôi phải nói chuyện với bạn về vấn đề này Bạn nên lưu ý để thể hiện nghĩa vụ, điều bắt buộc hoặc việc cần phải làm gì đó trong tương lai hoặc quá khứ, “must” và “need” không được sử dụng[r]
Trang 1CẤU TRÚC VÀ CÁCH DÙNG HAVE TO TRONG TIẾNG ANH – CẤU
TRÚC NÂNG CAO
1 LÝ THUYẾT
1.1 Cấu trúc và cách dùng Have to
a Cấu trúc have to
Have to là một trợ động từ hình thái, nhưng thực tế nó không phải là một động từ hình thái
(động từ khuyết thiếu) Và càng không phải là một trợ động từ, trong cấu trúc have to, “have” là một động từ chính
Cấu trúc: S+ have to + V (infinitive)
Ghi chú: Trong đó S là chủ thể, còn V động từ nguyên mẫu
Ví dụ:
- We have to give him our answer today or lose out on the contract
(Chúng ta phải đứa anh ấy câu trả lời hôm nay hoặc mất hợp đồng)
I have to send a report to Head Office every week
(Bạn phải gửi một báo cáo cho trưởng văn phòng mỗi tuần)
b Cách dùng Have to
Ta có thể sử dụng “Have to” để diễn tả một nghĩa vụ mạnh mẽ Khi ta sử dụng “Have to”
thường có nghĩa là một số hoàn cảnh bên ngoài làm cho các nghĩa vụ trở nên cần thiết
Ta cũng có thể dùng “have got to” vì ý nghĩa giống như “Have to”, nhưng với ý nghĩa nhẹ
nhàng và ít trang trọng hơn Và sử dụng “Will have to” để nói về nghĩa vụ mạnh mẽ, thường có nghĩa rằng cá nhân làm nghĩa vụ cần thiết Hãy nhớ rằng “Will” thường được sử dụng để hiển
thị “Willingness” sẵn sàng Have (got) to đứng trước động từ chính, theo sau nó ta không được
sử dụng modal verb, và thường được rút gọn, đặc biệt là trong văn nói: “ ’ve got to”
Ví dụ:
I’ve got to take this book back to the library or I’ll get a fine
(Tôi phải trả sách lại thư viện hoặc tôi sẽ có một đấu tích)
They’ll have to do something about it
(Họ sẽ phải làm điều gì đó với nó)
*Phủ định của cấu trúc Have to
Trong cấu trúc, để mang nghĩa không, phủ định ta thường thêm not vào sau động từ Nhưng
với “Don’t have to” hoặc “Haven’t got to” để tuyên bố rằng KHÔNG nghĩa vụ hoặc không cần
thiết Tuy nhiên, có một sự khác biệt rất lớn trong các thể phủ định Để tạo ra thể phủ định của
“have to”, ta phải dùng các trợ động từ tương ứng với thì: “do not, does not, did not” hoặc
“don’t, doesn’t, didn’t” Còn thể phủ định của “have got to” chúng ta chỉ việc thêm “not” vào phía sau mà không sử dụng “don’t, doesn’t, didn’t”
Cấu trúc: S + trợ động từ + not + have to + V
Ví dụ:
• We haven’t got to pay for the food (Chúng tôi không phải trả tiền ăn)
• He doesn’t have to sign anything if he doesn’t want to at this stage (Anh ta không phải
ký bất cứ thứ gì nếu anh ta không muốn ở giai đoạn này)
Trang 2c Một số lưu ý khi sử dụng Have to
Have to được sử dụng thì hiện tại và ở nhiều hình thức khác nhau như
Ví dụ:
I’ve got to study for the exam (Tôi phải học để kiểm tra)
Không dùng: I’d got to study for the exam (’d là viết tắt của had), hay I’ll have got to study for
the exam
Phải sử dụng những mẫu sau để nói cho đúng
• I have to study for the exam (Tôi phải học để kiểm tra)
• I had to study for the exam
• I’ll have to study for the exam
• She has to call her parents by ten o’clock (Cô ấy phải gọi cho mẹ của cô ấy vào lúc 10h)
• She’d had to call her parents by ten o’clock
Have (got) được sử dụng khi là những nhiệm vụ, kế hoạch đã sẵn sàng hoặc hiển nhiên, thì
hiện tại của have (got) to được sử dụng nhiều hơn so với will have to
Ví dụ:
• Jane has got to be at the office by four o’clock (Jane phải có mặt tạo văn phòng vào lúc 4h)
• I have to pick up our customer at the airport at five o’clock (Tôi phải đón khách hàng của chúng tôi tại sân bay vào lúc 5h)
1.2 Phân biệt cấu trúc have to và must
Tuy nhiên, must cũng đồng nghĩa với have to nghĩa là sự bắt buộc, phải, nhưng để làm sao
phân biệt được 2 từ khác nhau ở cách sử dụng Các bạn hãy đọc bài tiếp nhé
Must thì thể hiện được cảm xúc của người nói còn have to thì không
Ví dụ:
You must come and visit us when you’re in Hue
(Bạn phải đến thăm chúng tôi khi bạn tới Huế đấy.)
You have to come and visit us for annual check-out
(Bạn phải đến thăm chúng tôi để làm các thủ tục kiểm tra hàng năm)
2 từ have to và must khác nhau ở chỗ Have to thể hiện các nghĩa vụ chung chung, nói chung, còn must thể hiện các nghĩa vụ cụ thể, chi tiết
Ví dụ:
I have to brush my teeth three times a day
(Tôi phải đánh răng ba lần một ngày)
I must have a talk with you about this issue
(Tôi phải nói chuyện với bạn về vấn đề này)
Bạn nên lưu ý để thể hiện nghĩa vụ, điều bắt buộc hoặc việc cần phải làm gì đó trong
tương lai hoặc quá khứ, “must” và “need” không được sử dụng Chúng được thay thế
bằng have to
Ví dụ:
Trang 3We must (need to) buy some groceries
(Chúng ta phải (cần) mua một ít đồ)
We had to buy some groceries yesterday
(Hôm qua chúng tôi đã phải mua một ít đồ)
We will have to buy some groceries
(Chúng ta sẽ phải mua một ít đồ)
Dạng phủ định của “have to” và “must” mang nghĩa hoàn toàn khác nhau
“Must not” thể hiện sự cấm đoán, bắt buộc làm theo cái gì đó
“Don’t have to” thể hiện những nghĩa vụ không cần thiết, không bắt buộc phải làm
Ví dụ:
- You don’t have to buy gift when I invite you over for dinner
(Bạn không cần phải mua quà khi tôi mời bạn qua ăn tối đâu)
- Trong ví dụ trên, động từ “buy” không mang nghĩa cấm đoán, bắt buộc nghĩa là bạn có thể
mua quà hoặc không mua, bạn chỉ cần qua nhà tôi ăn tối thôi
- You mustn’t drink and drive That’s against the laws
(Cậu không được uống rượu khi lái xe Thế là vi phạm pháp luật)
Với ví dụ trên, “drink and drive” uống rượu và lái xe hoàn toàn bị cấm vì vi phạm pháp luật
2 BÀI TẬP
2.1 Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1 Yesterday I finish my chemistry project
A must
B mustn’t
C had to
D have to
2 Susie will wait in line like everyone else
A must
B have to
C has to
D need
3 All employees on time for work
A must be
B mustn’t
C have to
D don’t have to
4 We forget to take the pork out of the freezer
A have to not
B must
Trang 4C mustn’t
D ought to
5 If you are under 13 you _ to get your parents’ permission
A have
B must
C mustn’t
D don’t have to
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 1
1C
2B
3A
4C
5A
2.2 Bài 2: Điền từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống
Your daughter may try on a few different sizes
The lawyer _ get here as soon as he can
Do you _ work next weekend?
Bicyclists _ remember to signal when they turn
Susie, you _ leave your clothes all over the floor like this
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 2
1 have to
2 must
3 have to
4 must
5 musn’t
2.3 Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng:
1 Yesterday was the deadline that I finish my chemistry project
A must
B mustn’t
C had to
D have to
2 Susie will wait in line to get a ticket for the concert
A must
B have to
Trang 5C has to
D need
3 All employees in this factory on time for work
A must be
B mustn’t
C have to
D don’t have to
4 We forget to turn off the air conditioner before going home
A have to not
B must
C mustn’t
D ought to
5 If you are under 13 you _ to get your parents’ permission
A need
B must
C musn’t
D don’t have to
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 4:
1 C (do có “yesterday” nên động từ ở dạng quá khứ)
2 B (do có “will” nên không đi cùng modal verb, “wait” ở dạng nguyên thể)
3 A (cấu trúc “be on time”)
4 C (dựa vào nghĩa)
5 A (do có “to get” nên phải chọn từ phù hợp)
2.4 Bài 4: Điền từ HAVE TO hoặc MUST (not)
1 The dress is a little bit tight You may try on a few different sizes
2 The students _ get here after 4.pm because the school will begin at 4pm
3 Do you _ work next weekend?
4 Drivers _ remember to signal when they turn
5 John!! You _ leave your clothes all over the bed like that!!
6 Did you _finish your exercises yesterday
7 Last month, I go to the hospital twice a week
8 I go now, it’s too late
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 4:
1 Have to
Trang 62 Mustn’t
3 Have to
4 Have to
5 Mustn’t
6 Have to
7 Had to
8 Must/ Have to
2.5 Bài 5: Complete the sentences with have to/has to/had to
1 Bill start work at 5a.m He has to get up at four (he/get up)
2 I broke my arm last week Did you have to go to hospital? ( you/go)
3 There was a lot of noise from the street the window (we/close)
4 Karen can’t stay for the whole meeting early(she/leave)
5 How old to drive in your country(you/be)
6 I don’t have much time .(I/hurry)
7 How is Paul enjoying his new job? a lot?(he/travel)
8 "I’m afraid I can’t stay long" "What time ?"(you/go)`
9 "The bus was late again." "How long ?"(you/want)
10 There was nobody to help me I everything by myself (I/do)
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 5:
3: We had to close
4: She has to leave
5: do you have to be
6: I have to hurry
7: does he have to travel
8: do you have to go
9: did you have to wait
10: had to do
2.6 Bài 6: Complete the sentences using have to + the verb in the list Some sentences
are positive (have to ) and some are negative
(I don’t have to )
ask do drive get up go make make pay show
1 I’m not working tomorrow so I don’t have to get up early
2 Steve didn’t know how to use the computer so I had to show him
3 Excuse me a moment – I a phone call I won’t be long
4 I’m not busy I have few things to do but I them now
5 I couldn’t find the street I wanted I somebody for directions
Trang 76 The car park is free You to park your car there
7 A man was injured in the accident but he to hospital because it wasn’t serious
8 Sue has a senior position in the company She important decisions
9 When Patrick starts his new job next month, he 50 miles to work every day
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 6:
3: have to make
4: don’t have to do
5: had to ask
6: don’t have to pay
7: didn’t have to go
8: has to make
9: will have to drive
2.7 Bài 7: In some of these sentences must is wrong or unnatural Correct the sentences where necessary
1 It’s later than I thought I must go Ok
2 I must work every day from 8.30 to 5.30 I have to work
3 You must come and see us again soon
4 Tom can’t meet us tomorrow He must work
5 I must work late yesterday evening
6 I must get up early tomorrow I have lots
to do 7 Julia wears glasses She must wear glasses
since she was very young
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 7:
3: OK
4: He has to work
5: I had to work late yesterday evening
6: OK
7: She has had to wear glasses since she was very young
2.8 Bài 8: Complete the sentences with mustn’t or don’t/doesn’t have to
1 I don’t want anyone to know about our plan You mustn’t tell anyone
2 Richard doesn’t have to wear a suit to work but he usually does
3 I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I go to work
4 Whatever you do, you touch that switch.It’s very dangerous
5 There’s a lift in the building so we climb the stairs
Trang 86 You forget what I told you.It’s vry important
7 Sue get up early, but she usually does
8 Don’t make so much noise We wake the children
9 I eat too much.I’m supposed to be on a diet
10 You be good player to enjoy a game of tennis
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 8:
3: don’t have to
4: mustn’t
5: don’t have to
6: mustn’t
7: doesn’t have to
8: mustn’t
9: mustn’t
10: don’t have to
2.9 Bài 9: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence
1: I go to the hospital I want to meet my old friend for the last time
A Have to
B Has to
C Must
D Must to
2: I go to the hospital I have a meeting with my doctor
A Have to
B Has to
C Must
D Must to
3: She get up ealy on Monday She want to do a lot of thing on this day
A Have to
B Has to
C Must
D Must to
4: She get up early on Monday She will have an important meeting on this day
A Have to
B Has to
C Must
D Must to
Trang 95: I haven’t phoned my mom for a month I phone her right after I’ve finished my
job
A Have to
B Has to
C Must
D Must to
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 9: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence
1 - C; 2 - A; 3 - C; 4 - B; 5 - C;
2.10 Bài 10 Complete the sentences with have to/ has to/ had to
1 Bill start work at 5a.m He has to get up at four (he/ get up)
2 I broke my arm last week Did you have to go to hospital? (you/ go)
3 There was a lot of noise from the street the window (we/ close)
4 Karen can't stay for the whole meeting Early (she/ leave)
5 How old to drive in your country (you/ be)
6 I don't have much time (I/ hurry)
7 How is Paul enjoying his new job? a lot? (he/ travel)
8 "I'm afraid I can't stay long." "What time ?" (you/ go)
9 "The bus was late again." "How long ?" (you/ want)
10 There was nobody to help me I everything by myself (I/ do)
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 10 Complete the sentences with have to/ has to/ had to
3: We had to close
4: She has to leave
5: do you have to be
6: I have to hurry
7: does he have to travel
8: do you have to go
9: did you have to wait
10: had to do
2.11 Bài 11: Complete the sentences using have to + the verb in the list Some
sentences are positive (have to ) and some are negative
(I don't have to )
ask do drive get up go make make pay show
1 I'm not working tomorrow so I don't have to get up early
2 Steve didn't know how to use the computer so I had to show him
3 Excuse me a moment – I a phone call I won't be long
Trang 104 I'm not busy I have few things to do but I them now
5 I couldn't find the street I wanted I somebody for directions
6 The car park is free You to park your car there
7 A man was injured in the accident but he to hospital because it wasn't serious
8 Sue has a senior position in the company She Important decisions
9 When Patrick starts his new job next month, he 50 miles to work every day
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 11: Complete the sentences using have to + the verb in the list Some sentences are
positive (have to ) and some are negative
3: have to make
4: don't have to do
5: had to ask
6: don't have to pay
7: didn't have to go
8: has to make
9: will have to drive
2.12 Bài 12: In some of these sentences must is wrong or unnatural Correct the
sentences where necessary
1 It's later than I thought I must go Ok
2 I must work every day from 8.30 to 5.30 I have to work
3 You must come and see us again soon
4 Tom can't meet us tomorrow He must work
5 I must work late yesterday evening
6 I must get up early tomorrow I have lots to do
7 Julia wears glasses She must wear glasses since she was very young
ĐÁP ÁN Bài 12: In some of these sentences must is wrong or unnatural Correct the sentences
where necessary
3: OK
4: He has to work
5: I had to work late yesterday evening
6: OK
7: She has had to wear glasses since she was very young
2.13 Bài 13: Complete the sentences with mustn't or don't/ doesn't have to
1 I don't want anyone to know about our plan You mustn't tell anyone
2 Richard doesn't have to wear a suit to work but he usually does
3 I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I go to work