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I H C QU C GIA TP H CHÍ MINH I H C BÁCH KHOA PHAN THANH LÂM NGHIÊN C N CH D C TH I CÂY Chuyên ngành: Công ngh Môi Mã s : 340000005 LU TP H NG C NG M KHI TÁI S T ng – – HCM : : Tr ngày 30 tháng 07 Thành ph n H i ng i h c Bách Khoa, HQG Tp HCM 2014 ng nh giá lu n v n th c s g m: Xác nh n c a Ch t ch H i ngành sau lu n v n ã ng h giá LV c s a ch a (n u có) lý chuyên - PHAN THANH LÂM 06/06/1988 - MSHV: 12250610 TP HCM Chuyên ngành: : 340000005 I II - – 1000 mg/l TN = 150 – 500 mg/l su III : 19/08/2013 IV : 30/06/2014 V Tp HCM, ngày 01 tháng 09 B B 14 GVHD: tôi tôi n – PGS.TS tơi tơi tơi tơi em – – tình tơi tơi tơi anh , Phó Phịng tơi hình tơi tơi tơi TPHCM, ngày 30 tháng 06 Phan Thanh Lâm HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 i “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân TÓM T T LU Vi c tái s d c th i ch bi n m cao su ch y u doanh nghi p có h th ng x t c t A QCVN 01:2008/BTNMT, ch ng th t hi u qu t n d ng l i ích tái s d ng v c th i ch bi n m cao su có thành ph giá s ng c c th c ng Nghiên c u có ng d ng cao vi n ngu n c giá tr c a thông s ô nhi c th i ý N i dung nghiên c u bao g m (i) th c hi n mơ hình th m t i phịng thí nghi m khoa ng Tài nguên nh nh h s th m, h s phân h y, (ii) ch y mơ hình lan truy n ô nhi m (GMS) v i thông s u vào COD = 500 – 1000 mg/l TN = 150 – 500 mg/l (iii) thí nghi i quy mô pilot t i lô cao su v i cho ô th nghi m kho ng m /ha/tu n t i 0,5 kg COD/ha/ngày v c th i cao su K t qu c cho th y: (i) COD dòng th m c th i cao su có th t chu n lo i A QCVN 01: 2008/BTNMT sâu kho ng mv c th h c, (ii) n lý k khí m v c th TN COD lan truy n t lý sinh h c b ng h sinh c ng t tr ng thái nh i liên t c sâu m c t nh m sau 12 tháng sâu nm c t nh 9.5 m Vi n m c t nh 10 m (iii) cho th y bCOD th Nghiên c u Cao su, xã Lai khê có th b kh yn c ng m gi ng quan tr c ch t h y sinh h c l i ho c t HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 t nh h p ii “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân SUMMARY Rubber wastewater reuse rmainly takes place at companies with processing system reached the column A QCVN 01:2008/BTNMT, with extremely low nutrient levels and don’t take advantage of reuse rubber wastewater which has high nitrogen and photphorus concentration This study has applications in the evaluation of the high impact of rubber waste and livestock in infiltration to groundwater, as well as determine the values of the parameters of sewage pollution in the processing units of natural rubber, pig breeding facilities when watering not to cause environmental pollution that is specific groundwater quality This research is of great significance to the use of recycled water from wastewater after treatment l attention rubber and water after handling animal waste biogas for irrigation purposes in Binh Duong Province The content of the research include (i) implement permeability model at the Faculty of Environmenta and Natural Resources’s Laboratory to determine the permeability coefficient, decomposition coefficient, (ii) model the spread of pollution (GMS) with input parameters COD = 500 – 1000 mg/l and TN = 150 – 500 mg/l and (iii) Scale irrigation experiment in the pilot at rubber block with the amount of water for the experiment block is about m3/ha/week and the load of COD water is 0,5 kg COD/ha/day with rubber effluent The results showed that: (i) COD of rubber effluent can reach type A standard QCVN 01: 2008/BTNMT when the water level is at m with the anaerobic wastewater and m with biological effluents treated by aerotank, (ii) value of TN and COD spread in the aquifer reach steady state after 10 months water at static water level m and after 12 months at at static water level 10 m and (iii) shows that when bCOD absorb to static water level 9.5 m at Rubber Research Institute, ward Lai Khê can be completely reduced (~100%) The Instruction suggested the quality for wastewater reuse in rubber trees irrigation give limit values for COD, BOD5, SS, TKN and coliform summation HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 iii “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân L li u, k t qu lu ng ngồi tơi cơng b b t k cơng trình khác TP H H c viên Phan Thanh Lâm HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 iv “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân M CL C NHI M V LU L i TÓM T T LU ii L iv M C L C v DANH M C CÁC T VI T T T vii DANH M C B NG viii DANH M C HÌNH xi M U 1.1 M u 1.2 M tài 1.3 N i dung nghiên c u 1.4 tài c th c ti n i HI N TR NG X C TH S C TH I CH BI N M CAO D C 2.1 Hi n tr ng x c th i tái s d c th i 2.1.1 T ng quan v m x c th i 2.1.2 Hi n tr ng x c th i ngành ch bi n m cao su thiên nhiên 2.1.3 Hi n tr ng x c th 18 2.2 Tình hình tái s d c th i c 28 2.2.1 T ng quan v tái s d c 28 2.2.2 L i ích c a vi c tái s d c 32 2.2.3 T ng quan nghiên c u tái s d c th i t ngành ch bi 34 2.2.4 Tình hình s d c tái s d c th cao su 40 d HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 c th i 44 v “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i 2.3.1 Nhu c t i ch 2.3.2 ng c 2.3.3 T n d ng ch 2.3.5 GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy ng c c Dân n cao su 45 u cs 46 ng 47 m n tái s d c th i tiêu 52 U 60 3.1 Kh o sát t t m t 60 3.1.1 M c tiêu 60 3.1 3.1.3.Tính ch t t o sát 62 t m t 64 3.2 Thí nghi m th m quy mơ phịng thí nghi m 64 3.2.1 Mơ hình 64 3.3.2 V t li u 65 3.3.4 u ki n v n hành 66 nh h ng s h p ph chuy n hóa sinh h c 67 3.3.5 y m u, b o qu n m u phân tích m u 68 3.3 Thí nghi i quy mô pilot 69 3.3.1 B trí thí nghi m 69 3.3.2 Ngu 3.4 c th i cách th n ô nhi i 70 c ng m 71 T QU NGHIÊN C U 75 4.1 Thí nghi m th m quy mơ phịng thí nghi m 75 4.2 Thí nghi i quy mơ pilot 88 n ô nhi c ng m 93 4.3.1 Gi i 93 nghi m pilot 110 115 115 116 TÀI LI U THAM KH O 117 PH L C 157 PH L C 126 HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 vi “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t DANH M C CÁC T GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân VI T T T BOD Nhu c u oxy sinh hóa – Biochemical Oxygen Demand ng BTNMT B COD Nhu c u oxy hóa h c – Chemical Oxygen Demand c th i HTXLNT H th ng x c th i TXLNT Tr m x KPH Không phát hi n KHKT Khoa h c k thu t KCN Khu công nghi p NTCN DRC VAR RRIM CEC RO GMS UASB WQI c th ng cao su khô – Dried rubber Content Hi p h i cao su Viêt Nam Vi n Nghiên c u Cao su Malaysia Kh i ion – Cation Exchange Capacity Màng l c th m th u c – Reverse Osmosis H th ng thơng tin tồn c u – Global System for B ph n ng có l ng dòng ch c – Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Ch s ch c – Water Quality Index Ch s áp l c ng t – Water stress index, B x lý t ng m luân phiên – Sequencing Batch Reactor WSI SBR WSP waste stabilization pond Bi i khí h u DOC cacbon h t tr ng Phân bón Qu c gia NISF Vi SNV T ch c h p tác phát tri n Hà Lan HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 vii “Nghiên c d c th i cao n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân [39] H X c Th Nhà xu t b n khoa h c k thu t, Hà N i [40] Dân, N.P (2009) Application of BAC-BSF-RO technology in reuse of domestic wastewater in HCM city H i ngh khoa h c công ngh l n th 11 [41] QCVN 09:2008/ BTNMT – Quy chu c ng m [43] c Hòa (2013) http://www.caosuphuochoa.vn/gioi-thieu.html TÀI LI C NGOÀI [1] A.D Levine, T Asano, Water reclamation, recycling and reuse in industry, in: P Lens, L.Hulshoff Pol, P Wilderer, T Asano (Eds.), Water Recycling and Resource Recovery in Industry, IWA Publishing, London, UK, 2002 [2] Van der Bruggen – chapter 3, 2010 The Global Water Recycling Situation Sustainability Science and Engineering – pages 41-62 [3] D Bixio, B De heyder, H Cikurel, M Muston, V Miska, D Joksimovic, A.I.Schaăfer, A Ravazzini, A Aharoni, D Savic, C Thoeye, Municipal wastewater reclamation: where we stand? An overview of treatment technology and management practice, Water Sci Technol.: Water Supply 5(1) (2005) 77–85 [4] 2011 – Vince Lencioni, Claire Carranza, Alejandro Vega, and Heber Vega – Mexico water report – from http://www.lgaconsulting.com/water/IEMexicoWaterReport-2011Winter-WaterReuseInMexico.html [5] Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, Beijing Survey Organization of National Bureau of Statistics of China, Beijing Statistical Yearbook 2011, China Statistics Press, Beijing, 2011 [6] Choukr-Allah, R (2010) Wastewater treatment and reuse In Arab environment water Sustainable Management of a scarce resource AFED Arab Forum for Environment and Development, Beirut (Vol 227) [7] 2012 – Australia's water reuse target under threat – Global Water intelligegce – http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/13/3/general/australias-water-reuse-targetunder-threat.html [8] 2012 – Australia's water reuse target under threat – Global Water intelligegce – http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/13/3/general/australias-water-reuse-targetunder-threat.html [9] Wastewater reclamation and reuse in Beijing: Influence factors and policy implications – 2012 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved – School of Environment and HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 119 “Nghiên c d c th i cao n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No 59, Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, PR China – from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916412002196 [10] 2010 – EJ Lee, SW Park., CH Seong, HK Kim, KW Jung – Wastewater reclamation and reuse practices for Agriculture in Korea – http://www.csbescgab.ca/docs/meetings/2010/CSBE101639.pdf [11] J.C Radcliffe, Water Recycling in Australia, Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, Parkville, Vic., Australia, 2004 [12] ANPHA, AWWA, WPCF (1999) Standard methods for the Examination of Waterand Wastewater, 20th Edition American Public Health Association Washington, D.C [13] Dolmat M.T, Karim M.Z., Isa Z., and Pillay K.R (1979) Land Disposal of Rubber Factory Effuent Its Effects on Soil Properties and Performance of Rubber and Oil Palm Proc Rubb Res Inst Malaysia Plrs’ Conf Kuala Lumpur 1979, 436 [14] Hong, C.W (1981) Ponding as a Treatment System for Effluent with Special Reference to Latex Concentrate Factories Proceedings of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia Planters’ Conference 1981, pp 381-387 [15] Ibrahim, A, M.Z Karim and Z Isa (1979) Treatment of rubber Effluent Using Oxidation Ditch Process Proceedings of Symposium on Recent Development in Effluent Treament Technology, Kuala Lumpur 1979, pp 245-255 [16] Ibrahim, A (1980) A Laboratory Evaluation of removal of nitrogen from rubber Prosessing Effluent using the Oxidation Ditch Process Journal of the rubber Research Institute of Malaysia.(28):26 [17] Ibrahim, A (1983) Improved Anaerobic Digestion of Rubber Effluent Using the Upflow Anaerobic Filter Proceedings of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia Planters’ Conference, 1983, 369-379 [18] Karim M.Z and Bachik A.T (1989) Comparative Study fo Rubber Effluent and an Inorganic Fertiliser as Sources of Plant Nutrients for Hevea and Their Effects on Soil Properties J Nat Rubb Res., 4(4) 260 [19] Metcalf & Eddy Inc (1991) Wastewater Engineering – Treatment, Disposal and Reuse (Tchobanoglous, G and F Burton ed.) 3rd ed New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc [20] Delgado, C., M Rosegrant, H Steinfeld, S Ehui, and C Courbois.(1999) Livestock to 2020:The Next Food Revolution 2020 Vision Discussion Paper No 28 Washington, D.C.:International Food Policy Research Institute HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 120 “Nghiên c d c th i cao n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân [21] Douglas, W.H, William, G.L & Aimee, D.H Production and Characteristics of Swine Manure, F-1735, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service and Division of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources [22] Catelo, A.O., Dorado M.A and E Agbisit Jr (2001) Backyard and commercial piggeries in the Phillipines: environmental consequences and pollution control options, Research report, Economy and environment program for Southeast Asia, Singapore [23] Bortone, Giuseppe (2009) Integrated anaerobic/aerobic biological treatment for intensive swine production, Bioresource Technology, 100, 5424 – 5430 [24] Fedro, T.G, Germán G.V, Jorge H.S, Carlos Q.F, Joan G & Jaume P (2009) Treatment of swine wastewater with subsurface-flow constructed wetlands in Yucatán, Mexico: Influence of plant species and contact time, Water SA (on-line) vol 35 No.3 April 2009 [25] B Van der Bruggen (2010) The Global Water Recycling Situation Sustainability Science and Engineering, Volume 2, 41 – 59 [26] Brouwe C and Heibloem M (1986) Irrigation Water Management: Irrigation Water Needs FAO Publishcation ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/aglw/fwm/Manual3.pdf [27] Chaiprapata S., Sdoodeeb S (2007) Effects of wastewater recycling from natural rubber smoked sheet production on economic crops in southern Thailand Resources, Conservation and Recycling 51 (2007), pp 577–590 [28] J L de Victorica*, M Galván and R Ayala (2008) TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS FROM SMALL PIGGERY FARMS IN MEXICO, INTENDED FOR REUSE http://www.smallwat.org/2007/pdf/reuse/paper/6paper_oral3.pdf [29] Maite G.C., Peter A Troch, Alan D Ziegler, Thomas W Giambelluca, Matej Durcik, John B Vogler and Michael A Nullet (2010) Hydrologic effects of the expansion of rubber (Heveabrasiliensis) in a tropical catchment Ecohydrol 3, 306– 314 (2010) [30] Yameli Aguilar, Francisco Bautista; Elvira Díaz-Pereira (2011) SOILS AS NATURAL REACTORS FOR SWINE WASTEWATER TREATMENT Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 13 (2011): 199- 210 [31] Maheswaran A and John C.K (1991) Manual on Pollution control in the palm oil and rubber industries UNDP, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [32] Omorisi and Victor Irogue (2013) Evaluation of wastewater from rubber ltex concentrate for microbiological and physico-chemical properties Research 2013; 5(5) http://www.sciencepub.net/research HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 121 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy t c Dân PH L C HÌNH NH Máy khoan l y m Cơng tác khoan l y m HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 t t 122 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i K tc HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân t t – 16 m 123 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân Mô hình th m HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 124 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c th HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 c ng m tái s i t i mơ hình pilot su Vi t Nam GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân Vi n Nghiên c u Cao 125 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân PH L C LÝ THUY T C A PH N M M GMS LÝ THUY T C A PH N M M GMS t nh ng mơ ph ng d ng hình h c c a t ng ch c tv s v t c a Darcy, ng dòng ch y nghiên c u d không gian n x K xx h x h y K yy y z K zz h z W Ss h t Kxx , Kyy , Kzz: h: W: (x,y,z) S: Ss = Ss(x,y,z), Kxx = Kxx(x,y,z), Kyy = Kyy(x,y,z), Kzz = Kzz(x,y,z): k ( :n ) = ( )+ + hòa tan c a ch t k , r ng c t, không th nguyên : th i gian, T : kho ng cách, L : h s khoách tán, : v n t c th m, HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 126 “Nghiên c d c th :t n ch dòng m :n GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy t c Dân th tích, c a ch t k, : thành ph n có k n ph n ng hóa h c, cm r i d ng: (3) ( = c ng m tái s i :s it ) = + c am = + c ng m nh Quá trình ph n ng hóa h bao g ng c a ph n ng hóa sinh ph n a hóa h c q trình lan truy n ch t nhi m N u ch n hai lo i ph n ng hóa h n q trình ph n ng hóa h c có th c bi u di sau: (4) = : t tr : t, n h p th c a ch t k, :t ph n ng pha hòa tan c a ph n ng b c 1, :t ph n ng pha hòa tan c a ph n ng b c 2, n ph th vi i d ng: (5) + ck ( = )+ n ng v t ch t Tr ng thai cân b n trình th m hút Khi gi thi t v tr ng thái cân b ( = R ng )+ nh b =1+ c vi t d nh lu t Darcy: (8) = d n th y l c, H: áp l c, L Áp l c tinh t HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 = c ng m chi u: (9) 127 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t + GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy = n c a mơ hình lan truy n mơ t n c a ch tr ng thái nh t th u ki u r t c n thi u ki c vi i d ng: (10) ( , , , ) = ( , , ) , ký hi ( , , ) n c Dân c c ng m n u th cho toan b ph m vi mơ hình ( n, ) ph n bi u di di chuy n c a ch t nhi m dịng ch Trong nhi ng h p lan truy n ch t ô nhi cs d tr i c th c: (11) = | | l nc : chi nt s c ng m v i v n t c th m ph n r ng ng chi Ch nh b ng công | | n t c th m, c l y b ng b r ng c i, L : h s phân tán Trong nh ng h , ch s Peclet r t l n, nh ng ng h p ch có x u, ch s Peclet b Quá trình phân tán S phân tán trình h n h p gây b i s bi n thiên v n t c t ng r ng Quá trình ct c trình khu ch tán phân t Quá trình khu ch tán phân t so v h c Ch v n t c c a dòng ch c ng m th p trình khu ch tán phân t m i c g i chung trình phân tán th y l c H s phân tán th y l c = | | = = HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 | | | | + + + | | | | | | + | | + | | + | | = =( ) = =( ) + + + | | | | 128 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i , , : thành ph , , , , , ) =( = GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy t c Dân | | n c a ng su t phân tán, : thành ph n chéo c a ng su t phân tán, c : : h s k , | |= , ns ng c a y u t khu ch tán, : y u t c a vec+ + n t c theo tr c x, y, z, l n vec- n t c, Khi vecn t c trùng v i tr c t t t c thành ph n chéo c a ng su t phân tán b ng Mơ hình lan truy n MT3D có th c s d ng có trình phân tán: trình phân tán ngang trình phân tán d ) bi u di = = = r ng c ng t không + | | + | | | | | | | | + | | + + + | | + | | = =( ) = =( ) = =( ) nh, có th + | | + | | | | | | nh ng su = : h s lan truy n bi u ki n Ph n ng hóa h c ng cân b ng nhi t bi u di n t l gi a n bi u di n b h p th n c = h s phân ph i, =1+ HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 s ch m tr nh b i: (16) =1+ 129 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i ng cân b GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy t ng nhi t bi u di n kh c Dân p ph = ) : h ng s Freundlich,( a:là s nguyên a nh ng h s th c nghi m Khi a v ng n tính Y u t ch m tr c ng nhi =1+ t ng nhi t Freundlich s nh b =1+ ph n ng không thu n ngh ch ( + ) bi u di n s m t kh i ng c a pha phân tán ( ) pha h p th ( ) H ng s t ng h p bán rã: (19) = u ki n biên di n t cách th c mà t i mi i khơng gian quanh hay chúng di n t nh u ki m t, …) biên gi i h n c a mi n Có ba lo u ki Biên lo i I (biên Dirichlet): c t áp su t hay c P(x,y,z,t)=f1(x,y,z,t) Hay: h(x,y,z,t)=f2(x,y,z,t) t f2 hàm s iv u ki n biên Dirichlet, n d c ch nh rõ toàn b th i gian mô ph ng.(20) C(x,y,z,t)=e(x,y,z,t), ký hi u 1, t nh C(x,y,z,t) n nh d c theo 1bi u th chi biên n N nh có th t p h m theo th i gian Trong mơ hình dịng ch y, biên Dirichlet biên m nh (là ngu n , biên n nh mơ hình lan truy n c a ngu n kh ng ch n kh ng ch t b i mơ hình Biên m nh mơ hình dịng ch y có th biên n nh khơng Biên lo i II (biên Neumann): u ki ng h p khơng có dịng ch nh b ng u ki n biên Neumann, gradient n = ( , , , ) ký hi u 2, t HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 130 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i ( , , , ) GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy t n biên ng h c Dân c bi t ( , , , ) = iv u ki n biên Cauchy, c giá tr n (22) = nh, ( , , , ) ký hi u 3, t ( , , , ) bi u th cho t không th ng gradient n n biên i v i biên u b ng ( ( , , , ) = 0) Thông c c, c = ( , , , ) gi c d dàng mơ hình lan truy n Biên lo i III (biên Cauchy hay biên h n h p): u ki ng biên ph thu c vào s i áp l u x ng r ng ti p xúc v i m ng ng r ng khác) qua m t l p n a th ng Biên sông (River) Hình - CRIV = KvLW/M Trong RIV HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 r 131 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân QRIV = CRIV (HRIV - h) khi- h>RBOT RIV RBOT QRIV = CRIV (HRIV - RBOT) h d Hình (CRIV) - ET) ETM s) Quá (QET QET = QETM h>hs QETM = RETM x y QET = h < (hs-d) (29) QET = QETM {h - (hs - d)}/d (hs-d) HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 h hs (30) 132 “Nghiên c d c th n ch c ng m tái s i t GVHD: PGS.TS Nguy c Dân Hình - GHB) Qb = Cb(hb - h) Hình b WT Qi,j,k (McDonald Harbaugh,1988) HVCH: Phan Thanh Lâm - 12250610 133 ... h i cao su, tái s d ng ng th ng nhu c u v tái s d tài ? ?Nghiên c u c th i cao su ng d ng cao vi trình th n ngu thơng s nhi c th i ng n ch i t ng c c ng c th i cho c ng m có c th i cao su c giá. .. i công ty cao su l n thu c T p Cao su Vi cho s c Hịa D u Ti ng Ngành cơng nghi p cao su góp ph n r t l n ng kinh t c a t c Tuy nhiên, bên ngàn trung bình h s phát th i c a ngành cao su 25 m3 c... n m cao su Thành ph n tính ch c th i ch bi n m cao susau x cao su (Bích et al., 2007) 2.11 11 c th i c a m t s nhà máy ch bi n m cao su 2.8 2.10 Vi t c th i (Asano and Levine, 1998) ngh cho TP.HCM
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