Tài liệu OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 62 docx

OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 62 VERB + TO-INFINITIVE OR VERB + ING-FORM? Introduction Some verbs are followed by a to-infinitive, and some by an ing-form. VERB + TO-INFINITIVE (Unit 60) VERB + ING-FORM (Unit 61) Harriet decided to have a party. Harriet suggested having a party. Decide takes a to-infinitive. A few verbs take either a to-infinitive or an ing-form (see Units 63-64). Laura started to paint/started painting a picture. B To-infinitive or ing-form? + TO-INFINITIVE These verbs are followed by a to-infinitive. agree, aim, appear (see 60B), arrange, ask, attempt, beg, can't afford, can't wait (see C), choose, claim, decide, demand, desire, expect, fail (see 60C), guarantee, happen (see D), help (see 69C), hope, manage (see 60C), offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, prove (see D), refuse, seem (see 60B), tend (see 60C), threaten, turn out (see D), undertake, want, wish + ING-FORM These verbs are followed by an ing-form. admit, avoid, cant face (see 61C), can't help (see 61C), can't resist (see 61C), can't stand (see 61C), carry on (see 61U), consider, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, excuse, fancy (see C), finish, give up, imagine, involve, justify, keep {on), (see 61D), mention, mind (see 61B), postpone, practise, put off, resent, risk, save, suggest, tolerate C Can't wait and fancy If you can't wait to do something, you are eager to do it. / can't wait to see the photos you took. (= I am eager/impatient to see the photos.) If you fancy doing something, you want to do it. Do you fancy going out for a meal? (= Would you like to go out for a meal?) Fancy is informal. D Happen, turn out and prove We use prove to or turn out to when experience shows what something is like. In the end our forecast proved to be correct. Finding Harriet's house turned out to be more difficult than Nick had expected. Note the meaning of happen to. I happened to see Sarah in town. (= I saw Sarah by chance in town.) E Two forms together We can sometimes use more than one to-infinitive or ing-form together. The government decided to refuse to give in to the terrorists. I want to avoid hurting anyone's feelings. The man denied threatening to kill a policeman. 65 Verb + object + to-infinitive or ing-form 70 Verb + preposition + ing- form Suggest takes an ing-form. 62 EXERCISES i To-infinitive or ing-form? (A-C) Complete the conversation. Put in a to-infinitive or ing-form. Matthew: Are we going to have a holiday this year? Natasha: Didn't we all decide (►) to spend (spend) our holidays on a Greek island? Matthew: Lovely. I enjoy (►)lying (lie) on the beach. I might manage (1) (get) a sun tan. Daniel: I'd love a holiday. I can't wait (2)……………………………….(leave) this place behind. Emma: I don't fancy (3)…………………………… . (stay) in one place all the time. I really dislike (4) (sit) on the beach all day. Natasha: Well, I don't mind (5) (tour) around somewhere. Emma: Matthew, you promised (6) (go) to Scotland with me. We were planning (7) (hire) a car. Matthew: Scotland? Are you sure? But I couldn't face (8)……………………………… (drive) all the time. Jessica: I'm afraid I can't afford (9)……………………………. . (spend) too much money. Andrew: And I can't justify (10) (take) all that time off from my studies. 2 To-infinitive or ing-form? (A-D) Complete this article from a magazine. Put in the to-infinitive or ing-form of these verbs: accept, argue, be, find, have, insist, lose, plug, repair, say, take, wait If you buy something from a shop, a new stereo for example, you usually can't wait (►)fo plug it in and put some music on. And of course, you expect (►) to find the equipment in working order. But that doesn't always happen, unfortunately. If the thing doesn't work, you should take it straight back to the shop. If you delay (1)…………………………. it back, you will risk (2) ………………. your rights as a customer. And you should prepare (3) on those rights. You may be one of those people who always avoid (4)………………………… with people, but in this case you should be ready for an argument. The assistant may prove (5)…………………………. a true friend of the customer - it's not impossible - but first he or she will probably offer (6)……………… the stereo for you. That's all right if you don't mind (7)……………………… a few weeks, but it isn't usually a good idea. What you should do is politely demand (8) ……………………… your money back immediately. You may want to accept another stereo in place of the old one, but you don't have to. You should refuse (9)………………………… a credit note, lust keep on (10) that you want your money back. 3 Two forms together (E) What might you say in these situations? Write a sentence with both a to- infinitive and an ing-form. ► Your decision to change your holiday arrangements might upset Vicky. You won't risk that. You don't want to. What do you say to Rachel? I don't want to risk upsetting Vicky. 1 You and Melanie want to complain about your meal in a restaurant. You need to see the manager. Melanie won't ask, but you don't mind. What do you say to her? 2 Matthew doesn't like the idea of going to Scotland. But he promised. He admitted it. What do you tell Emma? 3 The band were playing. They finished just as you arrived. This was quite by chance. What do you tell your friends? Just as I arrived, . OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 62 VERB + TO-INFINITIVE OR VERB + ING-FORM? Introduction Some. or ing-form 70 Verb + preposition + ing- form Suggest takes an ing-form. 62 EXERCISES i To-infinitive or ing-form? (A-C) Complete the conversation.