UNIT 1: Getting to Know One’s Self Table of Contents Introduction Lesson 1: Taking a Look at Oneself Jump Start Learn about It! Check Your Understanding 15 Explore Your World! 17 Lesson 2: Discovering My Uniqueness Jump Start 21 Learn about It! 22 Check Your Understanding 30 Explore Your World! 32 Real-world Challenge 35 My Reflection 36 Wrap Up 37 Answers to Check Your Understanding 40 Bibliography 45 Glossary 47 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited GRADE 11/12 | Personal Development UNIT Getting to Know One’s Self “No one is you, and that is your power.” - Dave Grohl Adolescence is a stage of self-discovery It is the time when young people build their identities and learn more about themselves as they go through life’s different changes and challenges The goal is not only to know oneself, but also to accept who one is With this acceptance is the power to make things happen and also, the power to build a life that he/she desires Lulu’s Self-Exploration Lulu is excited about trying out in different clubs this school year The rules state that each student is allowed to join a maximum of clubs only for the year She has been thinking about it a lot, listing down a list of her strengths and weaknesses, her likes and dislikes After much thought, she decided to go for a sports team Lulu has her eye on the volleyball club since she knows she’s a good player, and she has a lot of experience playing the sport Her tosses and spikes are to watch out for, and her jumps are pretty impressive Aside from sports, Lulu also knows that her debate skills are also above average She believes she must have taken this talent after her father, who happens to be a lawyer She can easily organize her thoughts and get her point across on Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited almost any topic given Lulu knows she speaks eloquently and can convey a message through both English and Filipino Clearly, for her, joining the debate team seems like a natural choice Lulu’s last choice was the cooking club Her friends not know this skill she has, but at home, she can cook like a young master chef She grew up watching cooking shows, preparing meals for the family and even creating her recipes She was just about to sign up for all these three clubs when her friends saw her and asked her why she wasn’t signing up for the dance club Lulu was caught by surprise for she never really thought about it Apparently, a lot of her friends thought she was a great dancer and would be a wonderful addition to the dance club She knew she could dance to a beat, but she didn’t really think she had potential to explore when it came to this skill Suddenly, Lulu was back to square one She had to re-think her skills list and what interests her Essential Questions How does one get to know himself/herself? What does knowing oneself mean? How does one keep track of his/her changing strengths and weaknesses? What are the benefits of knowing oneself? Learning Targets In this unit, you should be able to: ● explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and limitations and deal with others better; ● share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences; and Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited ● maintain a journal Lesson 1: Taking A Look At Oneself Everyone has their strengths and weaknesses, a potential for growth, room for improvement, and limitations As one grows up, the knowledge about one’s self increases However, not everyone knows what to with the information you have about yourself What does one gain when you know yourself? Jump Start Materials: paper, pen Instructions: Have you ever wondered what others thought about you when they first met you? In this activity, you need to have a blank piece of paper tape on your back Afterwards, you may go around the room and make sure to write on your classmate’s backs about their first impression on you It can be a simple word or phrase that best describes your classmates during your first day of meeting You will be given 10 minutes to the activity Afterwards, answer the following questions: What did you discover about yourself from others that you didn’t know before? Which ones of the impressions were right, and which ones were wrong? Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited What you know about yourself that you consider as strengths, and which ones are weaknesses? Learn about It! Ever since you were a baby, you already possessed some knowledge about yourself You would respond to yourself in the mirror, and learn to acknowledge your body As you grow older, there are more opportunities available that exist for you to get to know yourself better PAUSE FOR A THOUGHT Do you know yourself? How did you learn these things about yourself? Where did the information come from? Do you like what you know? As you get to interact with more and more people in your everyday encounters, your knowledge of yourself also becomes more complex This information you have of yourself can either become an empowering tool or a delimiting one Self-Concept Everything that you know about yourself is called self-concept It is your perception of yourself, how you define and understand yourself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and moral) human being It, not only involve the present perception of you, but also take into play one’s past and future self – thereby, making self-concept a vibrant representation of who you are There are different ways that you can perceive yourself because of cultural differences and environmental factors However, among all these varying self-concepts lie three essential components: 1) physical characteristics, 2) personality traits, and 3) social identity Physical characteristics are used to describe how you look in either a positive Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited or negative way; Personality traits are the stable characteristics that determine your behavior; and Social identity would refer to the social group where you belong Self-concepts are never simple, given the differences in backgrounds of individuals Self-complexity, or the different ways in which you think about yourself, can be high or low according to researchers If you have a lot of social identities, such as a daughter, student, volleyball team captain, friend, sister– you are said to have high complexity All of these components determine how you are different or unique from others, and how you evaluate yourself against others EXAMPLE The self-concept regarding its three basic components 1) Physical Characteristics – “I am fair-skinned.” “I am chubby.” 2) Personality Traits - “I am trustworthy.” “I am outgoing.” 3) Social Identity – “I am the daughter of Leni.” “I am a Muslim.” Self-Esteem When you evaluate yourself against others based on your knowledge of yourself, your self-esteem is affected Self-concept is greatly associated with self-esteem, which is the value that you put on what you know about yourself It is a positive or negative self-evaluation of the self-concept that could be based on your performance or behavior or your interaction with others There are moments when you arrive at a distorted or inaccurate evaluation of yourself This is because of the subjective nature of self-concept, wherein the information you have of yourself is heavily based on perceptions But in any case, your high or low selfesteem may also affect your self-worth (how much you value yourself) and your Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited self-efficacy (the belief and confidence that you can accomplish tasks and control your environment) REMEMBER ME! Self-concept: your perception of yourself, how you define and understand yourself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and moral) human being Self-esteem: a positive or negative self-evaluation of the self-concept Self-worth: how much you value yourself Self-efficacy: your belief and confidence that you can accomplish tasks and control your environment Self-Complexity: the different ways in which you think about yourself Self-Concept as a Product of Social Relationships One of the propositions made about self-concept that directly affects self-esteem is that what you know about yourself is primarily a product of your relationships with others In 1902, American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley popularized the concept of the looking glass self wherein he theorizes that people around you serve as mirrors that reflect how you see yourself You merely reinforce others’ impressions and build this idea of yourself based on these interactions And so, based on this, if you think that others have a negative perception of you, this creates a negative self-concept and low self-esteem Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited EXAMPLE Growing up, John has always been compared to his brother James James would always get better grades than him Everyone around John has, at one point or another, made him feel that he was not as smart as James He felt that his parents would only always praise James, and even his friends admired his brother He grew up believing that he was not good enough to well academically and so, in all his years in school, he just lived with what he thought was the expectation of him He would fail exams, and repeat subjects left and right There are influence many your social factors self-concept and that self- esteem How you come to know who you are is influenced by the ways other people react to you When you receive positive reactions to your skills and traits, you develop a positive idea of yourself However, when your behavior is ignored or reacted negatively, your self-concept turns sour as well and you end up with negative judgments of yourself Comparing yourself TIP! Factors that influence selfconcept and self-esteem: the ways others react to an individual the way an individual compares himself to others the extent to which an individual identifies with these other people to others also affect what you know and think of yourself If you perceive others to be more successful than you, it is probable that you not think highly of yourself and vice versa However, of course, such comparisons can also be a source of motivation to make the self better and give more value to the self The extent to which you identify with other people around you is a factor in how you perceive yourself Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Self-Awareness When one can access his knowledge of himself easily, that person is said to be selfaware Self-awareness is the ability to know yourself extensively, not just regarding traits and characteristics, but also knowing your inner state and how you think It is a deeper understanding of your emotions, belief systems, and patterns in behavior and thought that should allow us to effectively redirect negative traits into positive ones if needed Therefore, to be self-aware, you must attempt to be non-judgmental and unbiased in assessing or understanding yourself In 1972, psychologists Shelley Duval and Robert Wicklund awareness and first stated studied self- in self- the awareness theory that when you focus on yourself, there is the tendency to compare what you currently observe to the standards you set for yourself And when there is a mismatch between your ideal self and your actual self, this becomes a source of distress for you and is much likely to affect your self-esteem In the same way, if the ideal self is consistent with the actual self, you react positively This is what the self-discrepancy theory states In effect, people who are highly self-aware feel more pressure to live up to their ideals as compared to those who not know themselves well enough The goal then is to have a clear and defined self-concept Having high self-concept clarity helps you and your desire to become self-aware by providing a more stable view of your positive traits This creates higher self-esteem and less vulnerability to the stress caused by inconsistencies between the actual self and ideal self The more well-defined and stable your self-concept is, the more capable you become in Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited addressing mismatches you will encounter of yourself REMEMBER ME! Self-Awareness Theory: When you focus on yourself, there is the tendency to compare what you currently observe to the standards you set for yourself Self-Discrepancy Theory: When there is a mismatch between your ideal self and your actual self, this becomes a source of distress for you and is much likely to affect your self-esteem Self-Concept Clarity: Having a clear and defined self-concept Self-awareness comes in two types: internal self-awareness and external selfawareness Internal self-awareness refers to clearly seeing your inner self–your personalities, values, desires, reactions, and impact on other people External selfawareness involves understanding how others see you The goal here is to attempt to reach a balance of both types of awareness – to know yourself well and to receive feedback on how others see you A study made by Dr Tasha Eurich for the Harvard Business Review shows four types of individuals and how you exhibit internal and external self- awareness It represents the different categories of your self-awareness with the mixture of its internal and external types This categorizes your knowledge of yourself and of others 10 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Anne Frank was an adolescent girl who became famous because of the diary she had written while hiding In her diary, she confessed to wanting to become a journalist or a writer Her diary entitled The Secret Annexe was published on June 25, 1947 34 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Real-world Challenge Task: Magazine Making Materials: pictures, paper, glue, pens Instructions: Form a group of five people Choose the writers and the artists in the group The writers will be the ones to write articles while the artists will take care of the pictures, design, and layout of the magazine The magazine will have a maximum of pages only excluding the front and back covers The writers will write articles about personalities and their unique qualities that made a difference in the world The artist will design the covers and take pictures Present the magazine to the class Criteria for Scoring Score Visual impact and creativity Clarity of ideas Relevance of the content Total 15 35 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited My Reflection Write three characteristics that you like about yourself and three that you not like Write a short paragraph about how your positive qualities make you a valuable person and how your shortcomings can be improved Write two paragraphs with a minimum of sentences each The following words must appear in your paragraphs: appreciation, acceptance, unique, contribution, improvement, and change Criteria for Scoring Points Clarity of ideas Accuracy and relevance of details Impact and uniqueness of the presentation Use of grammatically correct sentences Total 10 36 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Wrap Up In this unit, the following points were discussed: The formation of the self-concept is based on the multi-dimensional perception of the self which includes the physical, spiritual, emotional, social and moral aspects Self-complexity refers to the different ways in which a person thinks about himself/herself Self-concept has three basic components: physical characteristics, personality traits and social identity Self-esteem is the value that an individual places on himself/herself It can either be positive or negative depending on the performance of the person and his/her interactions with others Self-concept is a product of our interaction with other people Charles Cooley coined the term looking glass self which stressed that the people around us could serve as mirrors that reflect how we see ourselves Their reactions affect the formation of a person’s self-concept Self-awareness is the ability to know one’s self extensively including your inner state and how your think 37 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Steps to Self-Awareness Ask yourself why Delay gratification, Take feedback constructively Let go of biases Use tools to know yourself Reflect often Social Learning Theory formulated by Albert Bandura posits that if a behavior is modeled and imitated, this can snowball into being imitated by others that can turn into acceptable behavior Four conditions for an effective modeling: The more attention is paid, the more likely is the behavior to be modeled The retention happens when the behavior is remembered Reproduction is the act of duplicating the behavior Motivation is the push to repeat the behavior until it becomes a habit Reciprocal determination emphasized that the behavior and the world cause each other This signifies that once the behavior has become a habit and majority of the people are exhibiting the said behavior; becomes acceptable 38 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Journals are tools of self-reflection There are its advantages: It is a way to express one’s thoughts and emotions safely It develops creativity It records good ideas It helps in developing habits It also serves as a mental health tool Blogging and video blogging are modern techniques that help a person spread his/her message to others 39 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Answers to Check Your Understanding Lesson 1: Taking a Look at Oneself Part A Self-concept Charles Horton Cooley pleasers Social identity communication Part B Accepting what others say about you can be used improve yourself Remember that self-awareness is a healthy balance between understanding yourself and how others see you Awareness of the self leads to a more conscious way of acting towards others, instead of passively interacting with them This results in more empathy and compassion, a must in any healthy relationship A person’s awareness of his own emotional needs, behaviors, interaction patterns, and a better understanding of the self as a relational being allows one to become more conscious of his interactions with others, as well as make healthy decisions that affect the self and others around him The following affect self-concept and self-esteem: the ways others react to an individual; the way an individual compares himself to others; and the extent to which an individual identifies with others 40 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Part C Experts have come up with different ways for individuals to learn about their personality types, which are fortunately easily available to us online The Myers-Briggs personality exam and introvert-extrovert spectrum, as well as SWOT analysis and Johari’s Window, are just a few examples He can even approach his guidance counsellor in school to assist him with this One of the factors that affect self-concept and self-esteem is the extent to which an individual identifies with other people If Pia is not affected, it might be because she finds no connection to them or is not in a close relationship with them And so, what they say is not considered as feedback that she can take advantage of Kevin must be highly self-aware, which means that he has a clear understanding of himself The self-discrepancy theory states that people who are highly self-aware feel more pressure to live up to their ideals as compared to those who not know themselves well enough 41 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Answers to Check Your Understanding Lesson 2: Discovering My Uniqueness Part A demographics individual differences Albert Bandura or Bandura attention reproduction Part B Sandra Bierig once said that “To accept ourselves as we are means to value our imperfections as much as our perfections “ How you explain this quote? This quote means that people should accept their strengths and limitations Each person is unique, which means that we should not strive for perfection because people are not born perfect Each person is blessed with qualities that are both pleasing and not It is up to a person to celebrate his/her strengths and accept his/her limitations Accepting and valuing our self is a sign that a person is willing to adjust to his/her imperfections and not devalue them Among the three methods of recording your thoughts, which are you likely to use? Journal writing, blogging, or vlogging? Why? In this question, a student may choose any of the three options as long as he/she will be able to explain why he/she is choosing one The explanation can include the advantages and disadvantages of one method Sample: I would choose journal writing because it is more private as compared to the other 42 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited two I am a very private person, and I would like my writings to be kept secret There is nothing wrong with the other two, but since blogging and vlogging make use of the Internet, my thoughts can be misinterpreted by other people This is not the case with journal writing I can review what I have written and not have to worry that it can be misinterpreted by others Who among the young celebrities would you like to imitate and why? The student can mention any celebrity and explain why he/she is choosing this person The explanation must include achievements or characteristics that would make the person worthy of being imitated Sample: I would choose Bruno Mars because he is a very talented person He is small but packed with talent His albums have been sold worldwide He has won numerous awards He is creative, energetic, and talented He is also a nice person because he gets along with anybody and can work with other superstars as well Part C What is the importance of demographics? Demographics provide us with a quick view of the groupings in community or society This is important because the data provided by demographics can be used for various reasons like marketing, services that the government must provide, scientific research and the like For instance, if the local government checks the data and find out that 40% of their population is composed of unemployed people, they can find various ways of addressing this problem like allowing more businesses to operate or providing job fairs Why is sharing experiences, characteristics, and habits considered as a tool for learning? 43 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Sharing them can be a source of knowledge When one is sharing experiences, characteristics, and habits, he/she offers or presents solutions to problems that can be imitated by other people This method is very easy and does not require too much effort that is why listeners are quick to learn and absorb the possible solutions that were mentioned when one is sharing experiences They also begin to take note of the attitude or characteristics that helped the person in difficult circumstances Why is attention an important component of effective modeling? Attention is the active processing of data When a person is paying attention, he/she absorbs what the person is trying to say The more attentive the person, the more interested he/she is and the more likely to imitate what he/she is seeing If a person is not giving enough attention, the information given or shown will most likely be forgotten or rejected 44 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Bibliography Anne Frank The story of Anne Frank http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Frank/Anne-Franks-history-in-brief/ Delena, M., Neri, S., Palean, E., Nuncio, R., Carpena, J., Boyles, R., and Nuncio, E Personal Development Beyond Selfies Mandaluyong: Anvil, 2017 Deschene, Lori Develop Self-Awareness and Improve Your Relationships https://tinybuddha.com/blog/develop-self-awareness-and-improve-yourrelationships/ ELearning Industry Sharing Experiences: A Stepping Stone to Social Learning in the Workplace https://elearningindustry.com/sharing-experiences-stepping-stone-to-sociallearning-workplace Eurich, Tasha What Self-Awareness Really Is (And How to Cultivate It) https://hbr.org/2018/01/what-self-awareness-really-is-and-how-to-cultivate-it Gecas, Viktor “The Self-Concept.” Annual Review of Sociology, vol (1982): 1-33 Isaksen, Joachim Vogt The Looking Glass Self: How Our Self-Image is Shaped by Society http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/05/27/the-looking-glass-self-how-ourself-image-is-shaped-by-society/ Learning Theories.Social Learning Theory (Bandura) https://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html Lewis, Debbie Why Relationships Will Always Be Challenging Without Self-Awareness https://welldoing.org/article/why-relationships-will-always-be-challenging-withoutself-awareness Nguyen, Thai 12 Self-Awareness Exercises That Fuel Happiness and Success https://www.huffingtonpost.com/thai-nguyen/12-self-awareness-exercises-thatfuel-happiness-and-success_b_9649748.html 45 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Poke, Darren Every Person is Unique (and Why That Matters) (blog) https://betterlifecoachingblog.com/2014/01/21/every-person-is-unique-and-whythat-matters/ Positive Psychology Program Why Self-Awareness Matters and How You Can Be More Self-Aware https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/self-awareness-matters-howyou-can-be-more-self-aware/ Sampthirao, Prabhakararao “Self-Concept and Interpersonal Communication.” The International Journal of Indian Psychology, vol (April-June 2016): 177-189 Sifferlin, Alexandra How Mindfulness Protects Your Heart http://time.com/3534531/mindfulness-protects-heart-health/ Stangor, Charles The Cognitive Self: The Self Concept https://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/chapter/the-cognitive-self-the-self-concept/ Very Well Mind How Psychologists Define Attention https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-attention-2795009 Wilderdom Introduction to Individual Differences http://wilderdom.com/personality/L1-1Introduction.html Your Story reasons to maintain a journal https://yourstory.com/2016/10/reasons-to-maintain-journal/ 46 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Glossary Attention It refers to the active processing of specific information about our surroundings An increased or decreased the level of attention given to a specific person, object, action or event affects the imitation of behavior Demographics It is the statistical characteristics of people like age, gender, religion or socioeconomic status Individual differences It refers to the differences and similarities among people in a psychological way Motivation It is the push to imitate or duplicate Reciprocal Determinism It emphasized that the person’s behavior and the world cause each other Reproduction It is the duplication of the object, action, action or event Retention It is described as remembering the person, object, action or event where attention is given Self-awareness It is the ability to know one’s self extensively, not just regarding our traits and characteristics, but also knowing our inner state and how we think Self-complexity It is the different ways in which a person thinks about himself/herself, can be high or low according to researchers Self-concept It is a person’s perception of himself, how one defines and understands himself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and moral) human being 47 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited Self-efficacy It is the belief and confidence that a person can accomplish tasks and control his/her environment Self-esteem It is the value an individual puts on what he knows about himself It is a positive or negative self-evaluation of the self-concept that could be based on one’s performance or behavior or his interactions with others Self-worth It shows how much a person values himself or herself 48 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited ... How does one get to know himself/herself? What does knowing oneself mean? How does one keep track of his/her changing strengths and weaknesses? What are the benefits of knowing oneself? Learning... © 2018 Quipper Limited Self- Awareness When one can access his knowledge of himself easily, that person is said to be selfaware Self- awareness is the ability to know yourself extensively, not just... some knowledge about yourself You would respond to yourself in the mirror, and learn to acknowledge your body As you grow older, there are more opportunities available that exist for you to get to