Tài liệu Oracle8i Getting to Know Oracle8i pdf

Oracle8 i Getting to Know Oracle8 i Release 8.1.5 February 1999 Part No. A68020-01 Getting to Know Oracle8i , Release 8.1.5 Part No. A68020-01 Copyright © 1999, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Ruth Baylis, Paul Lane Contributors: Lance Ashdown, Mark Bauer, D. Yitzik Brenman, Dave Colello, Mary Ann Davidson, Sandy Dreskin, John Frazzini, Joe Garcia, Michael Hartstein, Thomas Kurian, Lefty Leverenz, Diana Lorentz, David Mathews, Jack Melnick, Mark Niebur, Tom Portfolio, Den Raphaely, Nasser Shariatpanahy, Deborah Steiner, Mark Townsend, Randy Urbano, V. Vijayanandan, Steven Wertheimer Graphic Designer: Valarie Moore The Programs are not intended for use in any nuclear, aviation, mass transit, medical, or other inherently dangerous applications. It shall be the licensee’s responsibility to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs are used for such purposes, and Oracle disclaims liability for any damages caused by such use of the Programs. The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information of Oracle Corporation; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent, and other intellectual and industrial property laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of the Programs is prohibited The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them to us in writing. Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error free. Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these Programs, no part of these Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Oracle Corporation. If the Programs are delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing or using the Programs on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: Restricted Rights Notice Programs delivered subject to the DOD FAR Supplement are "commercial computer software" and use, duplication, and disclosure of the Programs including documentation, shall be subject to the licensing restrictions set forth in the applicable Oracle license agreement. Otherwise, Programs delivered subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations are "restricted computer software" and use, duplication, and disclosure of the Programs shall be subject to the restrictions in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights (June, 1987). Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. Oracle is a registered trademark, and Oracle8, Oracle8i, Oracle8i Lite, Oracle8i Workstation, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle Enterprise Manager, Oracle Parallel Server, Oracle Advanced Security, Oracle Internet Directory, PL/SQL, Net8, LogMiner, Pro*C/C++, Pro*COBOL, ConText, WebDB, interMedia, iFS, SQL*Loader, SQL*Plus, Oracle JServer, Oracle Programmer, and JDeveloper are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. All other company or product names mentioned are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective owners. i Contents Send Us Your Comments . xi Preface xiii 1 Overview Introducing Oracle8i 1-2 A Family of Database Products 1-4 2 Oracle8 i New Features Content Management for the Internet 2-2 WebDB . 2-2 Oracle Internet File System (iFS) 2-2 interMedia and the Web 2-3 Oracle8i interMedia, Spatial, Time Series, and Visual Image Retrieval 2-5 Oracle8i interMedia 2-5 Text 2-6 Improved Ease of Use 2-6 Extensible Index . 2-6 Extensible Query Optimizer . 2-6 Extensible Knowledge Base (KB) . 2-7 Filters 2-7 Hierarchical Query Feedback . 2-7 Theme Highlighting . 2-7 Alternate Spelling . 2-7 ii Stoplists 2-7 Field Sections . 2-7 Audio, Image, and Video . 2-8 Summary of Audio, Image, and Video Support 2-8 Oracle8i interMedia Audio, Image, and Video Java Client 2-9 Locator . 2-9 Oracle8i Spatial . 2-10 VARRAY Storage Model 2-11 Dynamic Window Queries . 2-11 Spatial Index Mechanism . 2-11 RELATE() Operator . 2-11 Extended Functionality . 2-11 Oracle8i Visual Information Retrieval . 2-12 New Extensible Indexing 2-12 Temporary LOB Usage . 2-13 Scaling Enhancements 2-13 Proprietary Image Formats 2-13 Oracle8i Time Series . 2-13 Irregular Time Series . 2-14 Additional Calendar Frequencies . 2-14 Flexible Timestamp Precisions 2-14 Flexible Patterns . 2-14 Time Scaling Enhancements 2-15 Nested Table Support . 2-15 Ease of Use 2-15 Java . 2-15 Oracle8i’s Java Virtual Machine . 2-16 JServer Accelerator . 2-16 Programmatic Interfaces 2-17 JDBC Drivers 2-17 Server JDBC Driver 2-17 OCI JDBC Driver 2-17 Thin JDBC Driver . 2-18 SQLJ Translator 2-18 Development Models . 2-18 iii Java Stored Procedures . 2-19 Enterprise JavaBeans . 2-19 CORBA 2-19 Utilities and Development Tools 2-20 JPublisher 2-20 JDeveloper 2-21 loadjava and dropjava 2-21 Data Warehousing and Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) 2-21 Summary Management Using Materialized Views 2-22 Transportable Tablespaces 2-23 Direct Path Load API . 2-24 ROLAP Enhancement: Extended Aggregate Operations . 2-24 Data Mining: SAMPLE Function 2-24 Function-Based Indexes . 2-24 Descending Indexes 2-25 Enhancements for Bitmap Indexes . 2-25 Parallelization of Aggregate Distinct Queries 2-26 Sort Improvements . 2-26 Single-Table Hash Cluster . 2-26 Data Warehouse Statistics Gathering 2-26 Automated Parallel Query Tuning 2-27 Statistics Generation for Long-Running Operations . 2-28 New Constraint Functionality 2-28 Constraint Modification . 2-28 DISABLE VALIDATE Constraint State 2-28 Index-Organized Tables 2-29 General Enhancements . 2-29 Logical ROWIDs 2-29 Related Features 2-30 Database Features . 2-30 Extensibility Framework . 2-31 User-Defined Operators and Extensible Indexing . 2-31 Extensible Optimizer . 2-32 Statistics Collection Functions 2-32 Selectivity Functions 2-32 iv Cost Functions 2-32 Cartridge Services 2-32 Object Relational Enhancements 2-33 LOB Enhancements . 2-33 Temporary LOBs 2-33 Other Enhancements 2-33 User-Defined Object Identifiers . 2-34 Nested Table Enhancements 2-34 Varray Enhancements . 2-35 Collection Unnesting . 2-35 Enhancement of Object Views . 2-35 Triggers on Nested Table View Columns 2-35 Object Cache Enhancements 2-36 ANALYZE Command, Dangling REFs 2-36 Subqueries in VALUES Clause of INSERT Statement . 2-36 SQL*Loader Support for Objects, Collections, and LOBs 2-36 Other Object Relational Enhancements 2-37 Partitioning of Tables Containing Objects 2-37 Parallel Query Support 2-37 Optimizer Plan Stability . 2-37 Advanced Queuing 2-37 AQ-Based Publish/Subscribe 2-38 Database Event Publication 2-39 Enhanced Propagation 2-39 Miscellaneous Enhancements 2-39 DBMS_REPAIR Package 2-40 Redo Log Analysis Using LogMiner 2-40 Drop Column . 2-41 Locally Managed Tablespaces 2-41 Online Index Creation, Rebuild, and Defragmentation 2-41 Nonpartitioned Table Reorganization . 2-42 Online Read-Only Tablespaces . 2-42 Temporary Tables . 2-42 National Language Support (NLS) 2-43 General Enhancements . 2-43 v Changing Character Sets with ALTER DATABASE 2-43 TRIM Function 2-44 External Routines 2-44 The Call Specification . 2-44 External Routine DLL Caching . 2-45 External Routine Object Support 2-45 Database Security . 2-45 Partitioning Enhancements . 2-45 Range Partitioning Enhancements . 2-46 Merging Partitions . 2-46 Updatable Partition Keys . 2-46 New Partitioning Methods 2-46 Additional Performance Gains . 2-47 Enhanced Partition Elimination 2-47 Partition-Wise Join 2-47 Partitioned Table LOB Support 2-47 Partitioning of Index-Organized Tables 2-47 System Management 2-48 Database Resource Management . 2-48 Recoverability and Availability in the Database 2-49 Multiple Remote Archive Destinations 2-50 Multiple Archive Processes 2-50 Automated Standby Databases . 2-50 Automatic Archival 2-50 Read-only Databases 2-51 Fast-Start Fault Recovery . 2-51 Fast-Start Checkpointing . 2-51 Fast-Start On-Demand Rollback 2-52 Fast-Start Parallel Rollback . 2-52 Database SUSPEND/RESUME . 2-52 Control File Character Set 2-52 Recovery Manager (RMAN) . 2-53 Recovery Catalog No Longer Required . 2-53 Media Management API, Version 2.0 . 2-53 Proxy Copy 2-53 vi Media Pool Selection 2-54 Vendor Identification and Improved Error Messages 2-54 Send Command 2-54 Crosscheck Catalog . 2-54 List and Report Commands . 2-54 Recovery Catalog Maintenance Commands . 2-54 CREATE CATALOG 2-54 UPGRADE CATALOG 2-55 DROP CATALOG 2-55 Database Maintenance Commands 2-55 STARTUP/SHUTDOWN 2-55 ALTER DATABASE . 2-55 DUPLICATE Command . 2-55 Node Affinity Detection . 2-55 Backups . 2-56 Duplexed Backup Sets . 2-56 Naming 2-56 Will No Longer Be Overwritten . 2-56 Performing TSPITR Without A Recovery Catalog . 2-56 Backup Performance Views . 2-56 SQL*Loader Enhancements . 2-56 Export and Import Utilities . 2-57 Operational Simplicity . 2-57 Oracle Software Packager and Oracle Universal Installer . 2-58 Oracle Software Packager . 2-58 Oracle Universal Installer 2-59 Configuration Improvements 2-59 Oracle Database Configuration Assistant . 2-59 Oracle Data Migration Assistant 2-60 Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) . 2-60 Oracle Parallel Server . 2-61 New Architecture 2-61 Easier System Administration 2-62 Diagnostic Enhancements 2-62 Oracle Parallel Server Management (OPSM) 2-62 vii Parallel Server Installation and Database Configuration 2-63 Instance Affinity for Jobs . 2-63 Recoverability and Availability Improvements . 2-63 Networking Improvements . 2-64 Distributed Systems . 2-64 Advanced Replication Enhancements . 2-64 Performance Improvements 2-64 Internal Apply Packages . 2-64 Faster Snapshot Refresh 2-64 Improved Mass Deployment Support 2-65 Parameterized Snapshot Deployment Templates . 2-65 Column Level Snapshot Subsetting . 2-65 Offline Instantiation . 2-65 Improved Security . 2-66 Replication Manager . 2-66 Improved Oracle Lite Integration . 2-66 Heterogeneous Services . 2-66 Multi-Threaded Service Agent 2-67 Improved Management Interface: Fixed Views 2-67 Miscellaneous Improvements 2-67 Remote Join Enhancements . 2-68 Networking, Security, and Oracle Advanced Security 2-68 Securing Data in the Oracle Database Server . 2-68 Fine-Grained Access Control . 2-69 Application Context 2-69 Secure Network Computing Through the Oracle Advanced Security Option . 2-70 SSL . 2-70 RADIUS 2-72 Integrated Security and Directory Services . 2-72 Oracle Wallet Manager 2-73 Certificate Authority 2-74 Oracle Internet Directory 2-74 Directory-enabled Oracle Security Manager 2-75 Net8 Enhancements 2-75 Service Naming 2-75 viii Automatic Instance Registration . 2-76 Connection Load Balancing . 2-76 Native Authentication on Windows NT 2-77 Multi-Tier Authentication and Authorization 2-77 Program Interfaces 2-77 PL/SQL 2-78 Autonomous PL/SQL Blocks 2-78 Invoker Rights 2-78 PL/SQL Bulk Binds . 2-79 Dynamic SQL in PL/SQL . 2-79 Parameter Passing by Reference 2-79 PL/SQL Procedures for Supporting REF-based Operations 2-79 Monitoring and Analysis of Program Execution 2-79 DBMS_TRACE 2-80 DBMS_DEBUG . 2-80 DBMS_PROFILER 2-80 Increased Package Body Size . 2-80 Purity Rules Relaxed . 2-80 Precompiler Enhancements . 2-81 Pro*C/C++ . 2-81 Pro*COBOL 2-82 Java Interfaces 2-83 OCI Enhancements . 2-83 DML Returning Enhancements . 2-83 Enhanced Array DMLs . 2-84 OCI Callback Registrations 2-84 OCIDescribeAny Enhancements . 2-84 Asynchronous Event Notification . 2-84 Non-Blocking OCI . 2-85 Windows NT Integration . 2-85 Oracle Application Generator for Microsoft Visual Studio . 2-85 Oracle Objects for OLE . 2-86 Microsoft Transaction Server Integration 2-86 COM Cartridge 2-87 [...]... and Reference and Oracle8i Visual Information Retrieval Java Client User’s Guide and Reference New Extensible Indexing Oracle8i Visual Information Retrieval allows users to create an index to support image objects Oracle8i and Visual Information Retrieval cooperate to define, build, and maintain an index for image data Once created, the index automatically 2-12 Getting to Know Oracle8i Oracle8i interMedia,... need to know PL/SQL to create a component Selecting options in the build wizard guides WebDB to automatically write the PL/SQL code for building the component WebDB also provides a wizard to create a Web site within the Oracle database and assign a site administrator to control its development of the site The Web site administrator in turn assigns owners who are responsible for providing content to the... Release 2.0: Getting Started - Installation and Tutorial Oracle Internet File System (iFS) Oracle iFS combines the power of Oracle8i with the ease of use of a file system Completely integrated with Oracle8i, the Internet File System is a Java application 2-2 Getting to Know Oracle8i Content Management for the Internet that runs within the Oracle8i Java Virtual Machine It enables the database to become... access to images stored in Oracle8i s s s Getting to Know Oracle8i Audio delivery through any streaming server such as Oracle Video Server or RealNetworks RealAudio Server s s 2-8 Client access via Java Media Framework (JMF) this allows any JMF player and interMedia to access and play audio files within an application Management of image data from a variety of sources and formats external or internal to Oracle8i; ... gigabytes of geodata Getting to Know Oracle8i Oracle8i interMedia, Spatial, Time Series, and Visual Image Retrieval This section describes the enhancements to Oracle8i Spatial, formerly known as the Oracle8 Spatial Cartridge, for the current release Additionally, this release completes the implementation of the OpenGIS Consortium RFP1 - Simple Features guidelines Oracle8i Spatial conforms to the specifications... options and features Oracle8i Lite is a lightweight mobile Java database that easily synchronizes laptops and hand held devices with corporate databases It is not discussed in this book Getting to Know Oracle8i 2 Oracle8i New Features This chapter describes new features, options, and enhancements available in Oracle8i The following topics are included s Content Management for the Internet s Oracle8i interMedia,... cannot be stored as single characters: for instance, the letter "ö" in German is alternately represented as "oe" interMedia Text now checks for these alternate spellings during indexing and queries Stoplists ConText allows stoplists to specify words that are not to be indexed (stopwords) The following additional stoplists are introduced in interMedia Text s s Stopthemes specify themes that are not to be... advanced tools to manage all types of data in Web sites, but it also delivers the performance, scalability, and availability needed to support very large database (VLDB) and mission-critical applications Oracle8i is much more than just a simple relational data store It introduces iFS, the Internet File System that allows users to easily move all of their data into an Oracle8i database where it can be stored... to existing data files stored in Oracle8i Once data is geocoded, Oracle8i interMedia Locator enables distances to be calculated and sites to be represented graphically in Web, data warehousing, customer information system, and enterprise resource planning applications A sample application might use interMedia Locator to locate restaurants and hotels within a given point -to- point distance of a specified... in Oracle8i Chapter 5, "Oracle8i Documentation" Identifies Oracle8i documentation Chapter 6, "Deprecated and Desupported Features" Lists the deprecated and desupported features that a user should be aware of when migrating to Oracle8i Glossary Contains definitions of terms, most of which are new to Oracle8i xiv How to Use This Book Chapter 2, "Oracle8i New Features", can be used to identify a new option, . Oracle8 i Getting to Know Oracle8 i Release 8.1.5 February 1999 Part No. A68020-01 Getting to Know Oracle8i , Release 8.1.5 Part No addressed to anyone who would like to become familiar with Oracle8i. While it provides an overview of Oracle8i, it is intended to be of particular interest to