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Lecture 1: Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems Reading Textbook: Chapter 1: Embedded Electronic Systems and Microcontrollers (20 pages) Chapter 2,3,4 as well Administration Syllabus Course Objectives textbook & other references grading policy course outline Prerequisites Number representation Digital design: combinational and sequential logic Computer systems: organization Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems Course Objectives Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: Have an basic idea of the Organization of a computer system in abstraction (in concept) Differentiate General Purpose Computers and Dedicated Embedded Computers Differentiate Hardware and Software of an embedded computer Differentiate Microprocessors, Microcontrollers and Digital Signal Processors The same Not the same Design a MSP430-based system for a specific application: Design Hardware Design Software Trade-off Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems Textbook MSP430 Microcontroller Basics, John H Davies, Elsevier Ltd., 2008 Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems Grading policy Mid-Exam: 30% Final Exam: 30% Teamwork: 20% (A,B,C) Homework Assignments: 20% Homework Assignments Hand in in class on due date Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems Course Topics Outline Introduction to embedded computer systems (1) TI MSP430 architecture (2) Lecture TI MSP430 Timers (1) Lecture TI MSP430 Input/Output (1) Lecture (2) , Lecture (1), Lecture (1) TI MSP430 Interrupts (1) Lecture TI MSP430 Instruction Set and Programming (4) Lecture Lecture TI MSP430 ADC /DAC (2) Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems Lecture Obectives Upon completion this lecture, students will be able to answer the following questions: What Is Computer Engineering? What Are Embedded Systems? Applicaion scope How About Structure and Organization of An Embedded System? General Purpose vs Dedicated Embedded Where Do We Find Them? In the past, the present and the future Trends & Challenges Hardware and Software What Are Software Architectures? Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems What Is Computer Engineering? The creative application of engineering principles and methods to the design and development of hardware and software systems Discipline that combines elements of both electronic engineering and computer science Computer engineers are electronic engineers that have additional training in the areas of software design and hardware-software integration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_engineering Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems What Do Computer Engineers Do? Computer engineers are involved in all aspects of computing Design of computing devices (both Hardware and Software) Where are computing devices? Embedded computer systems (low-end – high-end) In: cars, aircrafts, home appliances, missiles, medical devices, Entering: clothes, shoes, pens, everything will go smart Mobile personal communicators/digital assistants Game consoles Personal computers High-end servers Clusters, supercomputers Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems History of Computing Log pric e Mainframe Ongoing: laptop => handheld billion phones in 2007 => one for every human Mini WS PC Notebook Handheld Ubiquitous Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems Tim 10 Embedded Systems Applications Telecommunication equipment: telephone switches, voice and data network bridges and routers Consumer electronics: MP3 players, DVD players, digital cameras, GPS receivers, game consoles, … Home appliances: microwave ovens, dishwashers, washers, … Transportation systems: aviation electronics (avionics), vehicle electronics (to increase efficiency and safety, reduce pollution, …) Medical electronics: health monitors, medical imaging (PET, SPECT, CT, MRI) Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 26 Future Applications Deeply embedded into the environment Wireless Sensor Networks Applications Health Monitoring Smart Transportation Systems Smart Roads Habitat Monitoring Military … Wireless Sensor Networks @ UAHuntsville TinyHMS and SVEDECs Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 27 TinyHMS for Ubiquitous Health Monitoring Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 28 TinyHMS: Hardware Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 29 2000 TinyHMS: Software 1000 105 1.5 105.2 x 10 105.4 105.6 105.8 106 106.2 106.4 106.6 0.5 105 105.2 4000 107 accX accY accZ Motion Sensor (TS2) 106.8 105.4 105.6 105.8 106 106.2 106.4 106.6 106.8 107 105.4 105.6 105.8 106 106.2 106.4 106.6 106.8 107 ECG Sensor (TS1) 3000 2000 1000 105 105.2 Heart Beat Beacon Messa ge Heart Beat Heart Beat Step Step Beacon Messa ge Event Message with Timestamp … NC TS1 TS2 TS3 Frame … NC TS1 Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems i-1 TS2 TS3 Frame i 30 SVEDECs Traffic Monitoring Using TMotes Vehicle Detection (speed, size) Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 31 Embedded Systems Organization major components: CPU, Memory, System Bus, and I/O Peripherals System Bus Serial I/O I/O Interface CPU Parallel I/O Analog RAM Embedded Computer ROM Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 32 CPUs Unlike the personal and server computer markets the embedded processors are fairly diverse featuring Von Neumann as well as Harvard architectures RISC as well as non-RISC and VLIW; Word lengths from 4-bit to 64-bits and beyond (mainly in DSP processors) although the most typical remain 8/16-bit A large number of different variants and shapes, many of which are also manufactured by several different companies Common architectures are: 65816, 65C02, 68HC08, 68HC11, 68k, 8051, ARM, AVR, AVR32, Blackfin, C167, Coldfire, COP8, eZ8, eZ80, FR-V, H8, HT48, M16C, M32C, MIPS, MSP430, PIC, PowerPC, R8C, SHARC, ST6, SuperH, TLCS-47, TLCS-870, TLCS-900, Tricore, V850, x86, XE8000, Z80, etc Typically embedded CPUs are integrated together with memories and I/O peripherals on a single chip to reduce the cost and size and increase reliability Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 33 I/O Peripherals Embedded Systems talk with the outside world via peripherals, such as: Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-422, RS-485 etc Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, JTAG, SPI, SSC and ESSI Universal Serial Bus (USB) Networks: Ethernet, Controller Area Network, LonWorks, etc Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units Discrete IO: aka General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC) Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 34 A Microcontroller-Based System: An Example LCD Adj Vol Regul RS232 RS232 controller Analog I/O 2-axes joystick LEDs Thermistor Keypad Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems Switches C: MSP430 35 Data Flow t, states A/D P system D/A Input Processing Output Temperature sensor P INPUT PROCESSING Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems control signals 78 º OUTPUT 36 Von Neumann Architecture Central Processing Unit (CPU) Read/Write Memory sequential execution linear array of fixed size cells Data and instruction store I/O unit Address/Data/Control bus Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 37 Von Neumann Architecture Memory Von Neumann Architecture W bits log2N Read/Write Memory address control data CPU (Central Processing Unit) Control Unit ALU I/O (peripherals) N Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 38 Von Neumann vs Harvard Von Neumann (Princeton)Architecture address Read/Write Memory data CPU (Central Processing Unit) Harvard Architecture Program Memory Data Memory address data address CPU (central Processing Unit) data Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 39 Summary Introduction to Embedded Computer Systems 40