PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key

PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key PreIntermediate Student’s Book answer key

Life Upper Intermediate Student’s Book Answer Key recent activity, permanent / usual Unit situation Opener (page 9) A husband an old friend a colleague 1a (pages 10 and 11) Sample answers: an orang-utan and a dog An orang-utan is normally a wild animal, a dog might be a pet or a working animal They look friendly and affectionate They wrestle, hug and play together The orang-utan shares his food with the dog 1c 2b 3a 4a 5c 6c 1c 2b 3d 4a have started have been discussing show has recovered are asking have been living has provided live permanent / usual situation present result of past action present result of past action permanent / usual situation permanent / usual situation present result of past action, permanent situation present result of past action 10 situation happening around now a fellow student (classmate is an alternative for this term) a flatmate a travel companion (fellow traveller is an alternative) an acquaintance a mutual friend a fair-weather friend a true friend a workmate an old friend 10 a girlfriend Sample answers: to get on (with): to enjoy being with another person to stand by (someone): to be loyal to someone to hang out with: to spend time with a group of people to hang around: to be there when you are not wanted, or to not anything much to come round: to visit to go round to: to visit to keep up with: to continue to see someone to meet up (with): to meet, to get together (with) Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning to pick up: to continue Knowledge of the world: the young are come round more tuned in to what is happening in hang out stand by the world than their parents kept up meet up 10 get on Sample answers: 1b (pages 12 and 13) Bella’s parents seem resigned to the 1 It shows a teenage girl with her head changes, but they are sad about their in her hands, looking unhappy or daughter’s attitude and they feel that cross they have failed She is unhappy about something; maybe she doesn’t like the food that she has been given Sample answers: a true b false (we use by) d true better as active change to passive The younger generation don’t listen to better as active their parents; they have different change to passive attitudes; they are influenced by change to passive western culture and want different change to passive things 8a have been spoiled For the older generation money is are sent becoming more important; traditional are encouraged values, like respect for family and for older people, are being replaced by more materialistic values Language use: young people use slang and speak English; their parents don’t Caring for the old: it is normal for people to put their elderly parents into care homes now – in the past everyone cared for the older members of the family The relationship between parents and children: parents what children want – in the past it was the other way round Shopping: children want to buy modern, western things Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning c true are being raised are growing, dress have been left / are being left probably work / don’t have are living / are expected listen have been replaced are expected are often criticised, have been spoilt 10 Sample answers: 1, 2, and were probably said by an older person 3, 4, and were probably said by a younger person 1c (pages 14 and 15) 2 It is an area with immigrants from He was independent, doing what he many countries living side-by-side wanted to and not always following the Their families emigrated to the rules USA They believe it is important to work Tanja’s parents came as a couple, hard with a profession, and went on to They want to succeed and improve study Richard’s great-grandfather themselves came with nothing and no skills 1d (page 16) Richard’s family has been there longer Tim has been doing teacher training than Tanja’s for the British Council in India Greta 1T 2F 3F 4T 5F 6T has being setting up her online shoe 1b 2a 3b 4c 5c shop business Paragraph 1: Immigrants from all over They will meet up in two months’ the world mix in New York; they are time, with another friend, Amanda, proud to be Americans when Tim gets back from his next trip Paragraph 2: People are also to India interested in their roots, particularly Fancy bumping into you here! their immediate ancestors What a surprise! Paragraph 3: People had to work hard How are things? when they first arrived, and their What have you been up to? descendants work hard in their honour Busy as ever Both mention hard work and the I’ve been completely snowed under struggle to succeed; both are proud of It has its ups and downs the achievements of their parents and You’re looking well great-grandparents Both talk a lot It obviously suits you about how their ancestors arrived in Do you see much of …? America and where they came from She was asking after you the other Neither really mention pride in their day American identity Do give her my regards The immigrants had to be strong and Say hello to her from me work hard to succeed Their I’ve got to rush descendants have a strong sense of I don’t mean to be rude, but I need to family and pride in their roots … It was really nice to see you Great to see you Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning Good luck with … Fancy bumping into you here! to get established = to become known in a business or profession What have you been up to? to get an interview = to obtain an You’re looking well too interview It has its ups and downs to get a plane = to catch / take a plane She was asking after you just the to get together = to meet up other day, actually 5b receive I don’t mean to be rude, but I need / manage to get back to work catch 5a 1E 2F 3F 4F 5E 6E be 1e (page 17) persuade Ben is in Sri Lanka, writing articles reach about people who work in the tea 1f (pages 18 and 19) plantations 1 on a ship about to arrive in New Paragraph 1: apologising and York explaining silence They are waiting to see what the Paragraph 2: saying what he is doing place is like now That they are leaving their homes to Paragraph 3: future plans come to America contractions: I hope all’s well, since the early 19th century exclamations: Fingers crossed! Europeans settled mainly in the colloquial language: some of this stuff, eastern half all the best, give them all my love, Immigrants from Asia and from you wouldn’t believe it Mexico tended to settle in the west phrasal verbs: get together with and southwest use of get: getting homesick, get between 1892 and 1924 established, get an interview, get a Ellis Island in New York harbour plane, 11,000 people a day were processed personal comments: that horrible estate Four out of every ten Americans agent can trace their family history to Ellis All my love, Best wishes, Hello, Hi John, Love, Regards, Yours 5a I’m getting quite homesick = I am becoming homesick Island They settled on the Lower East side The apartments had three rooms 10 On the west coast people arrived at Angel Island Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 11 Immigration laws were especially Advantages: family members can enjoy strict for Asians one another’s company, give moral about million support, share experience and illegal immigrants knowledge, activities together education, technical skills, a great Disadvantages: if you not share desire to work and succeed and the values and interests of other personal connections to other members, you might not enjoy living countries in an extended family; you might It has an ever-growing force of want more independence, freedom immigrant labourers and professionals and privacy similar values fellow flatmate It helps make them successful travel acquaintance members of American society true blood mutual Unit Review (page 20) 1 A nuclear family is just parents and their children; an extended family The sentences in the Student’s Book should be numbered as follows: 1, 11, 9, 7, 13, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 4, includes other relatives such as grandparents, cousins, and aunts and uncles Members can support one another, share care for children and elderly members, save money by eating and living together is made are related has decreased help are looked after have been choosing have been changing are being lost 10 has been taken away Sample answers: Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning Life Unit (page 21) Opener screenwriter best-seller blockbuster chapter scene publisher producer readers audience b a bestselling book, a great storyline, a 1 He was a Formula One driver; he died in a crash in 1994; he had a rivalry with Alain Prost; he did charity work; he was Brazilian The film is neutral; the book was very biased against Alain Prost objective – subjective truthful – untruthful (lying) biased – neutral great cast, an experienced director and a large budget You have to give the screenwriter freedom to create a script that flows, even if that means changing the original good films that are completely unlike the original book cooking fair – unfair a struggle between the forces of good partial – impartial sympathetic – unsympathetic accurate – inaccurate The speakers use: unfairly, objective, sympathetic, impartial, fair, biased Sample answers: 1d 2e 3a 4c 5b 2a (pages 22 and 23) Probably a cowboy film or western Books only: author, best-seller, chapter, publisher, readers Films only: blockbuster, box office, cast, director, location, producer, screenwriter, script Both: audience, character, plot, portrayal, scene, setting, storyline, theme, trilogy Books author and evil Because Tolkien created a very original other world He took the most important scenes and then put all the emotional force behind these 1b 2a 3c 4d 5e read, have never read, has read have been, was Have … written, wrote Did … see, have seen 10b loyal (first ‘l’), screenplay, plot, best-seller, trilogy loyal (second ‘l’), faithful, told, details, felt, child calm, half, should, walk 2b (pages 24 and 25) Films Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning A single rhino charged, but the 8a weren’t (1 syllable) guard acted quickly and fired a shot hadn’t been expecting (2 syllables) into the ground The people were didn’t stop (2 syllables) 8b syllables syllables Three young rhinos climbed onto the 2 syllables syllable road in front of the jeep, then syllable syllables disappeared into the forest The driver syllables syllables shaken stopped the jeep quickly Report A female rhino (the mother of the was mountain-biking three young) attacked the jeep and had just finished started biting it and pushing it; the had been raining driver managed to drive the jeep away was shining stretch their legs = to walk around were feeling after sitting for a while took sprint = run very fast set leap = to make a long jump became veered off = went off sharply in a picked different direction 10 went slammed into = ran into with full force Report wrestle = move by force 11 were driving gouging = sticking something sharp (in 12 fell this case teeth) into a surface 13 landed skidded = to slide out of control 14 had escaped They are dynamic verbs of motion, which add interest and excitement 1c 2a 3b 4d were working had had told hadn’t been / weren’t 15 had been grazing 16 had slipped 17 arrived 2c (pages 26 and 27) The Frog Prince and Students’ own answers They came from ordinary local shocked people At first the brothers just knew / had known recorded them and wrote notes about hadn’t been expecting / hadn’t them, then Wilhelm polished and expected reshaped them to make them more didn’t stop acceptable to children and parents Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning They are popular around the world The brothers only sold a few copies 2d (page 28) Another bus came in 15 minutes of their books He put his hands over the hole Germany was occupied by Napoleon He had to wait for someone else to and the French come home These stories were told by one The lights went out and a person in woman (Marie) and she had had the lift started screaming French nannies who told them, so they She fell off the bike and cut her were probably not originally German hand Parents like the moral aspects, but not Most of the work had been saved the violence into a temporary file moral That must have been a relief villain witch Oh, that’s awful / Oh, how wise cruel embarrassing! faraway lands ever after Yeah, a similar thing happened to Once upon a time 1N 2T 3T 4F 5F 6T me once Sample answer: What a nightmare! / Yeah, I think I They have made a set of old folk tales would have done the same thing popular right around the world Poor you! / That was lucky! kept each other company: sat together as friends keeping records of: taking notes so they Really? How strange! / That was good thinking 4b What a nightmare! didn’t get lost Oh, that’s awful Poor you! keep your promises: what you have How embarrassing! promised to Really? That’s odd don’t forget about the time – That was good thinking remember to check it A similar thing happened to me stay happy, don’t get depressed 2e (page 29) not telling people something they 1 He had got his foot caught in a aren’t supposed to know metal animal trap make sure you know about all the tired, hungry, nervous, not happy changes Rowan had been moaning about stop you doing what you were going sore feet all day to They had something to eat (more write a diary regularly than three hours ago) Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning They weren’t carrying many to speak in a confident way, even supplies though you not feel confident Rowan was struggling to go very slowly and carefully Chris was tired along the edge of something He wanted to get back to the camp to jump up quickly before dark to almost fall over ‘I can’t move,’ cried Rowan to walk quickly and energetically Chris walked back slowly 10 to turn slowly because you are ‘Reach down and try to free your afraid or worried foot.’ 2f (pages 30 and 31) 10 Chris could see that Rowan was 1 It looks as if he might be sneezing caught in a trap in the late 19th century to make the story more dramatic Because it is an early piece of 4a Way of speaking: moving film cried = shouting in fear and/or pain We see all the things listed except for moaning = complaining about actors arriving at an awards ceremony, everything an Oscar statue, and a scene from an said encouragingly = speaking in a animated film happy, helpful-sounding, friendly way Mary Pickford is the other actor Movement: mentioned struggling = finding it hard to keep 1f 2b 3a 4d 5c 6e going go to new places and see the world trudging = walking slowly, when tired in a different way walking back slowly = returning the a presidential inauguration, an way he had just come earthquake or bomb, arctic explorers, 4b to shout in a loud, high voice, when Wright brothers, flights you are in danger or pain, or excited a plant growing and a hawk flying to talk quietly to yourself, Documentaries use actors, set complaining about a person or a design, lighting, costume and even situation computer animation to talk quietly so other people cannot For over a century hear, often a complaint In the 19th century to speak in a tired way, because you Before long have had enough of the other person By the 1920s At the turn of the 20th century Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning Since those early days Unit Review (page 32) 1 have filmed have never had felt / have felt wanted was sitting called wasn’t didn’t take called 10 were slowly approaching 11 had parked 12 ran 13 zipped 14 assumed 15 had gone 16 waited 17 had died 18 looked 19 had locked 20 had been playing He hid in his tent He thought they had made a noise in the kitchen The lions played in the kitchen and made a terrible mess impartial, accurate author, characters plot, gripping audience, portrayal blockbuster, thought-provoking 1d 2f 3c 4a 5b 6e Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 10 d chocolate bars (sweets, biscuits) 10c (pages 122 and 123) Posture: sitting back in your chair; standing with arms crossed Para 3: sitting in Europe, in Arab countries; greeting in the Philippines and the USA Para 1: bus tickets: Gesture: waving; a handshake Para 2: distance: (Proxemics, Facial expression: smiling; biting your Statistics) bottom lip Para 3: sitting: 2/3 (personal Possible meanings: experience); greeting: (it is said…) Sitting back in your chair = feeling a1 b2 c2 d1 relaxed or feeling in charge e2 f1 g1 h2 Standing with arms crossed = feeling 10d (page 124) impatient, intolerant or defensive stag night (for the man) hen night Waving = saying hello or goodbye (for the woman) A handshake = saying hello or goodbye bride (woman) groom (man) Biting your bottom lip = nervousness veil or fear Smiling = friendliness or feeling happy c The women of both families attend; they play music, sing and dance a few nights before the wedding 1a 2b 3b 4c 5c 6a last evening that a bride spends with Paragraph 3: sitting cross-legged with female family and friends foot outstretched; raising the eyebrows sadness too quickly as a greeting end of life as a single person and Paragraph 4: bowing; shaking hands the start of another stage Paragraph 5: boredom: people look at a6 b2 c5 d3 e4 f1 other things, e.g watches, move feet 7a /s/: custom / dress / suppose (first ‘s’) / restlessly, tap fingers, scratch head symbolise (first ‘s’) anger: the face muscles tense up /z/: friends / music / suppose (second causing a frown, the eyes stare, the face ‘s’) / symbolise (second ‘s’) / goes red, the body tenses weddings Para 1: buying bus tickets in England, 7b /s/: across / eastern / single / spends France and Australia (first ‘s’) / surprise (first ‘s’) Para 2: distance from speaker in Latin /z/: lose / rings / spends (second ‘s’) / cultures, China, Nordic cultures surprise (second ‘s’) 10e (page 125) advice about how to behave in China Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 49 He doesn’t want to upset his business partners Take business cards; eat whatever you are offered 4a First email Not a bad result, was it? 10f (pages 126 and 127) countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, and Latin America No, it’s a very old habit, dating Forgot to tell you back to the earliest humans Just wondered what to expect Yes, insects brim with vitamins and Don’t want to put my foot in it minerals Thanks Yes, it is: producing a pound of Second email caterpillar takes a tenth of the Glad to hear you’re going out to resources needed for a pound of beef China 1g 2b 3e 4c 5h 6d 7f 8a Not Shanghai, is it? Pismo beach, California Anyway, my advice: for more than 10 years Good luck and speak soon Because they are taught to avoid 4b First email insects from an early age I forgot to tell you more than 1,400 / fourteen hundred I just wondered what to expect It has snob appeal, people can enjoy I don’t want to put my foot in it tasting gourmet insects Thank you in advance for your help Something that has ‘snob appeal’ Second email makes people feel superior in some I’m glad to hear you’re going out to way Gourmet insects might have China snob appeal because they are unusual, It isn’t Shanghai you’re going to, is and because they are very good for it? the environment Anyway, this is my advice: Good luck and I will speak to you soon 4c Sample answers: Hope we can meet soon Bad luck that you didn’t get the job Back Tuesday night My New York address: Look forward to hearing all about Unit 10 Review (page 128) Breakfast: 8–9.30 a.m Lunch: 1.00– 3.30 p.m Dinner: 09.00–11.00 p.m get used to close aren’t used to will rest used to live used to be usually eat won’t eat it Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 50 spoil – the others are things parents to get their children to behave correctly educate – the others are about looking after children shame – the others are positive cheese – it is dairy, the others are carbohydrates sit back – it is a posture, the others are gestures smile – the others are all bad manners offensive – the other three are all good behaviour It marks the moment when a child becomes an adult It takes place on the child’s 16th birthday It is an occasion for celebration It symbolises leaving childish things behind It’s customary for the child to stand up and give a short speech Typically the ceremony begins with the parent walking into the hall with the child Once the child has given their speech people in the audience can also say a few words Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 51 Life She looks at the way people interact with plants in the rain forests of Ecuador and at Florida Atlantic University medicine and food Unit 11 Opener (page 129) She writes down information that 1d 2c 3b 4a they give her buying a second-hand car They pass it on by word of mouth consult an authority, some from one generation to another research, study the facts, make some She tells stories about her life in the reasoned judgements, process the rain forest information, trust your instinct grasp find, pick could distinguish – b process were able to pick out, were able to gut engage – b grasp = understanding couldn’t easily absorb – c find out = get information weren’t able to remember – c pick up = to get ideas, sometimes in Fadiman managed to persuade – a unexpected ways Fadiman succeeded in getting – a process = take all the information and distinguish to work make sense of it to say in passing gut feeling: an instinct, or a feeling to use save you have that you cannot explain by logic was able to combine / succeeded in combining 11a (pages 130 and 131) could look at A botanist studies plants managed to record Sample answers: wasn’t able to fruit and vegetables in food; plant oil was able to visit (olive, maize, sunflower); plant extracts were able to make in shampoos and other cosmetics (e.g absorb – take in nettle); herbal medicines; pot plants for acquire – pick up decoration; coconut matting on the be ignorant (of) – not know floor; wood for fuel, building, connect with – engage with furniture, etc.; paper grasp – understand inspire – motivate 10 Sample answers: Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 52 succeeded in inspiring small circular ones with striped could you absorb / were you able to cloth attachment absorb something unrecognisable, black / could you engage with khaki and red, mostly out of picture on Did you manage to pass / Did you the left succeed in passing dates and the events related to them did you manage to acquire / did you She finds it is a burden succeed in acquiring Because we store things externally on you couldn’t grasp / you weren’t computers and mobile phones, and able to grasp don’t use our memories as much 11 growing vegetables She read a book by Joy Larkcom 11b (pages 132 and 133) a red toy sports car dates, smells confident and wiser external important, good poor were about a book: Homer’s The Iliad were supposed a box of matches with Peace written would have on it grateful would were going your mind went blank (you couldn’t a metal badge remember what to say) a silver cigarette lighter you forgot a locket on a chain you couldn’t remember their name a baseball with writing on it you found it still in your pocket photos (one colour, one black-and- you’d forgotten what it was white) None of the actions were completed an airmail letter and envelope because the person forgot to what metal tags (one red, one silver) they had planned, or they couldn’t a plastic toy figure remember what they were going to a white fan with signatures on it medals: 10 was going to ask was supposed to be round one with a long tricolour would have told neckband it would have meant Maltese cross with stars & stripes was about to ask flag would be frustrated small heart-shaped ones with a head on a blue background Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 11 I was going to ask Sarah to come, but I asked Kate instead 53 She was supposed to be in Cairo I would have driven, but Jane wanted this week, but she’s ill to drive He promised he would send me the He said he would wait for me, but he original, but he sent me a copy went without me We would have been there by ten We were about to buy a new TV, but o’clock, but the train didn’t get in Jimmy gave us an old one until eleven fifteen 11c (pages 134 and 135) He was about to announce that he by separation of objects by shape and would retire this year, but now he colour, by doing arithmetic, by telling thinks he’ll stay other parrots to ‘talk clearly’ The council were going to build a NA T T F T NA new shopping mall in the centre, but Para 1: How does a scientist find out residents opposed the idea 12a I was going to ask Sarah to come, to what extent an animal is capable of thinking? (reinforced by paraphrase in but I asked Kate instead the next question) She was supposed to be in Cairo Para 2: decided to investigate the this week, but she’s ill thought processes of another He promised he would send me the creature by talking to it (reinforced original, but he sent me a copy by explanation of how, then a quote We would have been there by ten from Pepperberg) o’clock, but the train didn’t get in until Para 3: most researchers thought eleven fifteen Pepperberg’s communication study He was about to announce that he would be futile (reinforced by quote would retire this year, but now he from Pepperberg) thinks he’ll stay until next year Para 4: Pepperberg wanted to get The council were going to build a inside his mind … (reinforced by new shopping mall in the centre, but examples) residents opposed the idea Para (top of column 2): Many of 12b Sample answers: Alex’s cognitive skills, such as his I was going to order a steak, but I ability to understand concepts of decided to have chicken instead ‘same’ and ‘different’ are rare … They were supposed to be going on (reinforced by paraphrase, Very few holiday to Italy, but they went to animals …) Greece instead Para 5: But parrots, like humans, live a long time in complex societies Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 54 (reinforced by another example of look at the mistakes that happened in similarity and repetition of ‘like the past and change their behaviour / humans’) policy to avoid making the same Para 7: Alex ran through various mistakes tests (reinforced by examples of the 11d (page 136) tests) history of art Para 8: Alex knew all the answers art appreciation himself and was getting bored He wants to think about it (reinforced by examples of how he behaves to show this) learn as you go along = to learn as What you mean by…? E Can you speak up a little? R Can you explain what …? E you something (compared to more I’m not really with you E formal learning, or learning the theory Are you saying that …? E first, then putting it into practice) Could you give me an example of learn by heart = to memorise …? E something so you can repeat it What was … again? R exactly (e.g a poem, a set of facts or Hang on a second That’s too much dates; to learn by rote has a similar to take in all at once R meaning) I didn’t catch … R learn the hard way = to learn 10 Did you say …? R something through bad experiences What you mean by A-level? (this is often used about people who Can you explain what the course stubbornly refuse to take good advice, involves? but then find out by making mistakes) Are you saying that it doesn’t really learn the techniques that deal with the history of art? professionals know Could you give me an example of learn to the simpler things before the kind of things the students in the more difficult ones the class? You can always learn something new, What was the course called again? whatever your age I didn’t catch the start date What I did – the mistakes I made – 10 Did you say the 29th of November? have taught me to be more careful in 11e (page 137) future (= to learn the hard way) 1b 2c 3b to accept the situation even if we Sample answer: don’t like it Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 55 The request for a refund is justifiable: recording the properties of the plants the course is more advanced than was before they disappear originally intended, so it is no longer a shaman, his wife, scientific appropriate for Karen She is finding researchers it hard to keep up and feels Before going into the forest, a uncomfortable that she is holding scientist travels to a local village by other people back motorbike The tone of the email is very When they arrive, Gervasio, the reasonable; Karen is sympathetic to local shaman, is chanting and the teacher and the other students praying Her reasons for requesting a refund Gervasio and the team set off to are well explained The administrator look for a root / a plant the scientists would be likely to react positively are interested in and give a refund Gervasio and his wife lead the way 3a but in fact The root is used to treat and cure so despite the fact that various illnesses on the contrary Later, back in the village, Gervasio whereas looks at a book the scientist have While published 3b whereas / while diabetes, malaria, common fevers while / So despite the fact that and colds, cancer On the contrary / But in fact by showing them where the plants whereas are and sharing their knowledge of But in fact the plants and their healing properties 3c1 Despite the fact that / although / Because the plants are disappearing whilst quickly but in fact / but in reality to establish a spiritual connection Although / while with the forest but on the other hand Because they think it might be whereas / whilst useful for cancer research On the contrary help people to identify and study 11f (pages 138 and 139) The plants are becoming extinct local plants 1c 2e 3b 4d 5a because of deforestation Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 56 Unit 11 Review (page 140) someone who speaks several languages well teaching languages to people 54 was able to explain could speak succeeded in getting couldn’t pay were going to use would have remained Was he really able was supposed to show acquire pick trial grasp observation ignorant feeling engage 1d 2c 3e 4a 5b Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 57 Life Even people with university degrees … … a job is just a way to make Unit 12 Opener (page 141) you spend more than 10 per cent of your earnings on energy; if you earn less than 60 per cent of the average if you have all that you need, a good work-life balance and a happy family life 1b 2a 3g 4e 5c 6d 7f 12a (pages 142 and 143) People have a very good quality of life and the country has a lot of money invested for the future Sample answers: quality of life their natural thrift, strong work ethic a good family life, social benefits and long holidays its pension fund c Para 2: Norway’s success is not only the result of its huge reserves of oil Para 3: Laws just recently passed by the government … Para 4: It is not even invested in new schools and hospitals Yes, they all come before the word they are emphasising 1g 2e 3d 4b 5f 6a 7h 8c … so they only see their children … Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning money … The rich only represent … / The rich represent only about 5% Even poor people usually have … The state pension only gives you … / The state pension gives you just enough to live on … Norwegians can also expect to get a good education It is also due to the Norwegians’ natural thrift Norwegians also work hard Also, the country is saving for the future Also comes before the main verb or after be or an auxiliary verb It can be used at the start of the sentence, followed by a comma 10 sentence + too: the prisons are quite comfortable too! sentence + as well: and long holidays as well Also, + sentence: Also, the country is saving … also + main verb: Norwegians also work hard … be + also: It is also due to … auxiliary verb + also + main verb: Norwegians can also expect … 11 Sample answers: Norwegians are happy that the country is saving for the future, but 58 they would also like to see the a maid government increase spending on million; mostly Eastern healthcare / they would like to see the Europeans government increase spending on He thinks it is a good thing gardener, nanny, cleaner, personal healthcare as well Most countries have high public shopper, dog walker borrowing and a lot of debt too / and car washer, servant, hairdresser, also a lot of debt Norway has neither Christmas tree decorator, outside Teachers in Norway receive a good caterer salary and if they teach ‘heavy’ Many people employ people like subjects, they get extra payments, too / cleaners and car washers, but few they also get extra payments people employ outside caterers, Artists can get a grant – not a loan – Christmas tree decorators, personal from the government of around shoppers $20,000 a year and also support with The interviewer said: it seems more a childcare / support with childcare as statement of confused priorities to well me Walking the dog and decorating The prices for food and drink seem the Christmas tree are supposed to be very high to outsiders and fuel is a pleasure, aren’t they? expensive, too / fuel is also expensive However, house prices are It is the duty of the wealthy man to give employment to the artisan relatively low and so property is a b, d good investment to a, c to Nurses in Norway get 42 weeks’ to help fix maternity leave on full pay They also done organise have access to the hospital cleaned looked kindergarten when they return to got someone to organise work / They have access to the have a personal trainer take their hospital kindergarten when they children / have their children taken return to work as well have a driver pick up their children / loan have their children picked up investment debt have a travel consultant choose their borrowing salary holidays / have their holidays chosen spending grant (loan) for them 12 payment 12b (pages 144 and 145) Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 59 they get a nanny to look after their children / get their children looked after a accuracy b promptness The real essence of human nature lies get someone to pack their bags / get in the social bonds … (paragraph 1) – their bags packed social bonds are what is most important for humans 11b /ƒ/ /tƒ / /’ / /d’ / shared social interests that is at the fashion cheese television agent heart of the gift economy (paragraph 1) – the gift economy is based sugar choice usual champagne arrange fundamentally on shared social general interests January But this is not only an idea that applies 12 assemble – some shelves, a bed clean – a carpet, the bathroom decorate – the bathroom – the garden, the roof fit – a carpet, some shelves, a tap fix – a tap, the roof hang – a picture, some curtains are also many recent examples … (paragraph 2) – the idea is still valid today as well as being something that dates from early human society Rather, they felt they were entering into a long-term – ‘gift exchange’ – relationship (paragraph 3) – contrasts plaster – a wall put up – some shelves, a picture, with US system and emphasises the importance of the long-term some curtains tile – a wall, the bathroom 12c (pages 146 and 147) A gift economy is where people work for each other and share everything examples: stone-age hunter-gatherers; Japanese companies; neighbourhood groups on the Internet 1a 2b 3c 4b 5c 6b a gain to a more primitive way of life There b reward a thrive b strive a mutual b common a excess b abundance a prospects b aspects relationship to the Japanese the main gift given by the employees (paragraph 4) – the most important thing that the workers gave the company Paragraph 4: their hard work: conscientious work, effort Paragraph 6: these are hard times: difficult times Paragraph 6: drive the hardest bargain: get the outcome that is the most profitable for them bad feelings (resentment, jealousy) poor / short of money Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 60 bad luck (an expression for showing Be direct: To be honest / Let’s face it / sympathy) At the end of the day / To tell you the badly or unfairly treated truth / If I were in your shoes / When be critical, without understanding all’s said and done the other person Talk about an obstacle to the focused on the financial or agreement: That’s a bit of a sticking commercial benefits, not affected by point / Is there not some way around sentiment or personal considerations that? / Perhaps if we … , then we could 12d (page 148) … The woman seems to really want Ask the other person to see your side: If the building, she cares a lot The you look at it from our point of view / I agent doesn’t seem to care at all, he think what you have to appreciate is says there are other people who are that … interested and that they can find The woman showed that she wanted someone else (though this might not the property too much: she wasn’t be true) prepared to walk away The agent how long the lease should be for, didn’t make any compromise, but he and whether it can be changed might have ended up getting a better a get-out clause with a forfeit after deal in the end because of this six years 6a To be honest … The woman phones her partner to A key thing for us is … see what he thinks about the Let’s face it … situation At the end of the day, … perfect for our needs tied into To tell you the truth … 6b1 The bottom line for us is … negotiate that down The long and short of it is … young business The fact of the matter is … big commitment One thing that’s bothering me is … move a bit To be frank, … is so low Am I right in thinking that … ? leave it 12e (page 149) feel right What he meant was that it takes Say what the important thing is: A key longer to write something short, thing for us is / Our client’s main because one has to be more careful concern is and precise with one’s words, and the Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 61 drafting and cutting process takes teaching personalised, but living with a time host family is also very beneficial for conciseness maximising English speaking time The Aim: to report on potential new office lack of focus on language for a space particular job is not really a major Recommendation: to rent the premises issue, as the rest more than makes up 4a It is in note form, not in full for this sentences (noun phrases, few verbs) 4b Sample answer: 12f (pages 150 and 151) Sample answers: Summary The main photo shows a man pouring Last month the company sent me on a tea in what looks like a Japanese tea two-week ‘professional English’ ceremony He is in a Japanese garden course at Falcon Business Language The smaller photo shows a busy Training in London, staying with a Japanese city at night host family in west London I was The caption refers to the traditional very impressed by the course: Japanese identity, and the modern Advantages identity of an international city • well organised • spoke English in school and at home • teachers very professional – good knowledge of business world • small groups – individual attention Sample answer: Disadvantages • little focus on my particular job (engineer) the population of Japan the number of main islands that make up Japan the population of Tokyo the Meiji restoration the bombing of Pearl Harbour the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the surrender of Japan a democratic constitution its cultural emphasis on education a ritual b simplicity Recommendation c the beauty of daily routine I would recommend Falcon Business European Impressionist painters Language Training as a suitable school 1a 2d 3b 4e 5c for other colleagues to attend an Sample answer: English language course Not only are The painting shows two women the staff very professional, and the standing in the foreground One is holding an umbrella There are also Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 62 some trees and part of a building or TA: I understand that … shrine In the background there is a C: I was hoping … lake with a bridge, and a small boat TA: To tell you the truth … There are three birds in the sky C: Perhaps if we stayed … Everything is covered with fresh TA: OK, I’ll give them a call … snow Unit 12 Review (page 152) Workers had no social security benefits, and older people had to live on their savings when they retired But even the so-called advanced economies … Japan, for example, just a few decades ago … … with only the USA having a higher rate One reason was that Japan also had one of the … … contributed to the problem as well It is even beginning to be a problem already checked cut, to help play, to ask to see hard up – poor; hang – put up; decorate – paint; borrow from the bank – take out a loan; cheap – reasonable; income – earnings; nanny – child-minder; owe money – have a debt TA: So we’re suggesting … C: Yes it is, but to be honest … TA: What you have to appreciate … C: I know they aren’t … Life Upper Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 63 ... bestselling book, a great storyline, a 1 He was a Formula One driver; he died in a crash in 1994; he had a rivalry with Alain Prost; he did charity work; he was Brazilian The film is neutral; the book. .. unfairly, objective, sympathetic, impartial, fair, biased Sample answers: 1d 2e 3a 4c 5b 2a (pages 22 and 23) Probably a cowboy film or western Books only: author, best-seller, chapter, publisher, readers... immediate answers) 2T F (there will be million) Unit (page 33) F (it will help in the future) Opener F (the population density overall communications would be half that of France) students’ own answers