Students book answer key

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Life Intermediate Student’s Book Answer Key Unit belong, is, changes, understand, stand Opener (page 9) out, select, can, says, means They are two sisters in Brunei Present continuous: is getting, ’s They are praying applying, are starting, are wearing They are at a celebration for their father’s birthday present simple present continuous a the colours present simple 1a (pages 10 and 11) dress Colour gives the schoolboy a sense of are trying is wearing buy group identity – it shows he’s from the says don’t eat Quechua community gets The Huli villager is putting on face paints in traditional colours, they are an important part of the festival a badge of identity; expressing individuality through decoration; Categories thoughts / mental processes the senses sending messages a badge of identity: wearing emotions colourful traditional dress, uniforms possession or sports team colours; expressing Stative verbs believe, know, mean, suppose, understand hear, sound, taste want, love, need have, belong, contain individuality through decoration: face-painting for festivals, wearing the ‘in’ colour; sending messages: a think b are thinking using colours in packaging and a come b are coming labelling brands a love b is loving Present simple: live, plays, do, use, need, know, comes, wear, dress, Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning Present simple: at weekends, every day, never, always, often, usually Present continuous: right now, this month, this week, at the moment, this prosperity knowledge autumn, today luck sadness courage mourning wisdom envy Sample questions: How often you buy new clothes / CDs / magazines? What are you wearing right now? Where are you working these days? What you usually eat for lunch? What you wear at weekends? Do you usually work long hours? 10 Sample answers: 1b 2a 3b 4a 5a 6b 7a anger cold / sadness knowledge green love 1b 2a 3a 4c 5b 6a 7c Blue Yellow Routines: cook a meal, decorate your does house, DIY, housework, go Who Which online is is can Leisure activities: decorate your house, DIY, dress up, go online, go out with friends, go shopping, go to evening classes, go to an exercise class, learn a new skill, make something with your hands, read a new book, spend time with your family 1b (pages 12 and 13) In many cultures, red is the colour of 10 d c b a Possible follow-up questions for 5–8: What you enjoy / find difficult about it? Do you find it interesting? Which courses are you doing? Which hobbies you have? 1c (pages 14 and 15) and c love, e.g people give red roses to show they love someone Russell Hill and Robert Barton are British anthropologists Red is also commonly the colour of anger (red in the face, a red rag to a bull) Joanna Setchell does research into African primates / mandrills Jonathan Blount is a biologist at the University of Glasgow Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 1d 2a 3b 4c b In species such as the blue-footed booby, a completely different colour seems to give the male birds the same advantage with females thanks for your time Let me give you my card The first pair give the best performance They use courteous, positive but formal language (How you do, Pleased to meet you, I do, actually) and use their names The anthropologist, athlete, biologist, second pair are friendly and polite but competitor, contestant, opponent, don’t use one another’s names and are primatologist, researcher, scientist too informal (How are you? Great, 1d (page 16) Erm, what about you?) Yuvraj talks about himself and does not focus on the Students’ own ideas Dialogue Be punctual, courteous and positive Make sure you know the other other person Thanks for your time is not really appropriate here and sounds quite rude Allow me to introduce myself person’s name Use it! How you do? Make the other person the focus of It’s a pleasure to meet you your attention … It’s been good talking to you Know what you want to say and say it Let me give you my card effectively! 1e (page 17) Dialogue Be punctual, courteous and positive Know what you want to say and say it effectively! a (colour therapy, how to use colour in the workplace) d (Colour it! is completing a project for the redecoration of our hotel; … is Allow me to introduce myself How you My name’s involved with the promotion of Young Fashion Week) It’s a pleasure to meet you why don’t I give you my card it’s been good talking to you Let’s stay in touch Hello, how are you? I’m I’m very pleased to meet you Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 2a website neutral potential clients to promote the company separate sections of text 2b website: the layout shows it is a website neutral: The tone speaks directly and personally to the reader (We can offer … We help you …) but it also has formal written features (In addition) potential clients: We can offer advice on … ; we help you find … ; Testimonials to promote the company: We are a professional colour consultancy with fifteen years’ experience; We lead 1c 2e 3a 4b 5d 6f the leader for the Centre for Traditional Textiles She thought it was sad that traditional weaving was disappearing that the younger generation should learn to weave One woman’s husband has started helping with the sheep They can make a reasonable amount of money Unit Review (page 20) the field … ; Testimonials separate sections of text: the texts Q: What does this championship have headings and are in separate mean to you? boxes A: Actually, I don’t think / I’m not with fifteen years’ experience, thinking too much about it I am currently, This year concentrating on what I am doing In addition, also now and the process of building up offer advice, help, lead the field, to it working with, advising, reduce stress, completing a project, involved with Q: What influences you during a the promotion of race? A: When you hear people cheering currently, In addition your name, it makes it more This year, also exciting 1f (pages 18 and 19) weavers shawls village visitors cooked traditions farming self-sufficient Q: Do you train every day? A: At the moment, I am doing a bit more than usual I get Sundays off and I have gym work as well business Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 4 Q: How does an important competition affect your training routine? A: The routine doesn’t change before a major championships But this time, we are trying different stuff in the sessions athlete, biologist, colleague, competitor, contestant, friend, manager, mentor, opponent, parent, researcher, scientist, teacher Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning Life … since the release of Paul Simon’s album Graceland for many years – since the 1980s Zap Mama have had several Unit international hits Opener (page 21) is false because we use the past play (all the others are people) dancer (all the others are types of simple when an action is finished in the past performance) act (all the others are people) has lived has happened singer (all the others are groups of has become have heard musicians) have mixed have … made clown (all the others are types of 2, and are irregular performance) has grown drama, play choir show, musician the theatre has also got have taken over have started has become have found 10 For: a couple of days, a few months, a a choir competition while, ages, centuries, some time, years the photo Since: 1986, I was a child, July, last 2a (pages 22 and 23) Monday, lunchtime, my last holiday, 1 charango – Cuba the day before yesterday blues – USA 11 I have lived in this town for three fado – Portugal years taiko drumming – Japan I have been in my current job since flamenco – Spain 2009 bossa nova – Brazil I have known my best friend since British school six singer I haven’t listened to Peter Gabriel Zulu Belgium for ages influences I have always wanted to visit Africa Manu Chao has not been successful in the English-speaking world Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning I have never had a musical instrument 12 d yet b yet a already c just 2b (pages 24 and 25) c Sample answers: finishes involves agrees refuse pretend help doing (use -ing form after enjoy) Painting (subject of the sentence) to be (use to + infinitive after Reasons: people dance to fill the time; adjective) it’s a way of meeting people and changing (use -ing form after having a social life imagine) Effects: it makes them feel young; it seems to change their mood completely; Dancing reminds me I’m alive to learn (use to + infinitive after adjective) to play (use to + infinitive after learn) taking (use -ing form after preposition) Sample answers: to find (use to + infinitive after seem) make them feel young: keeping fit meet people: go to classes, join a club / sports team 1d 2e 3c 4b 5a 11 I really enjoy (+ -ing verb) have a social life: go out with friends, I’m quite keen on (+ -ing verb) visit friends I hate (+ -ing verb) change their mood: listen to music, go (-ing verb) makes me feel great to the cinema It’s not easy (+ to + infinitive) prepositions adjectives I can’t imagine doing anything else; I’m learning (+ to + infinitive) 2c (pages 26 and 27) Sample answer: they’re learning to traditional The author describes globalisation in dances; Dancing seems to change terms of popular culture crossing their mood; I keep practising; I find it borders – we live in different hard to stop countries, eat food from all over the Verb + –ing form: adore, imagine, keep Verb + to + infinitive: learn, seem, want Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning world and are interested in the arts of other cultures paragraph 2 paragraph paragraph In Japan, people have become advert advert 3 advert advert 3 Do you feel like going out tonight? fanatics of flamenco Lebanese food in New Delhi, pasta Yeah, why not? and Italian food in Denmark, mutton What’s on? and vegetarian food in McDonald’s in Do you like the sound of that? India It doesn’t really appeal to me! The Barbie doll now comes in What’s it about? about 30 national varieties I’m not in the mood for anything More than a fifth of all the people in depressing the world speak some English What else is on? In Shanghai the television show What time is it on? Sesame Street has been redesigned to Where’s it on? teach Chinese values I’m not keen on him b and c agree with the text a does not agree with the text: there are several examples of globalisation d does not agree with the text (I have discovered that cultures are as resourceful, resilient and unpredictable as the people who compose them) 2a 3b 4a Group B: very, really or pretty Really can be used with both sets of adjectives Pretty means fairly or moderately a and d Facts: Baz Luhrmann is a film connections culture influences market world 2d (page 28) advert The adjectives in are stronger 2e (page 29) c espresso really, pretty, very Group A: absolutely or really in everyday life 1b really, absolutely director whose films include Strictly Ballroom, Romeo + Juliet, Moulin Rouge! and Australia Luhrmann has also directed opera They have had box office success … in Romeo + advert Juliet the actors speak in verse, in Moulin Rouge! they sing their lines Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning Australia didn’t go down so well with the critics Opinions: in my opinion, Luhrmann’s work just gets better and better … his films are usually vibrant, energetic and spectacular … unusual … I thought it was absolutely fantastic … To me, his films have the power of dreams They take you into thrilling, unforgettable worlds 5c They have had box office success, even though they are unusual films I enjoyed Romeo+Juliet but I didn’t understand all the dialogue I love epic films Nevertheless, I didn’t enjoy this one In spite of praising Lurhmann’s earlier films, the critics did not like Australia I’ve seen all of the films However, I haven’t seen any of the operas Direct quotes: ‘putting on a show’; His last film was absolutely brilliant, ‘achieving so many of the dreams I so I’m looking forward to seeing the had as a kid – from going to the next one Oscars to getting a letter from Marlon Brando’ biased, personal, subjective, informative The profile includes a lot of strong personal opinions, but also some facts 5a Column 1: despite 2f (pages 30 and 31) drum drummer drumstick dance an ancient type of drumming Japan movement of the body sound, body and mind They can express their feelings and Column 2: although energy and feel as if they are outside Column 3: on the other hand, their body looking in nevertheless Column 4: consequently 5b The verb form changes after despite; 2,000 years ago: Japanese warriors used drums to cause fear The distance the sound of drums travelled marked we use the -ing form: despite being village boundaries … The early 1900s: traditional taiko We use a comma at the end of the drumming was popular in Japanese- clause, or immediately after American communities However The mid 1900s: people were losing interest Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 1968: Seiichi Tanaka arrived and actor, director brought a new interest and a new conductor, musician style of drumming choreographer, dancer Now: there are 800 groups across the singer, orchestra USA and Canada going in Canada to see by the USA drum Do you about drums body 800 stick boat Unit Review (page 32) probably performers summer Osaka, Japan I’ve lived in Japan for three months I have / I’ve learned some Japanese One of my favourite pastimes is going to matsuri I’ve just got home from the Nango summer jazz festival it was great to sit around in the sunshine It has been part of Osaka summer events for about a thousand years and some performances have hardly changed since then we’re actually hoping to join the big procession of boats on the river 10 I haven’t been on the river yet, so I’m really looking forward to that Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 10 Could and might express uncertainty, 10b (pages 120 and 121) 1F 2T 3T 4T a thousand-year process to make Mars ‘green’ and inhabitable to show that over time the planet will become greener with life on it They are domes for gardens and 2a The speaker uses the first conditional because the condition is real – the speaker is making a serious prediction about the future 10 had, would be would … take habitations 1c would is a more certain consequence 3b 4d 600 years releasing carbon dioxide It would provide more land for us, and we might learn to manage Earth better If + past simple (warmed), would + Would … be would happen, melted would … change, increased would … learn It might begin with a series of eighteen-month survey missions It would take six months Yes, it would infinitive (grow) It would release carbon dioxide If + past simple (was), would (not) + The temperature would go up infinitive (be) We would learn to manage our the present or the future improbable If we tried to, could we really transform the frozen surface Mars …? If we warmed it up and threw in some seeds, plants would grow there If we transformed Mars, … we might learn to manage our limited Earth better If I was an astronaut, I wouldn’t be keen on that six-month journey! limited Earth better 10c (pages 122 and 123) b Student A Diane Van Deren Yukon Arctic Ultra February 2009 700 kilometres 11 days frozen fruit and nut bars Student B John Dau Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 47 Sudan 10d (page 124) 1987 Allergic reactions: food poisoning, 1,600 kilometres insect bites, wasp and bee stings 14 years Cuts and bruises: blades and knives, grass and mud falling off something, falling over, Diane Following an operation, she tripping up realised she could run for hours Sprains and breaks: falling off so she started doing something, falling over, tripping up ultramarathons Cuts and bruises: That looks nasty! choice It’s nothing It might need stitches She has given herself purpose in life Allergic reactions: I’ve been stung It She is an inspiration for others looks a bit swollen It’s painful I feel a bit sick John He was escaping from soldiers Sprains and breaks: It hurts when I sent to destroy his village move it It’s just a sprain You might necessity have broken something He has survived and had an opportunity to get educated in the USA You’d better wash it straightaway If I were you, I’d go down to A&E I would keep an eye on it He took care of younger children You should put some antihistamine cream on it It might be worth getting it X-rayed I Students’ own ideas wouldn’t just ignore it Why don’t you 1b 2a 3b 4c happens started (as a hobby or sport) go and see Rosana? 5a When weakly stressed, and is pronounced /Yn(d)/ remove left (the ground in a plane) 5c Day and night, doctors and nurses, deprived him of it eyes and ears, food and drink, fruit and accepted nuts, hands and knees, mind and body, rich and famous Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 48 10e (page 125) Sample answers: In fact, to be honest, actually Before I forget, Incidentally, By the way car trouble: mechanic, friend difficulties at work: manager, colleague, personnel department money worries: bank manager, financial advisor, parent Anyway, Well, So All the same, Even so, However, The thing is 5b In fact / Actually of course Before I forget / Incidentally / By personal problems: partner, close the way friend, counsellor, psychiatrist Anyway / Well relationship dilemmas: close friend, counsellor, psychiatrist c It’s informal because it uses informal expressions (Hi there, Thanks so All the same / Even so 10f (pages 126 and 127) The people all the activities except sailing and flying 1b 2c 3a much …, I bet you wish you were me, The things is, By the way) and abbreviations (I’ve got, It’s, I’d) lack of oxygen native Tibetans Sample answers: a make fire I would advise Kate to go, it would be b use it to keep warm a wonderful opportunity, and she c take it with them would get some good experience that It may prove that people are might help her to get a better job genetically adapted to high altitudes when she comes back breath I would advise her not to go She strategy might not be able to find a job when prospect survival, intense tools, needles she comes back Jobs are difficult to find at the moment 5a Clearly, naturally, obviously, of course Unit 10 Review (page 128) an adrenalin junkie = somebody who loves doing exciting things (e.g base jumping, bungee jumping) Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 49 bravery = when you dare to something dangerous or difficult (e.g a soldier who risks his life to save someone) a dangerous place = a place where you could be injured or die (e.g a remote jungle, the Arctic) extreme sports = sports that involve danger (e.g ski jumping, sky diving, cliff diving) a life threatening situation = a situation in which somebody might die (many examples) plane (others are places you stay) heal (others are treatments / tests) mirror (the others are types or parts of plants) pain (the others are medical jobs) Sample answers: get (broken bone) phone (serious allergy) going (sprain) taking (bee sting) put (cut, bite, sting) Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 50 Life young people leaving to live and work in cities Funai released photos of an Unit 11 Opener (page 129) ‘uncontacted’ Amazonian tribe and said that the tribe was under threat because of logging It could appear on the front page or in the world news section It is more likely to appear in a colour supplement or in a features section Sample answers: Survival International said that the photos were genuine and that the tribe now lived without contact with the outside world The Peruvian government suggested I always know what’s happening in that the story was no more than a the world / I don’t buy a newspaper strategy by groups opposed to depressing / boring development of the area’s resources It it probably isn’t all true later agreed to work with the Brazilian I don’t like sport authorities to stop illegal logging in the area I can keep up with business news depressing The BBC showed unseen footage of the tribe in a documentary celebrities often say they are misquoted by journalists I’m not that interested in sport Some people asked if the tribe was truly ‘uncontacted’; the NGO Survival International said that they were 11a (pages 130 and 131) 1 The photo shows members of an confident that the photos were genuine; the Peruvian government suggested ‘uncontacted’ tribe deep in the that the story was no more than a Amazon basin strategy … Parts of the Amazon basin, remote The images went viral Survival islands in the Indian Ocean, New International’s website had over a Guinea in the Pacific million hits in three days The images Threats include the destruction of provoked a worldwide reaction on the local environment for logging or Facebook, YouTube and Vimeo mineral exploitation, contact with Three days later, the Peruvian diseases they have no immunity to, government announced that they would work with the Brazilian Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 51 authorities to stop illegal logging in ‘The story is no more than a strategy by the area groups opposed to development of the area’s resources.’ b, c and d is Is We The Survival International spokesman … explained that his organisation wasn’t suggesting that ‘The images spread across the world within minutes.’ ‘Why has nobody done anything to save these tribes?’ the tribe had never had any contact ‘We will work with the Brazilian with the outside world but that they authorities to stop illegal logging in the now lived without it area.’ The Peruvian government suggested ‘One image has had more impact than that the story was no more than a one thousand reports.’ strategy by groups opposed to development of the area’s resources c A Funai spokesperson said / announced that they had taken the Survival International said the images photos to show that these people had spread across the world within existed minutes b / c / d A spokesperson asked how A typical post asked why nobody had done anything to save these tribes many tribes like this (those) there were a A language expert said / argued that the term ‘uncontacted’ was more of a The Peruvian government announced media word than a scientific term that they would work with the b An anonymous poster asked if / Brazilian authorities to stop illegal whether unseen tribes existed logging in the area d A Peruvian government official As a Funai spokesperson said later, one image had had more impact than one thousand reports said / agreed that everyone had heard of them, but (said that) there was no evidence c A Funai spokesperson said that if ‘My organisation isn’t suggesting that the tribe has never had any contact we didn’t save these (those) tribes, this would happen to all of us with the outside world but that they now live without it.’ had made had helped Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning needed didn’t have 52 had followed wasn’t marked Amy invited Jared to come and watch had 10 would take the film on their new flat screen TV didn’t kill 11 was Dinah told Amy to plug in the battery had died 12 could stop charger first Jared offered to put the photos on the 11b (pages x and x) 1 Twitter computer for Dinah broadband Amy promised to switch it off when texting Skype™ she was finished Flickr blog 12 I didn’t realise Twitter could be useful headline headline for anything! headline headline I thought it was today 1c 2b 3a 4b I wondered if you had I didn’t think that you could that The journalist asks her Twitter I know who you mean followers to suggest things to The blog reminds readers not to use telescopes 11c (pages 134 and 135) the printing press = a machine invented The company told people not to 500 years ago for printing books turn up for work connecting tools = types of digital The politician invited aliens to meet technology that allow us to him communicate with others and b The verb form is to + infinitive digital communication = communicating through technology social networking = communicating 10 Sample answers: with friends, family and others by Could you suggest things to do? means of websites Remember not to use telescopes digital media / new media = means of Don’t turn up for work digital communication Would you like to meet me? 1b 2a 3b 4a 11 Dinah reminded Amy to turn off her mobile Jared asked Dinah to set up her email account Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning can change might not have have not started 53 … communication is fundamental Could I speak to Jess Parker, please? to our relationships and so it follows Can I take a message? that a change in the way we It’s about the apartment communicate will change those I’m returning her call relationships I’m on 96235601 … it’s a relationship without any Who’s calling? real responsibility which you can turn I’ll try and call you later off at any moment So does it make I’ll let her know that you rang sense to talk about a YouTube She’ll get back to you ‘community’? It’s pretty amazing that I have this little box sitting on my desk through Tony: which I can talk to any one of a didn’t leave his number – but billion people And yet any of us he did really use it for all the potential that’s there? The last time communication technology had such a wide-ranging impact was … (a) It has been viewed millions of times The woman says that Roger Jess: 2 The caller’s name was Roger – not Simon 5b Could you give me your name / (a) number / address, please? It’s the tragedy of our times … (b) Can I leave my name / number / 1e 2d 3a 4c 5b 11d (page 136) For: Tony Price From: Roger Message: He’s calling about the apartment for rent in the town centre address ? Could you ask him/her to call me back / get in touch / give me a ring? Can I make an appointment? Can I call round? 11e (page 137) 1 Ms Macy mentioned that a woman For: Jess Parker had seen her cat through her window From: Roger Lee on Street View Message: He’s returning her call This is a message for Tony Price Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 54 Mr Ross was worried that house this information is already widely numbers or people’s faces would be available Mr and Mrs Lund said that visible burglars don’t need Street View to Ms Falco made the point that the carry out burglaries There was general same satellite information is already agreement with this view Some available elsewhere on the Internet questions were asked about the idea Mr and Mrs Lund thought that the Somebody asked if a street could opt information wouldn’t make burglary out of Street View Another resident more likely asked if we were covered by any Ms Falco was to investigate the privacy laws Someone asked what the situation (contact Google, other legal situation was residents’ associations, etc.) and get back to the other residents 2a It refers to part 1.1 The notes use key words and symbols In the report the writer uses full sentences and reported speech 2b Sample answers: The next meeting will be on the 2nd November Mr and Mrs Watts will be absent They will phone on Thursday or Friday The second item on the agenda was street lights What is the address? Ms Falco agreed to investigate by contacting Google, other residents’ associations, and so on She said that she would get back to us 11f (pages 138 and 139) 1 to ski across Antarctica to find out more about themselves extreme cold and wind, pulling heavy loads The women wrote an online journal on an Internet site a3 b1 c7 d4 e6 f8 g5 h2 1T 2T 3F 4F 5F 6F 7T 8T Ask at the library, town hall, and so on (see also the underlined phrases in the This is not a big problem In video script.) addition, it’s easy to solve Sample answers: Ms Falco said that satellite image 00.01–00.30 They were two women with one goal Liv Arnesen and Ann Bancroft dreamed of becoming the websites provide more detail and that Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 55 first women in history to ski across health issue’ (i.e there is still cause Antarctica for concern) … a book, No Horizon is So Far, in which they shared their reasons for exploring the planet … 00.44–01.23 … Sometimes they had to use their food to warm their fingers, to get the blood moving again During their adventure, Liv and Ann shared their story with people from a hundred and fifty countries through an online journal 01.24–01.41 Ann I think the thing asked, suggested, told, reminded, said, said ‘Are there any health risks?’ ‘Overuse of mobiles is dangerous.’ ‘Limit the time and frequency of your mobile calls.’ ‘Don’t allow your children to use mobiles.’ ‘The danger to young people has become a mental … health issue.’ ‘Vulnerable young people are becoming addicted to the online world …’ that’s fabulous about opening the story up to others, is it comes back features And it’s not just remarking on what politics and society we’re doing What we ended up business getting were other people’s dreams sports pages 1e 2d 3b 4a 5f 6c Unit 11 Review (page 140) The news item supports statement 2, but it contradicts statements and national news comment and analysis entertainment world news 1e No, I’m sorry, he isn’t ‘there is still no definitive evidence 2c Yes, sure of this’ 3b OK, you want him to call you? ‘governments … reminded parents not to allow their children to use 4d Right, I’ll tell him mobiles’ 5a Bye ‘the danger to young people had become a mental, not a physical, Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 56 Life Beth’s story: bones, tusks, mammoth, mummies, remote, deserted, eaten alive, bite, go mad Unit 12 Opener (page 141) She was with local trackers and guides a lot of screaming and shouting The fisherman ties a snare or puts a ring around the cormorant’s throat This means that it can swallow small fish but not big fish As a result, the fisherman is able to force the cormorant to cough up any big fish it has caught when it returns to the boat No, but it’s easier at night They are very fast They can catch fish more quickly than me I put a ring around their neck to They had placed their camp on an elephant path It was flattened mammoth bones, tusks and mummies It was remote and deserted There were millions of mosquitoes They put mosquito nets over their heads Emma Emma Beth Beth Beth Emma stop them swallowing the bigger fish No – they know that if they stay 1c 2c 3d 4a 5a 6b with me, they have an easy life 10 shouldn’t have eaten All my life 12a (pages 142 and 143) couldn’t have felt should have had should have taken Emma is a wildlife researcher, and could have died Beth is a biologist Emma goes to places with ‘tough 12b (pages 144 and 145) conditions’ such as the African forest Sample answers: Beth often goes to Siberia It is cold, hostile, remote, Suggested ideas: Africa – heat, inhospitable, and in winter it is dark In insects, wild animals; Siberia – cold, summer, the days are very long but it is wild animals still very cold and covered in snow Emma’s story: eye-opener, trumpeting, steps, flattened Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning Challenges include travelling long distances across snow, keeping warm, 57 finding their route without roads, The men wouldn’t have been carrying food, polar bears exhausted if dogs had pulled their Traditionally, they lived in igloos, sledges hunted seals and fish with harpoons, The sledges wouldn’t have been wore sealskins and snow shoes, and heavy if the men had only taken travelled long distances seeking food essential items Today, few follow this traditional The men wouldn’t have got scurvy lifestyle if they had eaten Inuit food to find the Northwest Passage from the Atlantic to Asia Most journeys ended in failure and tragedy brave and foolish 1F 2F 3T 4T 5T If + had + past participle (past perfect form), would + have + past They wouldn’t have become ill if they had known their canned food was poisonous They wouldn’t have got stuck in the ice if they had asked local people The expeditions would have been successful if they had followed local customs b If we had planned everything participle better, the holiday wouldn’t have would(n’t) + have + past participle, been a disaster if + had(n’t) + past participle (past perfect form) we had known how to read the road a No a Yes b No b Yes c We wouldn’t have got lost if signs e We would have been able to ask for help if we had taken a phrase British explorers could have avoided book starvation, frostbite and even death if they had copied the survival us directions, we wouldn’t have found techniques of the local Inuit people our way back to the main road If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit, they wouldn’t have suffered from … frostbite … d a If the local people hadn’t given If we had remembered to check the museum opening times, we wouldn’t have got there too late f We could have got into the Could is used in the first example to museum if we had dressed in express possibility appropriate clothes Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 58 12c (pages 146 and 147) Insert after: The samurai have inspired hundreds of films, video Sample answers: Combat is a type of fighting; soldiers fight their enemies; opponents are enemies; a sword is a weapon; generals lead armies games, comic books, and TV dramas 1a 2b 3b 4b didn’t work as expected continue They were the elite warrior class rising / increasing Japan became silent from the tenth century to the carry out nineteenth century make an attempt / try They were employed by wealthy landowners to fight, and went into battle on horseback They also 12d (page 148) challenged opponents to ritualised One of the speakers doesn’t eat combat, trained for hand-to-hand meat combat, socialised with artists, and One of the speakers broke a practised calligraphy, flower tray of good glasses arranging and the tea ceremony One of the speakers is late because the bus was late 1T 2F 3T 4F 5T appeal savage overcoming unarmed fierce threat battle-weary lone Insert after: Our message here is that if you try hard, at kendo or anything else, you will enjoy life Insert after: … the wealthy landowners might not have decided to employ private soldiers and the 1b 2a 3c The guest eats the vegetables and leaves the meat The person who didn’t break the glasses apologises The person who is late apologises The expressions in are quite formal samurai might never have existed and less likely to be used with friends Insert after: … went to the theatre or family Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 59 The expressions in are very A fish (sometimes octopus) informal and could sound rude from two sharp spines on its fins The expressions in are quite neutral 12e (page 149) and Take a small gift for your hosts Show an interest in British and Irish a fierce predator, travels in packs B camouflage, releasing ink, fast movement fish, prawns, crabs in a giant aquarium tank culture why sharks were dying Take some photos from home so you The octopus was killing them can talk about the photos to your because they usually only eat small hosts creatures Don’t behave like a tourist – normal arms and beak life is what you are there to experience! Be punctual, polite and sociable 5a All these things are fine, so they have been checked 5b them = families in Britain and Ireland fierce predator tank bodies welfare creature kill responsible 5c these things = they in their home = there a gift from a guest = the same Unit 12 Review (page 152) It won the prize because of the patience Your stay = It and dedication of the photographer and British and Irish = their the appearance of the snow leopard the photos = them Taking the photos = This a tourist = one Normal life is = That’s had been wouldn’t have got could have frozen wouldn’t have been able 12f (pages 150 and 151) would have turned out The octopus kills the sharks hadn’t gone Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 60 If his father hadn’t given him a camera, he might not have become a photographer He might not have found the snow leopard (because it’s very hard to find) He should have moved up the mountain earlier If National Geographic hadn’t commissioned the assignment, Steve wouldn’t / mightn’t have got this photo / won the prize igloo, tent backpack, suitcase hammock, sleeping bag guide, healer canned food, dried food Don’t worry about it – Well, don’t blame me – No, it’s my fault It’s not your fault Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 61 ... spider, birds, a monkey, and Nasca lines may have been part of a a dog; human figures long tradition hundreds Sentences 2, 3, 4, 5, and (from about 500 square kilometres answer key above) about... 14 had just got up lake, marina , ocean, pool, reservoir, river, sea, stream, waterfall Students? ?? own answers Life Intermediate © National Geographic Learning 15 Life Speaker a train driver b... routine, Kashinath Manna secure, badly paid Tamil Selvan Vet: dirty, responsible, rewarding, (See answer key to Exercise 7) satisfying, secure I’ll be fine (Meena – 100% sure) Speaker a a superhero