Tài liệu Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters doc

Contents Overview 1 Introduction to Server Clusters 2 Multimedia: Microsoft Windows 2000 Cluster Service 7 Key Concepts of a Server Cluster 9 Demonstration: Cluster Concepts 26 Choosing a Server Cluster Configuration 27 Applications and Services on Server Clusters 36 Review 44 Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The names of companies, products, people, characters, and/or data mentioned herein are fictitious and are in no way intended to represent any real individual, company, product, or event, unless otherwise noted. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. If, however, your only means of access is electronic, permission to print one copy is hereby granted. 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Program Manager: Don Thompson Product Manager: Greg Bulette Instructional Designers: April Andrien, Priscilla Johnston, Diana Jahrling Subject Matter Experts: Jack Creasey, Jeff Johnson Technical Contributor: James Cochran Classroom Automation: Lorrin Smith-Bates Graphic Designer: Andrea Heuston (Artitudes Layout & Design) Editing Manager: Lynette Skinner Editor: Elizabeth Reese Copy Editor: Bill Jones (S&T Consulting) Production Manager: Miracle Davis Build Manager: Julie Challenger Print Production: Irene Barnett (S&T Consulting) CD Production: Eric Wagoner Test Manager: Eric R. Myers Test Lead: Robertson Lee (Volt Technical) Creative Director: David Mahlmann Media Consultation: Scott Serna Illustration: Andrea Heuston (Artitudes Layout & Design) Localization Manager: Rick Terek Operations Coordinator: John Williams Manufacturing Support: Laura King; Kathy Hershey Lead Product Manager, Release Management: Bo Galford Lead Technology Manager: Sid Benavente Lead Product Manager, Content Development: Ken Rosen Group Manager, Courseware Infrastructure: David Bramble Group Product Manager, Content Development: Julie Truax Director, Training & Certification Courseware Development: Dean Murray General Manager: Robert Stewart Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters iii Instructor Notes This module provides students with a brief overview of the different types of server clusters and their key benefits of availability and scalability. A short video gives an overview of how Cluster service functions, and introduces the key terms and concepts, which are explained in the Key Concepts of a Server Cluster section of the module. Students are then introduced to four different cluster configuration options. The last section explains how both cluster-aware and generic services and applications run in a server cluster, including an explanation of how to identify performance limitations, which are caused by these resources. After completing this module, students will be able to:  Explain the features of clustering technologies.  Define the key terms and concepts of a server cluster.  Choose a server cluster configuration.  Describe how Cluster service supports applications and services. Materials and Preparation This section provides the materials and preparation tasks that you need to teach this module. Required Materials To teach this module, you need the following materials:  Microsoft® PowerPoint® file 2087A_02.ppt  Servercluster.avi file on the Instructor CD Preparation Tasks To prepare for this module, you should:  Read the materials for this module and anticipate questions students may ask.  Preview the servercluster.avi and the review questions and prepare additional questions as necessary.  Practice the demonstration.  Study the review questions and prepare alternative answers for discussion.  Read the Appendix. Presentation: 90 Minutes Lab: 00 Minutes iv Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters Demonstration This section provides demonstration procedures that will not fit in the margin notes or are not appropriate for the student notes. Cluster Concepts  To prepare for the demonstration 1. Run the demonstration enough times so you can perform the demonstration without referring to the material. 2. Classroom setup must be complete. 3. The Terminal Services client needs to be installed on the London computer. 4. The Cluster Administrator needs to be installed on the London computer. In this demonstration, you will reinforce the concepts of server clusters and show the students different name resolution capabilities for clients accessing resources from the cluster. Demonstration 1  To start Cluster Administrator from the Run command and view the Cluster Group Owner 1. On the Start menu, click Run. 2. In the Run command dialog box, type Cluadmin.exe -noreconnect 3. Cluster Administrator opens, and in the Open Connection to Cluster dialog box, type MyCluster and then click Open. 4. Show the students the different groups and resources. 5. Point out that the two servers running the cluster are named NodeA and NodeB. 6. Expand Groups, and point out the owner of Cluster Group. Leave Cluster Administrator open. Demonstration 2  To create a public folder share from a Terminal Services session 1. On the Start menu, point to Programs, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Terminal Services Connections. 2. Right-click Terminal Services Connections, and then click Add new connection…. 3. In the Add New Connection dialog box, fill out the following information and then click OK. 4. Server name or IP address: NodeA 5. Connection name: NodeA 6. Perform the previous step and replace NodeA with NodeB. 7. Right-click the Node that is the owner of Cluster Group, and then click Connect. 8. In the Log On to Windows dialog box fill out the following information and click OK. Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters v 9. User Name: Administrator@nwtraders.msft 10. Password: password 11. On the desktop, double-click My Computer. 12. In My Computer, double-click drive W: 13. On drive W menu, click File, select New, and then click Folder. 14. Name the folder Public. 15. Close Terminal Services connections MMC. Demonstration 3  To create a File Share resource 1. From Cluster Administrator, expand Groups, and then click Cluster Group. 2. Right-click Cluster Group, select New, and then click Resource. 3. In the New Resource dialog box fill out the following and then click Next. • Name: Public Share • Description: Public Share on MyCluster • Resource type: File Share • Group: Cluster Group 4. In the Possible Owners dialog box, click Next. 5. In the Dependencies dialog box, add the following Resource dependencies, and then click Next. • Cluster Name • Disk W: 6. In the File Share Parameters dialog box fill out the following information and then click Finish. • Share Name: Public • Path: W:\Public • Comment: Public File Share on MyCluster 7. Click OK to confirm that the resource was created successfully. 8. Right-click Public Share, and then click Bring Online. Demonstration 4  To test WINS Name Resolution for the Public Share 1. On the Start menu, click Run. 2. In the Run dialog box, type \\mycluster\public 3. In Microsoft Windows ® Explorer, view the contents of the public folder. 4. From Windows Explorer click File, select New, and then click Folder. 5. Name the folder Sales. 6. Close Windows Explorer. vi Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters Demonstration 5  To test DNS Name Resolution 1. On the Start menu, click Run. 2. In the Run dialog box, type \\mycluster.nwtraders.msft\public 3. When Windows Explorer opens, view the contents of the public folder. Demonstration 6  To publish a Shared Folder in Microsoft Active Directory ™ directory service 1. On the Start menu, point to Programs, then point to Administrative Tools, and then click on Active Directory Users and Computers. 2. On the Tree tab, expand nwtraders.msft. 3. Right-click Users, select New, and then click Shared Folder. 4. In the New Object – Shared Folder dialog box, fill out the following and then click OK. • Name: Public Share on MyCluster • Network path (\\server\share): \\mycluster\public or \\mycluster.nwtraders.msft\public 5. Close Active Directory Users and Computers. 6. On your desktop, double-click My Network Places. 7. In My Network Places, double-click Entire Network. 8. In the Entire Network window, click entire contents on the left side of the screen. 9. In the Entire Network window, double-click Directory. 10. In the Directory window, double-click nwtraders. 11. In the ntds://nwtraders.msft window, double-click Users. 12. In the ntds://nwtraders.msft/Users window, double-click Public. 13. Windows Explorer opens the contents of the public share on mycluster. Demonstration 7  To demonstrate a failover of the Public Share 1. On the Start menu, point to Programs, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Cluster Administrator. 2. If prompted to connect to a cluster, type MyCluster and then click Open. 3. In Cluster Administrator, expand Groups, right-click Cluster Group, and then click Move Group. 4. Show the students how the owner is changing from NodeX to NodeY, X being the original node controlling the Cluster Group and Y being the node that will take control of the Cluster Group. Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters vii Demonstration 8  To test WINS Name Resolution after failover 1. On the Start menu, click Run. 2. In the Run dialog box, type \\mycluster\public 3. Windows Explorer opens and you can view the contents of the public folder. Demonstration 9  To test DNS Name Resolution after failover 1. On the Start menu, click Run. 2. In the Run dialog box, type \\mycluster.mwtraders.msft\public 3. Windows Explorer opens and you can view the contents of the public folder. Demonstration 10  To test Active Directory Shared Folders after failover 1. On your desktop, double-click My Network Places. 2. In My Network Places, double-click Entire Network. 3. In the Entire Network window, click entire contents from the left side of the screen. 4. In the Entire Network window, double-click Directory. 5. In the Directory window, double-click nwtraders. 6. In the ntds://nwtraders.msft window, double-click Users. 7. In the ntds://nwtraders.msft/Users window, double-click Public. 8. Windows Explorer opens the contents of the public share on mycluster. viii Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters Multimedia Presentation This section provides multimedia presentation procedures that do not fit in the margin notes or are not appropriate for the student notes. Microsoft Windows 2000 Cluster Service  To prepare for the multimedia presentation 1. Preview the video and note where the information covered appears in the module (both in the list of definitions and in the greater detail pages that follow). 2. Add questions about the video and server clusters that may be especially relevant to your audience. 3. Make sure that you control the questions and discussions so that students do not expect the animation to be the equivalent of the entire module contents. Its purpose is to provide a broad overview to orient students to the materials that will follow. Module Strategy Use the following strategy to present this module:  Introduction to Server Clusters The intent of this introduction is to give students a history of server cluster techniques and explain the differences between the model that Cluster service uses and two other options. It also provides an opportunity to emphasize the key benefits of server clusters: availability and scalability. • Clustering Techniques: Note the difference between a shared everything model and a shared nothing model, and how Cluster service utilizes the shared nothing model. • Availability and Scalability: Students should understand the differences between availability and scalability and how Cluster service improves availability and scalability.  Multimedia: Introduction to Microsoft Windows 2000 Cluster Service Emphasize the shared nothing model and how it relates to the video, and how the application’s data is stored on the cluster disk. Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters ix  Key Concepts of a Server Cluster The list of key concepts that opens this section is designed to provide a brief description of the concepts that students will need to know to successfully install and administer a server cluster. The information in this section is foundational to the rest of the Cluster service portion of the course. Take time to process questions and check for understanding. • Cluster Disks. The cluster disks, also known as shared disks, are based on a shared nothing model. Only one node at a time has access to the disk. • Quorum Resource. The quorum is a vital part of Cluster service. Students need to understand what is stored in the quorum, how the nodes interact with the quorum through arbitration, and the data a node can get after a restart from the quorum recovery logs. • Cluster Communications. Cluster service communicates with clients over a public network, between nodes over a private network and can use a mixed network for a private network failover. • Groups and Resources. Students need to understand that groups are a logical collection of resources. You can add many resources to a group. You can take resources offline but they may have dependencies that will also bring other resources offline. • Resource Dependency Trees. Consultants often use diagrams of dependency trees to help their customers understand the concept of dependencies and how important they are to Cluster service. • Virtual Servers. A virtual server consists of a virtual IP address and a virtual name resource. Clients gain access to cluster resources through virtual servers. Students need to understand the relationship between the resources and the virtual servers. • Virtual Server Name Resolution. Clients access a virtual server as if it were a physical server on the network. Stress the importance of proper name resolution so that clients can always access the virtual server no matter which node is controlling the virtual server. • Failover and Failback. The key concept to keep applications and resources available is the ability for Cluster service to fail over a group from one node to another.  Demonstration: Cluster Concepts This demonstration reinforces the concepts presented to the students in this section. Key points of the demo are name resolution to a virtual server and failover of a resource. x Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters  Choosing a Server Cluster Configuration The table on the first page of this section provides a reference point for the descriptions of the four configurations which follow. Ask students for examples of how they might use each of the configurations in their environments, or why they would not. • Active/Passive Configuration. Only one node is doing work in the cluster. The other node is waiting for the first node to fail. • Active/Active Configuration. Both nodes are performing work in the cluster, but have the capacity to handle all of the resources in case one node fails. • Hybrid Configuration. If a node is doing work outside the cluster, it is referred to as a hybrid configuration in either an active/active or active/passive configuration. • Single Node Virtual Server. This configuration is ideal for server consolidation because one physical server can control many virtual servers.  Applications and Services on Server Clusters This section covers the information that students will need to decide which applications and services they will run in a server cluster. Make sure students understand the difference between cluster-aware and cluster- unaware applications and services. File and print shares benefit especially from the failover feature of Cluster service. The material on identifying performance limitations is not intended to be a complete planning guide for allocating resources in a server cluster, but should be explained as an issue that students will need to consider when installing Cluster service and adding services and applications to existing server clusters. • Applications. Students need to know the difference between cluster- aware and cluster-unaware applications. To run on Cluster service, you must configure cluster-unaware applications as generic resource types. • Services. The services that come with Microsoft Windows 2000 that can run on a server cluster are DFS, DHCP, and WINS. Cluster-aware and cluster-unaware services have the same characteristics as covered in the page on applications. • File and Print Shares. An excellent use for Cluster service is for highly- available file and print shares. • Identifying Performance Limitations. Students need to understand that the dynamics of a node’s performance could change depending on what groups the node controls. Lab Setup There are no lab setup requirements that affect replication or customization. [...].. .Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters 1 Overview Topic Objective To provide an overview of the module topics and objectives Lead-in In this topic we will talk about the features and key concepts of server clusters Introduction to Server Clusters Key Concepts of a Server Cluster Choosing a Server Cluster Configuration Applications and Services on Server Clusters *****************************ILLEGAL... _ Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters 9 Key Concepts of a Server Cluster Topic Objective Server Cluster To identify the key concepts of a server cluster Node A Node A Lead-in A server cluster has physical components and logical resources A Group of Resources Quorum Private Private Network Network File Share File Share Disk 1 Disk 1 Client Client Virtual Virtual Server Server Print Share... a server cluster After completing this module, you will be able to: Explain the features of clustering technologies Define the key terms and concepts of a server cluster Choose a server cluster configuration Describe how Cluster service supports applications and services 2 Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters Introduction to Server Clusters Topic Objective To introduce the concept and benefits of. .. any resource on which it depends is taken offline 20 Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters Virtual Servers Topic Objective To explain the use of virtual servers for client access to the server cluster Lead-in One of the key concepts in a server cluster is the virtual server Client Access to Virtual Servers Virtual Server Environment Virtual Server Naming Named Pipe Remapping Registry Replication *****************************ILLEGAL... Failback Failover is the process of moving a group of resources from one node to another in case of a failure of a node, or one of the resources in the group Failback is the process of returning a group of resources to the node on which it was running before the failover occurred Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters 11 Cluster Disks Topic Objective To explain the use of cluster disks for storing shared... hardware and software resources Server clusters are affordable because they can be built with commodity hardware (high-volume components that are relatively inexpensive) Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters 7 Multimedia: Microsoft Windows 2000 Cluster Service Topic Objective To introduce the animation which depicts the functions and terms of server clusters Lead-in This video shows an overview of Cluster... resources, as applications often make use of dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) in ways that introduce new naming dependencies Cluster service masks the complexity of resource dependencies and allows for seamless failovers of virtual servers 22 Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters Virtual Server Name Resolution Topic Objective WINS WINS \\VirtualServer = 10.0.0.25 \\VirtualServer = 10.0.0.25 To describe... Note Windows 2000 Advanced Server supports two node server clusters Windows 2000 Datacenter supports four node server clusters Cluster Disks Cluster disks are shared hard drives to which both server cluster nodes attach by means of a shared bus You store data for file and print shares, applications, resources, and services on the shared disks 10 Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters Quorum Resource... virtual server as if the WINS server were a virtual server DNS In a Windows 2000 environment with a DNS dynamic update protocol Cluster service registers the virtual server names of the cluster in the same zone as the server cluster nodes Clients querying a common DNS server will resolve the virtual server s IP address Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters 23 Active Directory You can publish clustered... delays in responding to client requests, the administrator can choose to fail back this group to Node A during off-peak hours, or leave the ownership of the group with Node B 26 Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters Demonstration: Cluster Concepts Topic Objective To demonstrate the key concepts of a server cluster by showing the students different name resolution capabilities for clients accessing resources . customization. Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters 1 Overview  Introduction to Server Clusters  Key Concepts of a Server Cluster  Choosing a Server Cluster. stored on the cluster disk. Module 2: Concepts of Server Clusters ix  Key Concepts of a Server Cluster The list of key concepts that opens this section