... bn v gii tớch trờn thang thi gian 1.2 Quỏ trỡnh ngu nhiờn trờn thang thi gian Chng Tớch phõn ngu nhiờn trờn thang thi gian ... khỏc rng ca s thc R c gi l thang thi gian (time scales) Ký hiu thang thi gian l T D thy rng cỏc hp: R, Z, N, N0 , [0, 1] [2, 3], [0, 1] N v Cantor l cỏc thang thi gian Trong ú, cỏc hp: Q, R ... (backward jump operator) trờn thang thi gian T Quy c inf = sup T (ngha l (M ) = M nu thang thi gian T cú phn t ln nht l M ) v sup = inf T (ngha l (m) = m nu thang thi gian T cú phn t nh nht l m)...