... hydrogen demand to achieve increased desulfurization needs or switches to heavier crudes. Various suppliers provide pre-reformers including Haldor-Topsoe, Süd-Chemie, and Technip-KTI. 55 operating ... to achieve these goals, including lean-premix burners (Seebold et al., 2001), swirl burners (Cheng, 1999), pulsating burners (Petrick and Pellegrino, 1999) and rotary burners (U.S. DOE-OIT, ... first been demonstrated about 20 years ago (Baker et al., 2000), and are used in various state-of-the-art plant designs. Refinery offgas flows have a different composition, making different membranes...