A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 56 pot
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 56 pot
... generic part of
cabrio. Thus, the following assignment is also invalid
Example: PassCar auto;
auto = *carPtr; // Error!
although carPtr is pointing at an object of the PassCar type in this case!
ᮀ ... HIERARCHIES
Car
PassCar
carPtr
static_cast<PassCar*>(carPtr)
Pointer to
Base class
Derived
class
Downcast
Car
PassCar
static_cast<Car*>(PassCarPtr)
PassCarPtr
Pointer to
Base...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 85 potx
... 164
comparing, 158
concatenating, 156, 157
escape sequences used in, 29
initializing, 154, 155
inserting and erasing in, 160, 161
numbers converted to, 288
output of, 68, 69
searching and replacing in, ... 279
sample program, 278
Standard output, 59
Standard settings, 65
Star character, 233
State flags, 645, 647
Statements, 9
Static arrays, 325
Static binding, 551
Static data members, 304...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 4 pot
... correctly interpreting the codes.
The C++ language does not stipulate any particular characters set, although in gen-
eral a character set that contains the ASCII code (American Standard Code for Informa-
tion ... returning a value of 0 as an exit
code to the calling program. It is standard practice to use the exit code 0 to indicate that
a program has terminated correctly.
No...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 5 pot
... literal
5.19
0.519E1
0.0519e2
519.OE-2
12.
12.0
.12E+2
12e0
0.75
.75
7.5e-1
75E-2
0.00004
0.4e-4
.4E-4
4E-5
Constant Character Constant Value
(ASCII code decimal)
Capital A
Lowercase a
Blank
Dot
Digit 0
Terminating null character
65
97
32
46
48
0
&apos ;A& apos;
&apos ;a& apos;
' '
'.'
'0'
'\0'
FUNDAMENTAL ... '
'.'
'0'
&apo...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 6 potx
... <iostream>
using namespace std;
int gVar1; // Global variables,
int gVar2 = 2; // explicit initialization
int main()
{
char ch(&apos ;A& apos;); // Local variable being initialized
// or: char ch = &apos ;A& apos;;
cout ... records are stored in variables to
enable their processing by a program. Variables are also referred to as objects, particularly
if they belong to a clas...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 8 potx
... This makes the string class available and allows user-
friendly string manipulations in C++. The following pages contain further details on this
topic.
ᮀ Header Files in the C Programming Language
The ... header files standardized for the C programming language were adopted for the C++
standard and, thus, the complete functionality of the standard C libraries is available to
C...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 13 potx
... operator has a
value and belongs to a certain type. The type and value are defined by the last expression
in a statement separated by commas.
Example: x = (a = 3, b = 5, a * b);
In this example ... can define and initialize a variable within an if statement. The expression is true if
converting the variable’s value to a bool type yields true. In this case the variable i...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 17 potx
... particularly applies to converting negative floating-
point numbers to unsigned integers (see Example 4).
c. Conversion of a floating-point type to a smaller type
If the floating-point number falls ... long to float, some
rounding may occur.
4. Conversion of a floating-point type to a larger floating-point type
Examples: float to double, double to long double
The value i...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 18 pot
... copying, con-
catenation, and comparison. Additionally, various methods for string manipulation such
as insertion, erasing, searching, and replacing are available.
ᮀ Initializing Strings
A string, ... left blank
DEFINING AND ASSIGNING STRINGS
■
155
C++ uses the standard class string to represent and manipulate strings allowing for
comfortable and safe string handling. During string ope...
A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 23 potx
... always static. These objects are created when
a program is launched and are available until the program is terminated.
Four storage classes are available for creating objects with the scope and ... central objects defined as extern.
✓
NOTE
204
■
CHAPTER 11 ST0RAGE CLASSES AND NAMESPACES
// StrToL.cpp
// The function strToLong() converts a string containing
// a leading integer into an i...
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