Effect of additives in compressed lead–acid batteries pdf

... action of antimony in extending the cycle life of the lead±acid battery is explained in terms of the effect of antimony in the formation of lead sulfate upon discharge and also in the increase in ... reducing or eliminating the con- straints of optimal cycling. With these objectives in mind additives have been added to the active materials almost from the very star...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... allows to perfectly maintain the electrode integrity during the cycling test and prevent effectively the shedding phenomenon. The idea of the insertion of porous additives into the active mass ... reserved. Keywords: Lead–acid batteries; Micro-porous additives; Compressed electrodes 1. Introduction Since the appearance of the first battery in 1860 [1],we are trying to improve t...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... and shedding is observed only on the edges of the plates. A higher pressure (100 kPa) leads to the integrity of the electrodes being per- fectly maintained (Fig. 3c). Finally, for both compressed ... necessary. The idea of using porous additives in the active materials in order to improve the capacity of the compressed cells has been validated during this first experiments ca...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 21:20

... in this paper. In Network Troubleshooting Using TrueNet Test Methodologies, a discussion of the TrueNet testing methdolodies is presented, including a discussion of the real value of post-installation ... are already in its receive buffer. A window value, often called a window advertisement, is included in every segment header, including simple acknowledgements. In this mann...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 16:15

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... explained by the ready recharge of plates which contain these expanders; see Fig. 5. The behaviour of all the expanders is given in Fig. 6 in terms of the percentage variation in the utilization of ... greatest variation in NAM utilization. This ex- pander promotes an increase in the volume of active material which, in turn, increases the reactive area of the negative...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... detailed understanding of the effect of additives is essen- tial for obtaining the best performance from lead–acid batteries. In previous work, it was found that quinone structures in lignin derivatives, ... Y.S. Lin, C.W. Dence, Methods in Lignin Chemistry, Springer, Berlin, Ger- many, 1992, p. 222. Journal of Power Sources 158 (2006) 1106–1109 Density and hardness of ne...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... 14–16 in which potential- sweep methods have been employed to explain the influ- ence of different expanders on the discharge capacity of the negative plate. The scaling-up of results obtained ... active-material 1. Introduction The economics of lead–acid batteries have led to the search for a rapid and reliable method for the evaluation of the additives which are required...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 21:20

... specific energy can be increased 95% to an estimated 60–70 W hrkg. By increasing the specific energy of the baseline battery design the feasibility of using lead–acid batteries in elec- tric and hybrid ... write this paper. In this paper, we will investigate the use of paste additives in battery designs and determine how they can improve the performance of sealed, lead–ac...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... in Fig. 3 where the capacity was very stable up to 27 units (430 capacity turnovers) and the cycling was being continued and in testing with an earlier group of cells where the plate processing ... capable of providing a reasonable basis for comparison between grid designs. 3. Computer simulation of grid designs The first sequence of simulations was carried out to determine which c...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21