effect of noise in communication systems ppt

... of decoded information-bit errors, are eliminated. All remaining codes that do not have the minimum value of are eliminated. If more than one code remains, codes are eliminated on the basis of ... exact calculation of When the only term in the inner summation of (1-12) that is nonzero has the index provided that this index is an integer and Using this result, we find that for binary codes, where ... function of and is where and Let and be implicitly defined by and Since the Jacobian of the transformation is we find that the joint density of and is The density of the envelope is obtained by integration...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 06:20

... Voutilainen, A. 1997. Compar- ing a Linguistic and a Stochastic Tagger. In Pro- ceedings of joint E/A CL meeting. 1001 On the Evaluation and Comparison of Taggers: the Effect of Noise in Testing ... Proceedings of joint E/ACL meeting. Mooney, R.J. 1996. Comparative Experiments on Disambiguating Word Senses: An Illustration of the Role of Bias in Machine Learning. In Proceed- ings of EMNLP'96 ... thus _1 <_ u < min t, a Finally, the value of p has similar constraints to those of u. If the test and training corpora are independent, the probability of making the same error, given...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:21

... the intensities of the band of intact protein at the beginning of tryp- sinolysis and at the fixed time of trypsinolysis) against the time of incubation (Fig. 8D). The apparent rate constants of ... constant of trypsin- olysis was determined by plotting ln(A t ⁄ A o ) (where A o and A t denote the intensity of protein bands of intact unhydro- lized protein at the beginning and at the fixed time of ... Hsp16.9 [11], each containing a single a-crystallin domain, and the par- asitic flatworm Taenia saginata Tsp36, containing two a-crystallin domains in the single polypeptide chain [12]. Ten different...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... “Joint compensation of IQ imbalance and carrier frequency offset in OFDM systems, ” in Proceedings of the Radio and Wireless Conference, pp. 39–42, Boston, Mass, USA, August 2003. [9] F. Horlin, ... and H. Shafiee, “Frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems in presence of IQ imbalance,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Communications (ICC ’03), pp. 2071–2075, Anchorage, ... R. Fledderus, “Estimation and compensation of frequency selective trans- mitter/receiver IQ imbalance in MIMO OFDM systems, ” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Commu- nications...

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Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 20:44

... in this paper. In Network Troubleshooting Using TrueNet Test Methodologies, a discussion of the TrueNet testing methdolodies is presented, including a discussion of the real value of post-installation ... are already in its receive buffer. A window value, often called a window advertisement, is included in every segment header, including simple acknowledgements. In this manner, each of the two stations ... network interface cards check incoming data frames. Finally, well investigate the error detection technique usually used in software. Most protocols such as TCP, UDP and IP include such a value in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 16:15

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 12:15

... the entire length. Separating only at the beginning of the channel improves the ANEXT, but it does not improve AACR-F. Replace the existing Category 6 cabling with CopperTen cabling. At the TO When ... between socket mounting holes (that the socket clips into). General Consider doing several mitigation techniques together (e.g. removing fasteners, unbundling and applying Random Lay, plus changing patch ... cables into bundles. Do not fasten any cables onto the tray/mesh except for change of vertical direction >45° or to maintain a fixes separation from a hazardous service. At the consolidation point,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 22:15

... manufacturing systems, integrative biological systems, economic systems, ecological sys- tems, and process control systems. These systems are strongly intercon- nected and consist of interacting subsystems ... against full modeling uncertainty. Next, using the results of Chapter 5, in Chapter 7 we develop a sta- bility and control design framework for time-varying and time-invariant sets of nonlinear ... Specifically, in analyzing complex large- scale interconnected dynamical systems it is often desirable to treat the overall system as a collection of interacting subsystems. The behavior and properties of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 16:20

... The water quality of lakes in Hanoi has been declining. In that, eutrophycation is the most popular. One of the effective tools for its accessing and predicting is the use of mathematical models. ... species of zooplankton, 11 species of benthos and about 33 species of fish. According to Vietnam standard of water quality, the important parameters of water quality of West Lake, including: ... The results of simulation show that: eutrophication of West Lake is controllable if a sufficient amount of fish (< 5g/l) is maintained in the lake. To maintain a sufficient amount of fish,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 12:20

... The Burden of Cancer in American Adults 36 Having a history of cancer does not necessarily result in current avoidance of smoking, however. The overall prevalence of current smoking is similar ... Burden of Cancer in American Adults 20 The Burden of Cancer in American Adults 18 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 The Burden of Cancer in American Adults 30 The Burden of Cancer in American ... Burden of Cancer in American Adults 9 Mortality and survival Cancer mortality is a function of both the incidence and survivability of cancer. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... effects, including additional losses in motors and generating units, oscillating torque in AC machines, increased ripple in rectifiers, malfunction of several types of equipment, saturation of ... of continuous variation of their reactive power. The foregoing analysis has taken no account of the effect of supply voltage variations on the effectiveness of the compensator in maintaining an ... functions of the PSS, while providing fast-acting voltage support at the generating substation. In practice, owing to the effectiveness of the PSS and its relative low cost, this has not happened. Instead,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 20:20