Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 15 potx

... signal formats, 24 0-2 42 DC balance and, 241 non-return-to-zero (NRZ), 24 0-2 42 return-to-zero (RZ), 24 0-2 42 See also on-off keying (OOK) modulation signaling interface, 503 signal-spontaneous ... user-to-network interface (UNI), 382, 385, 523 valence band, 161 variable optical attenuator (VOA), 213 Vernier effect, 231 vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking Series Editor, David Clark, MIT Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2e Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan Telecommunications Law in the ... Technology and Applications Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter High-Performance Communication Networks, 2e Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 2e Larry...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... 12 1.3 .2 Second-Generation Optical Networks 14 1.4 The Optical Layer 16 1.5 Transparency and All -Optical Networks 24 1.6 Optical Packet Switching 26 1.7 Transmission Basics 28 1.7.1 Wavelengths, ... 2 Propagation of Signals in Optical Fiber 49 2. 1 Light Propagation in Optical Fiber 50 2. 1.1 Geometrical Optics Approach 50 2. 1 .2 Wave Theory Approach 55 2. 2 Lo...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... Functions of ATM 38 2 6.2.2 Adaptation Layers 38 5 6.2 .3 Quality of Service 38 6 6.2.4 Flow Control 38 7 6.2.5 Signaling and Routing 38 7 6 .3 IP 38 8 6 .3. 1 Routing and Forwarding 39 0 6 .3. 2 Quality ... Service 39 2 6 .3. 3 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 39 2 6 .3. 4 Whither ATM? 39 4 6.4 Storage-Area Networks 39 5 6.4.1 ESCON 39 6 6.4.2 Fibre Channel 39...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... (virtual circuits) and is capable of providing a variety of quality-of-service guarantees. Packets in ATM are called cells and are of fixed length (53 bytes). ATM is being used by many carriers ... layer. A virtual circuit (VC) represents an end-to-end connection with a certain set of quality-of-service parameters associated with it, such as bandwidth and error rate. Data transmit...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... may accept data at any bit rate and any protocol format within these limits. It may also be able to carry analog data. Transparency in the network provides several advantages. An operator can ... islands of all -optical subnetworks with optical- to-electrical-to -optical conversion at their boundaries for the purposes of adaptation, regeneration, or wavelength conversion. 1 .6 Optic...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... optical packet-switched networks and local-area optical networks continues today. Meanwhile, wavelength-routing networks became a major focus area for several researchers in the early 1990s as ... has focused on (1) transmitting terabits-per-second aggregate traffic across transoceanic distances with individual channel data rates at 10 or 20 Gb/s [Cai01, Bak01, VPM01], or 40 Gb/s chan...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... multiple optical signals are generated by repeated traversals of a single cavity; such devices are called etalons. An electromagnetic wave (light) of angular frequency co propagating, say, in ... and Filters 11~ Figure 3.5 A polarization-independent isolator. The isolator is constructed along the same lines as a polarization-dependent isolator but uses spatial walk-off polarizer...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... situation. Also the passband of narrow band MZIs is not flat. In contrast, the dielectric multicavity thin-film filters can have flat passbands and good stop bands. MZIs are useful as two-input, ... cavities leads to a flatter passband and a sharper transition from the passband to the stop band. 3.3 Multiplexers and Filters 137 a result, the crosstalk performance is far from the i...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... of the APD by 7~APD, and the average avalanche multiplication gain by Gm, the average photocurrent is given by [ - 7~APDP Gm~P, and the shot noise current at the APD output has variance 2 ... Such a diagram is called an eye diagram because of its resemblance to the shape of the human eye. An eye diagram can be easily generated experimentally using an oscilloscope to display th...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... and add OC-12 or OC-3 streams from/to an OC-48 stream. Similarly, an OC-3 ADM can drop/add DS3 streams from/to an OC-3 stream. ADMs are now widely used in the SONET infrastructure. ADMs can ... first STS-1 in a frame) are used to carry a line data communication channel for maintenance purposes such as alarms, monitoring, and control. Path Overhead STS Path trace (J1). Just as in th...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... Consider a ring network with two intermediate adjacent nodes A and B, each with an OADM. (a) Consider the case where the OADM at node A adds wavelength )~1 and the OADM at node B drops the adjacent ... Schesser. Africa ONE: The Africa optical network. IEEE Communications Magazine, 34(2):5 0-5 7, Feb. 1996. [OWS96] S. Okamoto, A. Watanabe, and K I. Sato. Optical path cros...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... limitations: 9 Not all failures can be handled by the optical layer. If a laser in an attached client terminal fails, the optical layer cannot do anything about it. Thus, client equipment failures need ... the optical multiplex section layer. Table 10.4 summarizes schemes operating in the optical channel layer. These schemes have not yet been standardized, and there are many v...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... Optical- to-electrical-to -optical Optical Fiber Communications Conference Optical Internetworking Forum Optical line terminal Optical multiplex section Optical network unit On-off keying Optical ... Acronyms Acronym Expansion 1R 2R 3R AAL ACTS ADM AGC AIS ANSI AOTF APD APS AR ASE ATM ATMOS AWG BCH BDI BER BLSR Regeneration without reshaping or retiming...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20

... equivalent to a quarter or a half wavelength at )~0. (A quarter-wavelength slab of the dielectric with refractive index nL would have a thickness ~.0/4nL.) Since these thicknesses at optical wavelengths ... filter. A particularly useful filter structure consists of a few cavities separated by several quarter-wavelength films. If H and L denote quarter-wavelength films (at ~.0...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20