Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies

... file:///e|/download/www.netlibrary.com/nlreader/nlreader.dll@bookid=97284&filename=page_79.html3DJHXQDFWXDOL]HGPHDQLQJSRWHQWLDOVHH.ROOHU3\P±6XFKGHEDWHVKDGFHQWUHGRQLQFRPSDWLELOLWLHVEHWZHHQWKHZRUOGVLQKDELWHGE\VSHDNHUVRIGLIIHUHQWODQJXDJHVDQGRQWKHVWUXFWXUDOGLVVLPLODULWLHVEHWZHHQODQJXDJHV2QFHDWWHQWLRQZDVIRFXVHGRQWH[WVDQGXWWHUDQFHVPDQ\RIWKHSRWHQWLDOPXOWLSOHPHDQLQJVDQGIXQFWLRQVRIZRUGVDQGVWUXFWXUHVLQDODQJXDJHV\VWHPFRXOGEHHOLPLQDWHGE\UHIHUHQFHWRWKHLUFRWH[WDQGFRQWH[WPDNLQJWUDQVODWLRQQRWRQO\PRUHWUDFWDEOHEXWDOVRPRUHUHDOLVWLF(TXLYDOHQFHDVDQHPSLULFDODQGDWKHRUHWLFDOFRQFHSW7KHQDUURZLQJGRZQRIWKHVFRSHRIWKHWHUPHTXLYDOHQFHWRDQLQWHUWH[WXDOUHODWLRQVWLOOOHIWSOHQW\RIURRPIRUFRPSHWLQJQRWLRQVRIWKHFRQFHSW7RXU\DLGHQWLILHGWZRPDLQXVHVRIWKHWHUPILUVWHTXLYDOHQFHFRXOGEHµDGHVFULSWLYHWHUPGHQRWLQJFRQFUHWHREMHFWV²DFWXDOUHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQDFWXDOXWWHUDQFHVLQWZRODQJXDJHVDQGOLWHUDWXUHVUHFRJQLVHGDV77VDQG67V²ZKLFKDUHVXEMHFWWRGLUHFWREVHUYDWLRQ¶7KLVGHILQLWLRQUHJDUGHGHTXLYDOHQFHDVDQHPSLULFDOFDWHJRU\ZKLFKFRXOGEHHVWDEOLVKHGRQO\DIWHUWKHHYHQWRIWUDQVODWLRQ7RXU\FRQWUDVWHGWKLVDSSURDFKZLWKHTXLYDOHQFHDVµDWKHRUHWLFDOWHUPGHQRWLQJDQDEVWUDFWLGHDOUHODWLRQVKLSRUFDWHJRU\RIUHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQ77VDQG67VWUDQVODWLRQVDQGWKHLUVRXUFHV¶LELG7KLVGLFKRWRP\FDQEHSUREOHPDWLFKRZHYHU)RURQHLWPD\QRWEHSV\FKRORJLFDOO\SODXVLEOH)URPWKHWUDQVODWRU¶VSRLQWRIYLHZLWLVQRWFOHDUZKHWKHUDUHDOGLVWLQFWLRQFDQEHPDGHEHWZHHQZKDWRQHLQWHQGVWRZULWHDQGZKDWRQHDFWXDOO\ZULWHV)XUWKHUPRUHHTXLYDOHQFHDVDWKHRUHWLFDOWHUPDSURVSHFWLYHDQGRIWHQSUHVFULSWLYHQRWLRQLVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDFTXLULQJDEDGQDPHIRUHTXLYDOHQFHLQVRPHTXDUWHUVLQWUDQVODWLRQVWXGLHV*HQW]OHUIRUH[DPSOHFRQWHQGVWKDWVWDQGDUGVRIWUDQVODWLRQDQDO\VLVWKDWUHO\RQHTXLYDOHQFHRUQRQHTXLYDOHQFHDQGRWKHUDVVRFLDWHGMXGJPHQWDOFULWHULDµLPSO\QRWLRQVRIVXEVWDQWLDOLVPWKDWOLPLWRWKHUSRVVLELOLWLHVRIWUDQVODWLRQSUDFWLFHPDUJLQDOL]HXQRUWKRGR[WUDQVODWLRQDQGLPSLQJHXSRQUHDOLQWHUFXOWXUDOH[FKDQJH¶1HZPDQRQWKHRWKHUKDQGGHVFULEHVWUDQVODWLRQHTXLYDOHQFHDVµDFRPPRQVHQVHWHUPIRUGHVFULELQJWKHLGHDOUHODWLRQVKLSWKDWDUHDGHUZRXOGH[SHFWWRH[LVWEHWZHHQDQRULJLQDODQGLWVWUDQVODWLRQ¶1HZPDQ¶VHTXLYDOHQFHLVFOHDUO\SURVSHFWLYHDQGLGHDODOWKRXJKHPSLULFDODSSURDFKHVDOVRIHDWXUHLQWKHDQDO\VLV3\PDOVRVSHDNVDERXWHTXLYDOHQFHDVDµIDFWRIUHFHSWLRQ¶DDQGDERXWWKHVRFLDOO\GHWHUPLQHGµH[SHFWDWLRQ¶WKDW77VVKRXOGVWDQGLQVRPHNLQGRIHTXLYDOHQFHUHODWLRQWRWKHLU67V7RXU\¶VHPSLULFDOFDWHJRU\RIHTXLYDOHQFHKDVPXFKLQFRPPRQZLWK&DWIRUG¶VWH[WXDOHTXLYDOHQFH$WH[WXDOHTXLYDOHQWLVGHILQHGDVµDQ\7/IRUPZKLFKLVREVHUYHGWREHWKHHTXLYDOHQWRIDJLYHQ6/IRUPWH[WRUSRUWLRQRIWH[W¶(TXLYDOHQWIRUPVFDQEHPDWFKHGE\DSSHDOLQJWRWKHLQWXLWLRQRIELOLQJXDOLQIRUPDQWVRUE\DSSO\LQJPRUHIRUPDOSURFHGXUHVVXFKDVFRPPXWDWLRQ&DWIRUG±DPHWKRGRIGLVFRYHULQJWH[WXDOHTXLYDOHQWVZKLFKFRQVLVWVRIDVNLQJDFRPSHWHQWELOLQJXDOLQIRUPDQWWRWUDQVODWHVWUHWFKHVRIWH[WDQGWKHQV\VWHPDWLFDOO\LQWURGXFLQJFKDQJHVLQWRWKH6/WH[WWRHVWDEOLVKKRZHDFKFKDQJHLVUHIOHFWHGLQWKHWUDQVODWLRQ7H[WXDOHTXLYDOHQFHLVDFFRUGLQJWR&DWIRUGDQHPSLULFDOSUREDELOLVWLFSKHQRPHQRQ7KHSUREDELOLW\WKDWDJLYHQ67IRUPZLOOEHWUDQVODWHGDVDJLYHQ77IRUPFDQEHFDOFXODWHGRQWKHEDVLVRISUHYLRXVH[SHULHQFHDQGUHFDVWDVDSUREDELOLVWLFWUDQVODWLRQUXOH&DWIRUG6QHOO+RUQE\ILQGVWKHVDPHZHDNQHVVZLWKWKLVYLHZRIHTXLYDOHQFHDVGRHV3\PDLWLVFLUFXODUWUDQVODWLRQHTXLYDOHQFHLVZKDWLVREVHUYHGWREHHTXLYDOHQW%XWZKLOH&DWIRUG¶VYLHZRIWH[WXDOHTXLYDOHQFHPD\VD\YHU\OLWWOHDERXWWKHQDWXUHRIHTXLYDOHQFHWKHDSSURDFKKDVIRXQGDSSOLFDWLRQLQDUHDVVXFKDVH[DPSOHDQGVWDWLVWLFVEDVHGPDFKLQHWUDQVODWLRQVHH+XWFKLQVDQG6RPHUV±DQGPRUHUHFHQWO\LQWUDQVODWLRQPHPRU\V\VWHPVZKHUHSUHYLRXVO\WUDQVODWHG67VDQGWKHLU77VDUHVWRUHGZLWKDYLHZWRUHF\FOLQJROGWUDQVODWLRQVVKRXOGWKHV\VWHPUHFRJQL]HQHZLQSXWIRUZKLFKLWDOUHDG\KDVDQµHTXLYDOHQW¶WDUJHWUHQGHULQJVHH0$&+,1($,'('75$16/$7,210$&+,1(75$16/$7,21$33/,&$7,2160$&+,1(75$16/$7,210(7+2'2/2*<(TXLYDOHQFHDVDQHPSLULFDOSKHQRPHQRQKDVVHHQSHUKDSVLWVPRVWSRZHUIXOPDQLIHVWDWLRQWRfile:///e|/download/www.netlibrary.com/nlreader/nlreader.dll@bookid=97284&filename=page_79.html11/3/2007...

... type of pollutants. Effective accumu- lators of pollutants are mollusks, often applied as bioin- dicators of water pollution with heavy metals [55,56]. The properties of some populations of ... determination of theforms, properties of semipermeable membranes, physio- air concentration of SO (Figure 4) based on the Hawk-logical condition of the organism, physical characteristics of the environment, ... most often in analyses of atmospheric depositions, soil quality and wa- ter purity. Responses of trees and shrubs to the presence of pollutants are also observed. The assimilatory organs of...

... statisticallysignificant.DiscussionThe results of this pooled analysis of two phase III studies indicated that initial use of doripenem in patients withVAP was associated with shorter durations of mechanicalventilation ... aeruginosa at baselinereported in other studies [4-6] because of activity againstkey pathogens. Consideration of the influence of appro-priateness of empiric therapy against subsequently identi-fied ... AF: Review of studies of the impact on Gram-negative bacterial resistance on outcomes in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2009, 37:1463-1469.10. Alvarez-Lerma F: Modification of empiric...

... evaluate the cost of financing the project, net of issuing or flotation costs.103. Flow of Funds AccountsA system of social accounts prepared quarterly by theBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve ... method.67. FirmA firm is a collection of assets, and the value of thoseassets depends upon the size, timing, and risk of theircash flows. Of all the possible goals of a firm, onlyshareholder wealth ... the terms of tradeset in advance of delivery.124. Forward Exchange RateThe forward price of one unit of a foreign currency.Forward exchange rates can be used to control the risk of fluctuating...

... SEQUENCE OF type is always con-structed. (A primitive object consists of a single element of a particular type of information, such as a number or logical value; a constructed type is made up of ... side of the hall or on either side of an of ce floor. Usually, these types of bridges are added to break a large, busy network into two smaller networks. This reduces net-work traffic on each of ... off) and those where the user can control which elements are received. Examples of the former include TV programming and electronic newspapers; examples of the latter include retrieval of...

... incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of or inability to use the software even if advised of the possibility of such damage. The exclusion of implied warranties is not permitted ... of the intellectual property rights of third parties which would result from such use.The first edition of this book was published under the title Novell’s ® Complete Encyclopedia of ... permission of the publisher.Library of Congress Card Number: 95-72476ISBN: 0-7821-1829-1Manufactured in the United States of America10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1THENETWORKPRESSENCYCLOPEDIA OF NETWORKINGWERNERFEIBELNOWIMPROVED—THEMOSTCOMPREHENSIVECOMPENDIUM...

... part of any zone. A zone can cross network boundaries; that is, a zone can consist of parts of two or more different networks or include multiple networks.Phase 2, an updated version of AppleTalk, ... expect a lot of growth, use a smaller num-ber. For example, assigning two network numbers for a 100-node network leaves room for 406 additional nodes.When a network is part of an internet-work, ... characteristic of a particular virus.Some anti-virus programs are TSR (terminate-and-stay-resident) programs, which monitor computer activity constantly, looking for indications of a virus....

... Leslie Leong of Central Connecticut StateUniversity (USA), Prof. Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann of University of Geneva (Switzerland), Prof. LorenzoPeccati of Bocconi University (Italy), Prof. Nobuyoshi ... Nobuyoshi Terashima of Waseda University (Japan), Prof.Steven John Simon of Mercer University (USA), Prof. Andrew Targowski of Western Michigan University(USA), Prof. Enrico Valdani of Bocconi University ... in advanced economies.ORGANIZATION OF THIS ENCYCLOPEDIA The goal of the Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking is to improve our understanding of multimedia and digital technologies...

... Leslie Leong of Central Connecticut StateUniversity (USA), Prof. Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann of University of Geneva (Switzerland), Prof. LorenzoPeccati of Bocconi University (Italy), Prof. Nobuyoshi ... Nobuyoshi Terashima of Waseda University (Japan), Prof.Steven John Simon of Mercer University (USA), Prof. Andrew Targowski of Western Michigan University(USA), Prof. Enrico Valdani of Bocconi University ... in advanced economies.ORGANIZATION OF THIS ENCYCLOPEDIA The goal of the Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking is to improve our understanding of multimedia and digital technologies...

... importation of Biomedicine means the investment of huge sums of money in the construction of large hospitals (the factories of health care), the training of staff, and the incorporation of expensive ... McKenna, Professor of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IndianaF. John Meaney, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, ArizonaRobert J. Meier, Chancellor’s Professor ... without a trace of scientific basis, often tothe detriment of the patient. The mercury and bloodlet-ting of earlier times nowadays are replaced by massiveover-prescription of drugs (one of the leading...