phucrng tien giang day la tieng Trung Qudc (tieng Trung Quan thoai) nhung dan dan theo thdi gian, ti le hgc sinh, sinh vien thucK tat ca cac tang Icrp .xa hgi deu theo hoc cr nhtrne tririrnii sir dumz tiemz Anh lam phucrng tien eians daN nea\ cans t ^ g len va hien nay hiiu nhu toan be) nen giao due cua qudc dao Singapore deu su dunii tienu Anh lam phucmg tien giang day, tieng Trung Qudc, tieng Malay va
tieng Tamil, mac dii dugc cong nhan la nhung ngon ngir chinh thirc, trong thuc te chi la nhirng ngon ngir thir hai.
Tir nam 1954 den 1956 mot Uy ban gom tat ca cac dang phai (All-Party Committee) dugc thanh lap de nghien cOru tai sao giao due thdng qua phuong tien tieng Trung Qudc lai suy giam. Do tac dgng ciia nhirng ket qua nghien cim ciia Uy ban gom tat ca cac dang phai, nhiing chinh sach ngon ngir dudi day dugc xay dung d Sungapore:
Tieng Anh, tieng Trung quan thoai, tieng Malay va tieng Tamil dugc cong nhan la bdn ngon ngir chinh thirc ciing ton tai cr Singapore. Chinh sach nay dugc xay dung de bao dam rang ngon ngu ciia cac dan tpc Icrn d Singapore dugc doi xir binh dang vdi nhau. dc tranh phan biet chung toe:
rieng Malay cung dugc cong nhan la qucK ngir de Singapore dong nhat vcn nhirng ngucri lang gieng Malaysia to Icrn trong khu vuc. Tuy nhien, vai tro cua tieng Malay cd xu hucrng mang tinh nghi thuc nhu dugc thay trong viec su dung qudc ca va trong quan lenh ciia cac luc lugng vii trang;
Tir nam 1960 trir di, vice hc)c mc)t ngon ngu thir hai trd nen bat buoc d cap tieu hyc de dam bao rang hoc sinh co the giao tiep ducrc it nhat hang hai ngon ngii, va tir do bat dau chinh sach song ngir trong giao due.
Mac dii chinh sach chinh thirc ddi xu bdn niidn nizir binh dane vdi nhau, nhune vai trd \a \i the cua tieng Anh d Singapore cang ngay cang chiem uu the. Tieng Anh dugc \cm la phuong tien de Singapore hien dai hda, va lii mot cong cu de giao tiep giira cac dim tc>c, bcri \i no trung lap \ e mat sac tgc. Lap luan cho viec giac^ cho tieng Anh liim quan irgng diic biet cung cd nguon gcK tir dgng lire thuc dung - tieng Anh la mc)t ngdn ngu qudc te va quan trgng hem, la ngdn ngir ciia khoi thinh \ uong chunii. \'a la ngdn ngir cua khoa hgc \'a edng nghe hit^n dai.
Tu nhirng nam 1^80, Singpapore thuc thi mc)t he thdng giao due mdi vdi viec phan loai hcK sinh ducre thuc hien tir Icrp 3. Trong he thdng giao due nay, tat ca
hgc sinh tieu hgc deu phai du ki thi phan loai trinh do vao cudi Idp ba. Theo dd, hgc sinh dugc phan thanh:
- Khoa hoc song ngir binh thuong: 3 nam tiep theo de kit thiic giao due tieu hoc;
- Khoa hoc md rgng: hgc them 4 nam dk hoan thanh giao due tilu hoc;
- Khda hoc dan ngir: hoc them 5 nam dk hoan thanh giao due tilu hgc va mien
khdng phai thi ngdn ngir thir hai.
7 ^
O lap sau, hgc sinh mgt lan nira dugc phan loai theo trinh do dua tren nhirng ket qua cac em dat dugc d ki thi tdt nghiep tieu hgc. Ba trinh do d trung hgc la:
Dac biet: cho 10% hgc sinh dat diem xuat sac d tieu hoc;
Kha: cho nhimg hgc sinh loai tren trung binh (khoang 70%), nhirng ngudi se hoc ca ngdn ngir thir nhat va ngdn ngir thir hai:
Binh thucmg: cho 20% hgc sinh yeu. Nhirng hoc sinh nay hoc hai ngon ngir nhung d mire co ban hon nhirng hoc sinh ed hgc lire kha. Cac em cung ducrc cho them mot nam de hoan thanh giao due trung hoc.
Theo Ling & Brown (2005), nam 1983 sd lugng hgc sinh ghi danh vao hc)c cac trudng phe") thdng day bang tieng Anh chiem 99*^ o. Vi the cua tieng Anh ducrc nang cao hon nira vao nam 1985, khi tat ca nhung hgc sinh trung hgc nao muon vao hgc d Dai hc)c Qudc gia Singapore (NUS) deu phai thi dd ngdn ngir thir hai va ti^ng Anh (Hang C6: 50% hoac cao han). Dieu nay cd nghTa la nhQ-ng sinh \ien mudn vao hgc dai hoc trong nude deu phai chirng minh dugc kha nang ve tieng Anh va ve mot ngdn ngir thir hai. D^n nam 1987, tieng Anh trd thanh phucmg tien giang day trong t^t ca ciic trucmg hgc. Day la mdc quan trgng danh dau uu the tuyet dc'ji ciia tidng Anh d quck dao Singapore. Su ndi bat ngay cang tang ciia tieng Anh d Singapore ducrc th^ hien bang nhirng con sd thdng ke sau day: nam 1980, tiCmg Anh la ngdn ngir chicMn uu the dircrc ndi d nha chi chiem khoang I l.6^o dan s6, nhung dCm nam 1990, sc^ lucmg ngudi sir dung tiep Anh de giao tiep o nha len den 20.8% (Singapore Ceneus otl\)pulation 1990).
Tieng Anh d Singapore cd mot pham vi sir dung lan hem d b i t ki viing lanh thd
va qudc gia nao d hai khu vuc Ddng A va Ddng Nam A nao. Tay (1979) va Bloom (1986) da chi ra tam khu vuc trong dd tieng Anh dugc sir dung d Singapore:
1. Ngon ngir chinh thuc: Tir nam 1965 khi Singapore danh dugc doc lap, Chinh phu Singapore da quyet dinh cong nhan tieng Anh, tieng Trung quan thoai, tieng Malay, va tieng Tamil la bdn ngdn ngir chinh thirc d Singapore.
2. Ngon ngir giao due: Tir nam 1987, tat ca cac trudng hoc d Singapore deu sir dung tieng Anh lam phucmg tien giang day. Ket qua ciia chinh sach ngdn ngir nay la, tieng Anh trd thanh ngon ngir ihir nhat, nhung khai niem ngdn ngir thir nhat d day khong chi trat tu thu dac ma chi ngdn ngir dugc diing nhu la phucmg tien giang day trong nha trucmg. Tucmg tu, ngdn ngir thir hai cung khdng chi trat tu thu dac ma chi ngdn ngir dugc day nhu la mot mon hgc trong nha trucmg. khdng dugc diing lam phmrng tien giang day.
3. Ngon ngir lam viec: Tieng Anh dugc diing trong cong viec dieu hanh dat nude hang ngay, nghla la, trong luat phap, hanh chinh, va trong cac khu vuc cong va thucmg mai.
4. INgon ngir chung: Tieng Anh ducrc diing de thdng nhat cac chiing tgc ciing ton tai
c> Singapore ho\ vi no dugc dung lam cong cu giao tiep trong cpng ddng va giira
cac cc)ng ddng sac toe vcri nhau.
5. Ngon ngir dc the hien ban sac dim toe Bdi vi khdng mot chung tc)c nao co the khiuig dinh tieng Anh la ngdn ngir rieng eiia minh, cho nen tieng Anh co the ducrc
xem nhu la phmrng tien de the hien ban sic dan t()C ciia cac chiing tc)c dang chung song o Singapore.
6. Ngon ngO* quoc te: Tieng Anh cung la phmmg tien qua dd Singapore tham gia vao vice giai quyet nhirng van de qudc te. Tuy nhien, de hoan thanh vai trd nay, ngudi Singapore can phai ndi mc)t kieu bien the tieng Anh khdng nhinig ho co the hieu dugc ma cu toa qudc le ciing cd the hieu dugc.
7. Ngon ngir tin ngirirng: Tieng .Anh nga> cang dugc diing trong nha chiia va nha (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
{ho o Singapore
8. Ngon ngu- diing o' nha: I ieng Anh dugc diing o nha cung cang ngay cang nhieu
o Singapi>re Theo Thdng ke dan sd nam 2000, sd ngucn Hoa d Singapore ndi
tieng Anh o nha vao nam 1990 chiem 19,3%, den nam 2000 tang len khoang 23.9%; sd ngucri Malay ndi tieng .Anh o nha chiem khoang 6,1% vao nam 1990, den nam 2000 tang len 7,9%; va sd ngucri An Do ndi tieng Anh d nha chiem 32,3% vao nam 1990, d^n nam 2000 tang len 35,6%.
Tdm lai. do dac thii \ a ho\ a Singapore, tieng Anh da trir thanh ngdn ngir thir
nhiii. 1 u\ nhien, khimg phai cr day ngudi Singapore khdng cd nhirng khd khan
trong \ i c c diiN tri \ a phiit [vien tieng Anh. Bien the tieng Anh nao dugc Itia chgn