L NHUMG DOIM 6I TRONG CHINH SACH QUAN V D.AT NONG NGHlfiP VA CHUYEN DOI CO CAU CAY TRONG.
O cay luang thuc • cay hoa qua
3.3 Thai do va hanh vi cua cac ho nong dan ve trong cay an qua
3.3.1 Ly do cdc hg nong đn lua chgn trdng cdy hoa quạ
Dudi gde do ly thuyet ve nhu cau hanh vi cu MarLow vdi luan diem COI nhu cau chinh la yeu td thuc day hanh vi con ngudi la co sd de cac nha nghien cuu xa hdi hgc tap trung nghien cuu thai do, hanh vi cua cac chị thé tham gia trong qua trinh san xuat. TTiai do va hanh vi ciia cac hd nong dan ve trdng cay an qua dugc bieu hien qua each chon lua trong qua trinh san xuat dudi tac đng cua nen kinh le thi irudng. Ly do cac hd ndng dan lua chgn trdng cay an qua xuai phat tir cac nhu cau (1) Nhu cau sinh ly (2) Nhu cau ve an loan (3) Nhu cau ve lien kei va thira nhan xa hdi (4) Nhu cau sir ton trgng (5) Nhu cau ve tu hoan ihicn. Trong cac nhu cau thi nhu cau smh ly la loai nhu cau co ban lien quan den viec duy tri cude sdng cua con ngudị De dat dugc nhu ciiu can cd nhirng hanh đng eu thẹ
Xet vao trudng hgp cu the vdi ly do cac hd ndng dan lua chon trdng cay hoa qua phii hgp vdi nhu ciiu vii dieu kien cua cac hd ndng dan. Cac hd ndng dan siin xuai dua tren cac lieu chi nao:
Biing 5: Ly do eae hd ndng dan lira chgn trdng cay hoa quạ
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ly do De trong Phu hop dat
Khong mat nhieu thcri gian
Dugc pho bien tuyen truyenQua cac
phuang tien thong tin dai chiing. Thu nhap cao
De ban
Hap sa thich
Tan dung súc lao dong cua ca gia dinh |
Tan so 153 120 46 53 117 147 I 11 1 51 ! Tan suat 100.0 78.4 30.0 34.6 1 76.4 i 96,0 7.2 33,3
Dua vao sd lieu khao sat tren ma chung tdi thu thap dugc qua khao sat 2 xa Quang Thuan va Ddn Phong chiing ta thay ly do cac hd ndng dan lira chon trdng cay an qua het sue don gian xuat phat tir nhu c^u thuc te ca nhan.
Cac hd ndng dan trdng cay an qua dieu dau lien đi vdi hg la dl trdng. (100%), viec de trdng, khdng can ky thual cao ma cay vin cd the sdng dugc, nd phu hgp vdi trinh do thuc teciia dia phuang mien niiị
ThiJ hai: Ly do trdng cay hoa qua, cac hd ndng dan nhan ihay đ la rat de ban vdi 96%, cac hd ndng dan cho rang "hoa qua d day cii dem ra chg la ban dugc du diit hoac re thi cung khdng may khi chung idi phii mang ve".
Thu ba: Cac hd ndng dan lira chgn trdng cay hoa qua do dai dai mau md, khi hau phii hgp vdi cac gidng cay ma cac hd ndng dan hay trong. Mac du chua ap dung nhieu khoa hgc ky thual vao qua trinh chain soc nhung thuc te cho thay "lir nhieu đi naỵ khdng biei tu biio gid cii\ cam - quyt da cd mat d Biie Kan" (Nam 66 tudi - xa Quang Thuan) cd tdi 78.4 cac hd ndng dan dugc hdi cho rang la phii hgp vdi diii thue le chii chua cd mdt edng trinh nghien cuu nao phan lich gidng cay hoa quii nito phu hop vdi dai d đ. Ma chi la kinh nghiem truyen lir đi nay sang đi khac la eu trdng cay đ thi cd quiị
Thu" tu: Cac hg ndng dan lua chgn trdng cay hoa quii cho rang: Trong cay hoa quii mang lai thu nhap cao vdi 76.4% dong y y kien na\ "lir khi cd vudn cay hoa qua gia dinh tdi cd dieu kien cho con tdi hgc hanh hon. gia quyl bay gid cao hon giii ngd. giiọ Siin lugng quyt thi lai cao hon siin lugng lua, ngd (Nam 50 ludi - xa Quang TIman).
Mot dieu diing luu y la ngudn luc lao đng d ndng thon rai đi daọ Siifc lao đng d ndng thon chua dugc sir dung heị Ciic hd nong dan mien nui chua Uin dung dugc sue lao đng cua ca gia dinh. \ lec su dung nhan lire ciia gia dinh cho quii trinh siin xuiit cii\ hoa qua chua caọ ehi co 33,3% sd hg Uin dung ngudn nhan luc ciia cii gia dinh de san xuat. Con lai
con sd rat Idn chiem 2/3 sd lugng cac hd ndng dan dugc hdi khdng sir dung het liic nhan lire trong gia dinh. Viec trdng cay hoa qua chua dugc chii trgng chi mot sd thon nen trong gia dinh tham gia vdi phuang thuc san xuat nhd le, chua tan dung sue luc cua ca gia dinh de phai trien san xuat cay an qua tren quy md Idn nhu trang trai va san xuat cay an qud nhu la san xuat hang hoạ Phan đng cac hd ndng dan trdng cay an qua chi y thiic dugc rang "du an va d^ ban phuc vu nhu cau sinh hoat tdi thieu ciia gia dinh, Udc mudn lam giau bang san xual cay hoa qua mdi chi la con sd it di vdi con sd kha khiem tdn 7,2%. Cac hd ndng dan nay coi viec irdng cay hoa qua la mdt sd thich, coi đ nhu mdt nghe ma yeu thich. Sau day la nhirng y kien ciia mdt sd hd ndng dan giai thich ve van de trdng ca> an qua da trd thanh sd thich dc lam rd them ly do chgn irdng cay an qua ciia cac hd ndng dan mien nuị
"Luc dau, tdi cung khdng lich cue chain sdc Irdng cay hoa qua hmị Nhung qua nhieu vu gan bd vdi cay lir khau cham sdc, khau giu gin siin pham hoa quạ Nhieu nam thanh thdi quen va trd nen su yeu men caỵ Khi cd viec phiii di xa vai ngay tdi cung rat thay nhd, lo Idng, bdn chdn".
(Nam 32 luoi, xa Quang Thuiin).
"Cay cam, quyl nhu la miiu thil trong co the Idị mdi mdt cay sau benh chei tdi dau đn nhu miii di mdi ngudi biin" (Nam 46 ludi xa Ddn Phong).
"Mdt ngay tdi khdng ra vudn. khdng nhin ngfim \udn cay ciim giac cua tdi nhu la vdng di mdt bCra cam trong ngiiy chua duoc ím ' (Nam 48 tuc)i, xa Quang Tliuiin).
"Tluil lii khd ndi vi sao tdi thich trdng caỵ Cd le neu khdng ed \udn
cay trudc mat kia thi gia dinh tdi biei la\ gi dc sinh sdng". (Nu 40 ludị xa
Ddn Phong).
Nhu vay cd khdng it cac hd ndng dan lira chgn trdng cay hoa qua coi do nhu mdt sd thich. Nhung con sd nay kha khiem ton xet ve ty le vin chi la thiéu sọ Mac dị nhu vay nhung hien nay da sd cac hd ndng dan cd xu hudng van dua nhau trdng cay hoa qua va chi dirng lai d quy md nhd chua phat trien quy md Idn sanh vdi ngudn dat dai phong phụ
3.3.2 Quan diem vi thu nhap cdy dn qud so vdi cdy luang thuc
Qua trinh san xuat cay hoa qua cung nhu qua trinh san xuai cay luang thuc cac hg ndng dan thuc hien hai qua trinh nay deu hudng vao muc dich la cd mdi khoan thu nhap nhai dinh de duy tri cude sdng va lai san xuat xa hdị
Van de thu nhap dugc cac hd ndng dan nhin nhan mdt each khac nhau, dua tren cac mdi quan he xa hdi dugc tiio dung đi vdi mdi hd gia dinh.
Theo ly thuyet hai yeu td thuc diiy cua Heizbeg thi thu nhap chinh la yeu td thuge loai duy tri de kich thich eon ngudi lam vice tich cue vii cd hieu quii hon.
Quan diem ve thu nhap ciia cac hd ndng dan so vdi cay luong thue hi sir bieu hien thai do va hanh vi irdng cay hoa qua cua cac hg ndng dan. ihu nhap chinh la muc dich cua qua trinh siin xuaị
Qua trinh khiio sal thuc le d 2 xa Quang Thuiin \a Ddn Phong cho thay quan diem ve thu nhap cay an quii cao hon so vdi cay luong thuc la đng ca thuc diiy quy md siin xuat cay hoa qua ngay cang Idn hon.
Biing 6: Quan diem ve thu nhiip cay an quii so \di ea\ luong thuc
STT 1 1 2 3