TRONG QUA TRINH LICH Sl T6 NGHE AN
2.2.7. Su ddng gdp cua Nghe An trong qud trinh hinh thdnh
nhung gid tri truyen thdng ddn toe.
Nghe An la mot minh dat cua i d qude ngay lu thdi cac vua Himg dung nude. Nd tdn tai ddc lap, nhu'ng khdng phii la cd lap vdi cac cdng ddng khac. Nguge lai, nd tdn tai trong sir tuang tic vdi mdi trudng, vdi mot hoan einh nhat dinh. Do dd, nd khdng the khdng tham gia vao cac mdi quan he qua lai, hei sii'e da dang vdi cac dia phuong khac ndi rieng, vdi dan tgc ndi chung. Cac mdi quan be qua lai nay, eii trii rgng din, gap gd rdi "giao thoa" vdi cac mdi quan he khac. Kei qua la tao ra mot mang ludi cac mdi quan he qua lai mdi, trong dd ed sir hinh thanh nhiing gia tri truyen thdng dan tgc. Dung nhu V.l.Le
nin da lu'ng khai quit: "Cdi rieng chi tdn tai trong mdi quan he dita den cdi
chung" [49. 3811.
Trong hien thue, mot gia tri truyen thdng nao dd ciia dan tgc khdng phii bao gid* eung xuat hien ddng thdi ciing mot luc trong tat e i cac dia phuang, ma thudng niy sinh dudi dang cai dan nhat, cai ca biet, tiic la d mot dia phuong nao dd. Theo nam thing, cai dan nhat dd se phat trien ngay cang hoan thien trd thanh gia tri truyen thdng ciia c i dan tgc. Tuy nhien, khdng phii mgi dia phuong deu cd vai trd dd, ma nd chi xuat hien d nhiing noi "dia linh nhan kiet". Nghe An la viing dat da lam nen nhu'ng viee Idn lao nhu vay.
Trong thdi ky hinh thanh nha nude Van Lang, Au Lac, ngoai nbung trung tam van boa eiia edng ddng ngudi Viet cd d phia Bae nhu: viing Hy Cuong (Vlnh Phii), vimg Co Loa (Ha Ndi); cdn cd mot trung tam van hoa d phia Nam la viing Dien Chau, Nam Dan, Huong Khe (Nghe An, Ha Tinh).
Dieu dd cho thay rang Nghe An gin bd vdi nha nude eiia edng ddng ngudi Viet ngay tir budi ban diu.
Trong qud trinh lich sd, nidnh dat ndy la noi phdt nguyen cdc phong trao mang tinh cdeh mang vd con ngudi a day luon luon la nhiing con ngudi di tien phong, ddn ddu thoi dai. Trong sd nhOng bae danh nhan ed
cdng trong su nghiep canh tan dat nude thi ngudi xii Nghe (gdm nhung ngudi sinh ra, Idn len va nhiing ngudi que gdc xii Nghe) chiem phin da sd. Dinh Bg Linh sinh ra va Idn len d Hoan Chau- Nghe An (trong thdi gian bd la Dinh Cdng Trii* la thii sir Hoan Chau), md diu trieu dai nha Dinh trong lich sir dan tgc. Hd Quy Ly (the ky XV), Nguyen Hue- Quang Trung (the ky XVIII), nhiTing nha canh tan ndi tieng trong lich sir, deu la ngudi que gdc d Nghe An. Dae biet lii giua the ky XIX minh dat nay da xuat hien khuynh hudng duy tan, mudn dua nude nha phat trien theo eon dudng eiia cic nude phuong Tay. Nguyen Trudng To da nhin thay tinh tat yeu ciia sir giao luu giiia hai nen van minh, van minh phuong Ddng va van minh phuong Tay. Ong da khing dinh rang: su ddi mdi nude nha la mot xu hudng khdng the cudng lai dugc. Do vay, eon dudng eiiu nudc eung khdng the lap lai nhu eii, ma phii canh tan dat nude. Chi ed canh tan dat nude mdi bio ve dugc doe lap eiia dan tgc. Day eung la nai khdi xudng phong trao Duy Tan, Ddng Du, ma ten tudi gin lien vdi ngudi anh himg giai phdng dan t()c tieu bieu diu the ky XX- Phan Bdi Chau. Nhiing han che ciia Phan Bdi Chau da dugc Nguyen Ai Qude- Hd Chi Minh- Ngudi anh hiing giii phdng dan toe, danh nhan van boa the' gidi- ciing vdi cae ddng chi ciia Ngudi khic phuc trong dudng Idi each mang ciia minh, gianh ddc lap dan toe, thdng nhat dat nude va qua do len chii nghla xa hgi.
Qua trinh ehdng chgi vdi thien tai, dich boa da tao dung cho con ngirdi d day sdm biei dua vao nhau va lien kei vdi nhan dan e i nudc, tao nen su*e manh tong hgp, vugt qua mgi thir thach eiia cugc sdng, Ddi vdi hg, doan kei tiic la tdn tai va phat trien, chia re ddng nghla vdi chei ehdc, diet vong. Chinh
trong qui trinh dd ma tinh lang nghla xdm duge bdi dip, gin giu. Hg kich liet len an nhung hanh vi "An eiii trde (diu), day iidc (thuyen) van lang", " Chay nha hang xdm bang chan nhu vai".
Mdi nguyen nhan khdng kcm phin quan trgng trong viee hinh thanh linh than doan kei ciia cu dan Hdng lam la sU tdn tai dai dang ciia che' do rugng dat edng.
De thu phuc nhan tam cu dan d day, cac trieu dai da duy tri tdi da sd rugng dat edng. Den lugt nd, ehinh rugng dat cdng da gan bd nhiing ngudi ndng dan- vdn nhu "nhiing cii khoai tay" vdi edng ddng lang xa. De duy tri, bio ve sd rugng dat edng dd, nbii'ng ngirdi ndng dan Nghe An (tiic lang hd, lang trai) da phii ben bi. kien quyet chdng lai sir Ian chiem eii'dp doat ciia bgn tong ly, chiic sic, nha giau (tiic phe hao, lang bao). Lich sir ggi dd la cac cugc dau tranh hao- hgi. Nhung cugc dau tranh khdng phii la mot ca nhan rieng le, ma la mot tap the nhung ngu'di lao ddng, din din trd thanh thudng true, khdng ed mot the luc nao cd the khuat phuc, tao nen siie manh ling phd vdi mgi tinh hudng khan cap ma Td qude cin den.
Truyen thdng tdt dep do dNghe An dd Ian tod, dnh hudng vd tieh hap vdi mot sd dia phuang khdc , tao nen gid tri truyen thdng doan ket, eong ddng cua ddn toe ta,
Ciing nhu mgi mien que trong nude, ngirdi Nghe An ed truyen thdng sin xuat ndng nghiep lau ddi. Nhung khac vdi cic dia phuong, qua trinh sin xuat ciia nhan dan Nghe An lai dien ra trong mot dieu kien tu nhien cue ky khac nghict.
Khi ndng thi ndng nhu* thieu, nhu ddi:
"Sdm d tren trdi Chap eung a trim trdi
Cdn khi mua, niUa thdi dat, thdi cat:
"Trdi Idm mot trd mu'a gidng Treri lam hen trd mua gidng
Nude chdy bdng ddng, bdng hoi, bdng bdi, bdng sirng".
Han han, bao hit thay nhau hoanh hanh phi hoai miia mang, de doa cudc sdng ciia con ngudi. Noi day da xiy ra nhieu tran bao lut khiing khiep, nhu thing 1 1-1037, hit lam dd niii, niii Dun bi mit lam hai; thing 8-1 132, lut trdi toan bd nha d vimg thd du; thing 7-1421, bao lut lam sut niii Lam Thanh; gin day la nhung tran bao lut trong cac nam 1954, 1973, 1978 va eon bao sd 7 (ngay 18-12-1980) ehua tiing cd trong lich sir Nghe An hon 100 nam nay...
Trude mot thien nhien nghiet nga nhu vay, eu dan d day da khdng ngiing tic dgng, kham pha va eii tao thien nhien ma ddng thdi cdn cai tao ea chinh bin than minh; klidng chi tao nen dii'e tinh sieng nang cin cii, ma cdn diic tinh tiei kiem den miic tan tien.
Truyen thdng lao dgng cdn eii, tiet kiem quy bau ndy theo thdi gian lau tod, truyen tung trong khong gian ciing vdi mot sd dia phuong khdc trd thdnh mot gid tri truyen thdng cua ddn toe .
Nghe An khdng chi la "dat cay", cham lam, ma cdn la "dat hgc", cham hgc. "Trude day, khdng cd mot dia phuong nao nhu tinh Nghe An ludn coi trgng viee hgc hanh va thi cir" [22], nhu GS.Phan Dai Doan da tirng khang dinh. Trong nhan dan khdng chi nha kha gii ma nhu'ng nha ngheo ciing cd
ging lo cho con em an hgc. Ddi vdi hg, cugc sdng hang ngay "Mai khoai, trUa
khoai, tdi khoai: khoai ba bila" nhung khdng hiem nhirng lang hgc, ddng hg
hoe thanh dat ndi tieng khap ci nude: "Ong do, cha dd, con dd: dd cd nhd".
Tieu bieu la ba the he ndi tiep nhau ciia ddng hg Hd, dd la Hd Tdng Thdc, Hd
Tdng Dim. Hd Tdng rhanh deu dd trang nguyen. Xii* Nghe cdn noi tieng cd
Quynh Ddi (Quynh Luu). 6 cac phii huyen deu cd nha Van chi thd Diic Khdng Til. hang nam te le trgng the. Dia phuong nao cd nhieu nha khoa bing eung lap nha Van chi, dung bia cho lang que minh. Van chi ciia dia phuong nao do nhan dan eiia dia phuong dd gdp cdng, gdp cua xay dung.
Su quan tam diu tu dae biet cho hgc hanh va thi cir d Nghe An cdn dugc the hien qua nhung dieu quy dinh trong cac bin huong ude, khoan irde cua cac lang xa. Ddi vdi ngudi di hgc, ngoai viee Uu dai ve mat vat chat, nhu phan cho mot sd rugng hgc dien, trg cap phi ton di thi, duge rude sach, ban thudng lua lien (tu dat yeu cau thi sat hach Ird len), mien phu phen, tap dich; hg cdn duge coi trgng ve danh du nhu' dugc ggi la anh hgc, anh nho, anh khoa (neu da du thi), di viee lang dugc ngdi chieii tren... Rieng nhirng ngudi dd dat, duge bieu mot phin rugng cdng, dung nha mdi, dugc niirng va giiip dd khi an kbao dd, duge ggi ten bang ehinh ten lang minh, duge lang khac bia thd phung...
Nhu'ng viee lam tren day liie diu chi de cd vu ddng vien, khuyen khich viee hgc banh, thi cir; din din nd nhu la mot ea che, mot ddng luc thiic day tinh thin hgc tap gdp phin khdng nhd vao su thanh dat eiia cae the he hgc trd xii Nghe.
Mot dgng eo thiic day vice hgc hanh thi cir thanh dat eiia hg khdng the khdng nhic den la: "Duong thanh danh, hien phu miu", hg hgc hanh thanh dat khdng chi cho minh ma cdn la bdn phan dao hieu ddi vdi bd me.
Su hieu hgc ciia hg khong chi eo tieng trong viing, md cdn vang xa khdp cd nudc, gop phdn tao dung nen truyen thdng hieu hgc cua nhdn ddn ta.
Nhu vay, ed the ndi rang nhung gid tri truyen the'ing ddn tgc Viet Nam
khdng phai Id mot cdi gi eld cd sdn, dd hodn thien xong xudi, tdn tai a ddu do, rdi thdm nhap chuyen hod vdo trong ddi sdng ciia nhdn ddn Nghe An; md
chinh Nghe An Id mot trong nhiing chiec ndi tao dung, Idm nen cdc gid tri truyen thdng ddn tgc.
Cd Tdng bi Ihu Ding Cdng sin Viet Nam Le Duan da nhan manh vai lid cua Nghe An ddi vdi lich sir dan lde trong bai phat bieu ciia minh tai Dai hgi Tinh Ding bd khoa VI (1961): "Chiing la khdng lay lam ngae nhien d Nghe An da sinh trudng nhieu vi lanh tu vl dai eiia dan tgc. Cii dd khdng phii la tinh ed ma la lich sir tu nhien, lich sii' lau ddi, lich sir xay dung va kien thiei da hun diic tai Nghe An: nhan dan anh dung, cin cii lao ddng va ed nhiing nang luc phi thudng".
Nghe An khdng chi la noi gdp phin hinh thanh nhirng gia tri truyen thdng dan tgc, ma eung nhu mot sd dia phuang khac, nd cdn la nai bieu hien nhung gia tri truyen thdng ay.