D/ Tieng Viet \6\ sang tac van hoc, nghe thuat.
2/Tieng Viet trong thi ca.
Cung nhu khi ndi vd sir phat tridn cua van xudi, trudc sir ddi mdi ciia thi ca
Viet nam d the'ky XX, ta edn neu len nhiJng ly do ndi tai cua nd.
Trudc het nen th^y day la mot hien tuang mang tfnh khu vuc. d Trung qudc cung cd phong trao tha mdi, dung bach thoai thay van ngdn, pha bd hinh thuc triii budc cu, sang tao hinh thirc mdi ma ngudi khdi xudng la Hd Thfch.
ThiJ hai la nguyen nhan xa hdi. Budc sang the' ky XX cd sir chuyen ddng Idn vd kinh te; chfnh tri, xa hdi. Viet Nam, tirng budc di vao con dudng hien dai hoa. Tha ca VN ciing hien dai hoa . Sir ddi mdi didn ra d nhidu cdp dp: ddi mdi quan niem thdm my,ddi mdi vd each bidu hien cudc sdng, bidu hien tam hdn Ihdi dai.Vie't van trd thanh mdt nghd.
Lf do thiJ ba la van tha Viet Nam luc nay da cd phuang tien thuan lai dd phat
tridn. Diing chii' Ndm hay chO Qudc ngi? chi la di ghi tieng Viet, nhung dii sao thi chiJ Qudc ngi? vdn dd hoc han va da duac phd bien manh me, do y dd cua Phap
cung nhu do chu truang ciia ta, nhiJng si phu yeu nudc va nhii'ng ngudi lam each mang giai phdng dan tdc.
Chfnh vi nhung ly do dd ma tha mdi d Viet Nam ra ddi.
Nd sur dung tieng Viet thdng thudng cung nhu d Trung Qudc ngudi ta chii
truimg dung bach thoai. Nd pha bd moi le luat cu, chu trmrng iha tu do. Nd tim
each thd hien cai tdi, tiJc dien dat cho duac nhirng cam xiic chii quan. Chfnh vi vay
nd da sang tao moi hinh thu'c di didn dat cho duac nhiJng tinh cam chan that ciia ca
nhan.
Tan Da da md ddu va tiep theo la ca phong trao th(^ mdi vdi nhirng ten lu^li sang chdi nhu Xuan Dieu, Huy Can, The Lu",...
Da cd han mdt chuyen luan ve Tan Da va Xuan Dieu (day 186 Irang) duac vie't trong khudn khd nhdm dd tai nay.
Trong nhiJng the' ky trudc ta cung cd nhidu ang tha hay duac goi la qudc am, vie't bang chii' Ndm,sang the ky XX ta cd nhii'ng bai tha bang tieng Viet, viet bang
chi? Qudc ngiJ nhung that ra chung da khac han vd cha't. Ciing viet vd Chiia huanv,
lich, nhung bai cua Duang Khue va bai ciia Nguyen Nhuac Phap khac nhau xa, xet
ve mat ngdn tir. Cudi the ky trudc ngdn ngiJ ciia Ducmg Khue la: Ngudi thi vui so, lagi ngu, tidu
Ke thi thfch yen, ha, phong, nguyel.
Cdn sang the' ky 20 ngdn ngi? trong tha Nguydn Nhuac Phap la: Hom nay di chiia Huang
Hoa cd md hai suc^g...
Mot dang dac chi? Han, mdt dang la ngdn ngi? hang ngay, khdng mdt chfr Han.Va, ne'u xet rdng ra nhidu tac gia khac, nhidu bai tha khac thi cdn cd sir khac nhau vd didn tfch, khac nhau vd thd tha.
Nguydn Van Vinh dich tha ciia La Fontaine nam 1907 va nam 1914 cung khac nhau han. Cung bai Con ve sdu va con kien, bay nam vd trudc dng dich ra IIK^ luc bat:
Tren cay cd mdt con ve
Hat het miia he, miia lanh kiet xo Bdc phong cang thdi cang lo
Rudi, sau, bo het, an nhd vao dau
Nhung cung bai dd 7 nam vd sau, cmg khc)ng cdn theo ihd each ciia ldi iha cu,
khdng niem, khdng luat, khdng han chi?, han cau. Ve sdu keu ve ve
Suc)l mua he
Den ky gi(3 ba'c thdi Ngudn can that bdi rdi Mdt mie'ng cung chdng cdn Rudi bo khdng mdt con...
Tir luc bat den tu do, cau tha sang ro han, thudn Viet han, sinh ddng h(rn. Thi
tiJ la mot ma chi? nghia, cii phap, am dieu thanh thoat han, bidu cam h(m, quen thudc han.
Su pha vd khudn khd cu cua cau tha, doan tha, bai lha,Tan Da da thuc hien
lien tuc.
1914 Tan Da viet bai Hoa rung trong khc)i tinh con nhu sau: Dang d tren canh bdng chdc rai!
Nhi mdm canh lia Huang nhat mau phai
Sdng chua bao lau da het ddi
The'ma hoa lai su6ng han ngudi.
1921 dng vie't Cam thu, tidn thu cdn phdng khoang h(m: Tir vao thu den nay
Gid thu hiu hdt Suang thu lanh Trang thu bach
KhcM thu xay thanh
La thu rai rung ddu ghdnh
Sdng thu dua la bao nganh biet ly
1925 cung chfnh Tan Da viet Uong Gidc mdng con thu hai, thi lai: Non xanh xanh
Nudc xanh xanh
Nudc non nhu ve buc tranh tinh Non nudc tan tanh
Giot le tran nam canh
Den day tha Tan Da van phdng tiing, nhung dd phang phat chiit bang khuang ciia thdi sau.
So sanh nhi?ng lac pham d nhfrng mdc thdi gian nc)i liep nhau cho Ihay nhung
nay tha'y rd d viec sir dung ngdn tir tieng Viet cang ngay cane tu nhien, Sat vcti ngdn ngir ddi thudng, trong dd cd ca nhip dieu.
i
Phan img lai vdi nhihig gd bd cua tha ca cu, manh liet de'n nhu Phan Khdi, la mot trong nhihig y thirc ciia nhi?ng ngucn img hd tha mdi.
Doc nhiJng cau tha sau cua Phan Khdi trong bai tha Tinh Hai muai bdn nam xua, mdt dem vira gid lai vira mua
Dudi ngon den md, trong gian nha nhd, hai mai ddu xanh ke nhau than lh(V " Oi ddi ta, tinh thuang nhau thi vdn nang, ma la'y nhau, han khdng dang.
Di den ndi tinh truc'yc phu sau, chi cho bang sdm lieu ma budng nhau."
ta tha'y tie'ng Viet cua ddi sdng thudng ngay da tran vao tha ca.
Dudng nhu khdng cdn mdt khoang each gii?a ngdn ngi? van chuang va ngdn ngi? ndi. Su chuydn bien tir cii sang mcyi nhu vay, dd la mdt chidu hudng cdn duac hoan nghenh, song neu chi cd vay, va tinh hinh nay tiep didn keo dai thi cd le la mdt sir sa siit cua tha ca nuc)c nha.
May thay khdng phai the, ben canh sir pha phach cai cu la mdt cd gdng xAy
dimg cai mdi. Cac nha tha mdi da cd nhidu sang tao trong ngdn tir, ke thira \ha ca cd truydn nhung cai bien. Dudng luat hdu nhu vdng bdng, nhung iha 7 chu, 5 chu cd khi cdn em ddm reo rdt han. Tha 8 chi? bdt ngudn tir tha ca trii, ket hap va\ hoc
tap hinh thiJc tha Tay da duac dinh hinh thanh mdt thd thc^ rieng va trd Ihanh ihd
tha chii yeu trong phong trao tha mdi. Tha tu do chi la mot bd phan ciia th(r ma\.
Doc nhihig cau tha sau ciia Xuan Dieu. May biec vd dau bay g^p gap Con cd tren rudng canh phan van Chim nghe trdi rdng giang them canh Hoa lanh chidu thua suc:^ng xudng ddn hoac hai cau cua Huy Can :
Rung mng hoa phuang mau thuang nhd Sc^n dam tren thanh mdt sdc xua.
Cung nhu vay mdy cau ciia The LiJ: Anh xuan ludt cd xuan tuai
Ben i-img thdi sao mdt hai kim ddng Tie'ng dua hiu hdt ben Idng
Budn ai ! xa vdng menh mdng la budn
ta tha'y Uorde het vd mat tir ngi? da cd nhung sang tao bdt ngd Irong vice ket hop tir. Nhi?ng ket hop gfv khdng cd trong ngdn ngu thudng nizay nhune rat tai linh phii hap tha ca, mang tfnh nghe thuat, nhdm ta canh ciing vc'ti ta tinh. Canh phan van, mau thuang nhd, budn meng mdng, chidu thua,...
Trong tie'ng Viet khdu ngi? cd md hinh Tfnh tir + ai la + tfnh lir. kidu
Ngon ai la ngon, nhidu ai la nhidu. 6 day la cung gap md hinh a'y: Budn a\ la
budn, song ket cau Iren da duac tach ddi, duac chen vao gifra nao la xa vdng, nao
la menh mdng, nha't la ket hap gifra menh mdng vdi budn da lam cho md hinh tren
chi cdn bdng dang.Cau tha van gdn gui nhirng khdng "ndm na'\ van mang Ifnh nghe thuat.
Mat khac, ba'y nhieu cau tha cua 3 lac gia dau cd gdn vdi van xudi ma la \ha 1
chu va luc bat, v^n dieu em ai.
Cd thd ndi cudc xam lang ciia van xudi da bi danh bat ra, va n(')i nhu giao sir Trdn Dinh Huau, tha mdi tir xung khdc da di den " hoa giai vdi truyen Ihdng "
Didu dang quan tam den a day vdn la viec sir dung tieng Viel Irong sang hit
van hoc nghe thuat, ma cu thd la tha ca.
Ngudi Viet diing tieiig Viel di sang lac tha ca da cd ttr lau ddi, Irf Ihi'rc sang tac Iha Ndm, ngudi binh dan cd ca dao, dan ca. 6 the ky XX chirc nang d() cua
tieng Viet khdng cd gi mdi, song trong tha ca thanh van, tire khdng khdng phai la truydn khdu, da cd mdt su dao Idn Idn, do nhan thuc vd tham my vd tieng Viel Ihay